Virology最新文献_第7页

Performance evaluation of micro-foci reduction neutralization test for the detection of neutralizing antibodies in human samples against dengue viruses circulating in India 用于检测在印度流行的登革热病毒的人体样本中和抗体的微灶减少中和试验的性能评价

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110620

Shweta Chelluboina, Sneha Borkar, Akhilesh Chandra Mishra, Vidya A. Arankalle, Shubham Shrivastava

{"title":"Performance evaluation of micro-foci reduction neutralization test for the detection of neutralizing antibodies in human samples against dengue viruses circulating in India","authors":"Shweta Chelluboina, Sneha Borkar, Akhilesh Chandra Mishra, Vidya A. Arankalle, Shubham Shrivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue vaccine studies largely hinge on the understanding of the serostatus of a population by measuring the levels of neutralizing antibodies against all four dengue serotypes. In this study, we optimized the micro-foci-reduction neutralization test (micro-FRNT) that measures neutralizing antibody titres in a 96-well plate format.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 53 healthy blood donor serum/plasma samples, (31 anti-dengue IgG positive and 22 anti-dengue IgG negative) were used to validate the micro-FRNT against circulating Indian strains of all four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV). Key parameters such as robustness, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity were examined. In a subset of 30 samples, the neutralization test was performed simultaneously in 24-well and 96-well plate formats, and FRNT<sub>50</sub> titres were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results demonstrated that 100%, 87%, 100% and 100% of samples had micro-FRNT<sub>50</sub> titres within 25% CV in the intra-assay precision against DENV-1, -2, -3 and -4, respectively. The micro-FRNT demonstrated inter-assay precision within 30% CV in 100%, 80% of samples against DENV-1/-2/-3 and DENV-4 serotypes, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation for DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4 was determined to be 16, 13, 11, and 11, respectively. We also demonstrated comparable FRNT<sub>50</sub> titres using a 96-well plate against the standard 24-well plate format, yielding excellent positive correlation (r = 0.88 to 0.96) for all four serotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In summary, we demonstrated the validation of the DENV-specific micro-FRNT method for DENV with a reduced turnaround time. The micro-FRNT method presents a useful tool for monitoring immune response against dengue viruses during epidemiological and vaccine response studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110620"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of virulent bacteriophages targeting Bacillus licheniformis: biological properties and genomic functional analysis 针对地衣芽孢杆菌的强毒噬菌体的特征：生物学特性和基因组功能分析

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110619

Dziyana Shymialevich , Michał Wójcicki , Barbara Sokołowska

{"title":"Characterization of virulent bacteriophages targeting Bacillus licheniformis: biological properties and genomic functional analysis","authors":"Dziyana Shymialevich , Michał Wójcicki , Barbara Sokołowska","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of spore-forming bacteria from the <em>Bacillus</em> genus, which negatively impacts food quality, remains a significant problem, leading to considerable economic losses in production facilities. Therefore, this study reports the isolation and characterization of bacteriophages targeting <em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> as a potential candidate for food biocontrol. Biological assessments showed that Bacillus phage KKP_4048 and Bacillus phage KKP_4049 are highly stable under various environmental conditions. The phages retained activity across a broad temperature range (−20 °C–60 °C for 1 h) and in saline solutions with pH values from 3 to 11 for 1 h. After 30-min of UV exposure, their activity decreased by 99.99 %. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that Bacillus phage KKP_4048 and Bacillus phage KKP_4049 belong to the <em>Caudoviricetes</em> class with a myovirus morphotype. The growth kinetics of the bacteriophage's host were examined using an automated growth analyzer, demonstrating a significant reduction in host growth at all tested multiplicity of infections. The genomes of Bacillus phage KKP_4048 and Bacillus phage KKP_4049 consist of linear dsDNA, with a length of 152,106 bp and 154,029 bp, and G + C contents of 39.01 % and 38.97 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that phages are most closely related to bacteriophages in the <em>Herelleviridae</em> family and the <em>Siophivirus</em> genus. No lysogenic markers, including genes for toxins or antibiotic resistance, were detected in their genomes. These results suggest that Bacillus phage KKP_4048 and Bacillus phage KKP_4049 hold significant potential as a biocontrol agent for food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diversity and distribution of viral zoonosis in Africa 非洲病毒性人畜共患病的多样性和分布

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110621

Ayman Ahmed , Nouh Saad Mohamed , Emmanuel Edwar Siddig

{"title":"Diversity and distribution of viral zoonosis in Africa","authors":"Ayman Ahmed , Nouh Saad Mohamed , Emmanuel Edwar Siddig","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viral zoonoses pose a significant public health challenge in Africa, characterized by a diverse array of pathogens transmitted from animals to humans. This review maps the geographic distribution of zoonotic viral diseases in Africa, including rodent-borne, bat-borne, tick-borne, mosquito-borne, and sandfly-associated viral zoonoses, along with those transmitted via fecal-oral and respiratory routes. This review informs surveillance, resource allocation, and One Health strategies by mapping zoonotic viral disease risks across Africa based on geographic existence. The overlapping clinical symptoms of these infections, particularly fever and headache, with endemic parasitic diseases, such as malaria and/or other intestinal parasitic infections, complicate accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and case management, and further contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. The limited diagnostic capabilities and resource constraints of healthcare systems hinder effective surveillance and outbreak response, exacerbating the risks associated with zoonotic diseases. The economic burden of viral infections poses significant challenges for communities reliant on livestock. Therefore, identifying and mapping zoonotic viral diseases is critical to informing integrated strategies that address human, animal, and environmental health. A One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of these domains, is essential for managing the complex dynamics of zoonotic diseases transmission. strengthening surveillance systems, improving public health education, and strategically allocating resources are key to reducing the impact of viral zoonoses across Africa. Collaborative engagement among governments, non-governmental organizations, and international health agencies is crucial for building resilient health systems capable of responding effectively to both existing and emerging zoonotic threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110621"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to: An early ‘classical’ swine H1N1 influenza virus shows similar pathogenicity to the 1918 pandemic virus in ferrets and mice [Virology, volume 393/2 (2009) 539, 338 - 345 早期“经典”猪H1N1流感病毒在雪貂和小鼠中显示出与1918年大流行病毒相似的致病性[病毒学，卷393/2(2009)539,338 - 345]。

IF 2.4 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110611

Matthew J. Memoli , Terrence M. Tumpey , Brett W. Jagger , Vivien G. Dugan , Zong-Mei Sheng , Li Qi , John C. Kash , Jeffery K. Taubenberger

引用次数: 0

Construction of vitamin E-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion adjuvant enhances immunogenicity of inactivated pseudorabies virus vaccine 维生素基水包油纳米乳剂的构建增强了伪狂犬病毒灭活疫苗的免疫原性

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110616

Wenzhu Yin , Chen Chang , Yalu Zhu , Fang Ma , Haiyan Wang , Yu Lu , Bo Tang , Bihua Deng

{"title":"Construction of vitamin E-based oil-in-water nano-emulsion adjuvant enhances immunogenicity of inactivated pseudorabies virus vaccine","authors":"Wenzhu Yin , Chen Chang , Yalu Zhu , Fang Ma , Haiyan Wang , Yu Lu , Bo Tang , Bihua Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being a common way to prevent infection with the pseudorabies virus (PRV), inactivated vaccines are less effective because of their poor immunogenicity. Adjuvants, as an important component of vaccines, can greatly boost and alter the immune response. In this study, a newly oil-in-water nano-emulsion adjuvant OEBB containing 20 % vitamin E, 30 % Tween-80, and 50 % 1,3-propylene didecanoate was easily prepared with a good thermal stability and biosafety. Combining an inactivated PRV (10<sup>7</sup> TCID50/20 μL) with OEBB, the inactivated OEBB/PRV nano-vaccine with the effective particle diameter of 194.01 ± 59.54 nm was formulated. It displayed a good temperature stability and maintained the particle size within 28 days. Then, the OEBB/PRV nano-vaccine was evaluated for its safety and immunization effect using mice and piglets. The results showed that the OEBB/PRV nano-vaccine significantly increased model animals’ antibody and cytokines. The neutralizing antibody was higher than PRV alone but there was no significantly difference from commercial adjuvant ISA201. Moreover, the challenge protection rate can reach 80 %, which was obviously superior to that of ISA201 (70 %). Safety tests found no hemolytic side effects, no symptoms of PRV or significant toxic reactions, and no damage to organs. The OEBB could enhance the activation of antigen-presenting cells in the local injection skin to deliver the PRV antigen to nearby lymph nodes. This led to increase CD3<sup>+</sup> population and promote differentiation to CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>, which ultimately induced humoral and cellular immunity. The as-prepared OEBB in this study is an effective adjuvant for PRV inactivated vaccine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncovering the faecal virome of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) reveals virus sharing among geographically distinct pinnipeds 揭示新西兰海狮（Phocarctos hookeri）的粪便病毒揭示了地理上不同的鳍足类动物之间的病毒共享

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110617

Nicola S. Holdsworth , Nia Weinzweig , Chris Lalas , Stephanie J. Waller , Jemma L. Geoghegan , Rebecca K. French

{"title":"Uncovering the faecal virome of New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) reveals virus sharing among geographically distinct pinnipeds","authors":"Nicola S. Holdsworth , Nia Weinzweig , Chris Lalas , Stephanie J. Waller , Jemma L. Geoghegan , Rebecca K. French","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The New Zealand sea lion (pakake; <em>Phocarctos hookeri</em>) is the largest and only endemic otariid species in Aotearoa (New Zealand), classified as ‘nationally critical’ due to low population numbers and limited distribution. Infectious disease is a significant factor contributing to sea lion population instability; however, we know almost nothing about viral organisms harboured by these species. To this end, we conducted a metatranscriptomic analysis of faecal samples from healthy New Zealand sea lions collected along the Otago coastline over twelve months. In total, we identified 11 viral species, eight of which were novel, spanning four RNA viral families, including virus species also found in California sea lions suggesting sustained viral sharing among these geographically distinct marine mammals. Our analysis also revealed that virome community composition was not altered by ecological factors such as host sex, age and migratory status. This study lays the groundwork for future research on marine mammal viromes, with important implications for disease monitoring and conservation efforts, particularly in the wake of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What is the future of Mpox outbreak? 麻疹疫情的未来是什么？

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110618

Grace Naswa Makokha, Maidina Abuduwaili, Kazuaki Chayama, Makoto Hijikata

{"title":"What is the future of Mpox outbreak?","authors":"Grace Naswa Makokha, Maidina Abuduwaili, Kazuaki Chayama, Makoto Hijikata","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus, which belongs to the <em>Orthopoxvirus</em> genus, in the same family as the variola virus which causes smallpox. Although Mpox was historically confined to Central and West Africa, the 2022 global outbreak marked a significant shift, with cases reported in non-endemic countries but through a combination of targeted public health interventions, vaccination efforts, and behavioral changes within affected communities, the outbreak was brought under control by late 2022 in many regions outside Africa. However, since 2023 a resurgence of the disease in parts of Central and West Africa, driven by the Clade Ib variant, has raised fresh concerns. The outbreaks have been exacerbated by limited diagnostic infrastructure and healthcare access, which prompted the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency regarding this variant in mid-2024. This review aims to explore the future of Mpox outbreak by analyzing the current understanding of the virus, the challenges experienced in handling it, and areas requiring further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding the role of the intestinal epithelium in hepatitis E virus infection using a human organoid prototype of “gut-liver” axis 利用人“肠-肝”轴类器官原型解码肠上皮在戊型肝炎病毒感染中的作用

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110615

Kuan Liu , Yang Wang , Jiangrong Zhou , Joy Joàn van der Meij , Luc J.W. van der Laan , Pengfei Li , Qiuwei Pan

{"title":"Decoding the role of the intestinal epithelium in hepatitis E virus infection using a human organoid prototype of “gut-liver” axis","authors":"Kuan Liu , Yang Wang , Jiangrong Zhou , Joy Joàn van der Meij , Luc J.W. van der Laan , Pengfei Li , Qiuwei Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route. A clinical study has reported that the intestine of a chronic hepatitis E patient is positive for HEV. However, whether the intestinal epithelium acts as a barrier for HEV transmission or whether productive enteric infection enhances transfer of the virus to the liver remains unclear. The advent of organoid technology provides a valuable platform for advancing the study of HEV-host interactions in a more physiologically relevant context. In this study, we demonstrate that primary human intestinal organoids (HIOs) efficiently support HEV replication. The infection was sustained in differentiated HIOs with specific phenotypes of intestinal cell types, namely enterocyte, goblet cell, and enteroendocrine cell lineages. Next, we constructed a gut-liver axis model using a transwell system by co-culturing HIOs with human liver-derived organoids. Importantly, infectious viral particles produced in HIOs were capable of transmission to human liver-derived organoids in this model. Bile acids are essential mediators of gut-liver crosstalk. We found that supplementing human bile or the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid inhibited HEV replication in organoids via the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling pathway. The effects of the secondary bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, were opposite and promoted viral replication. In conclusion, this model provides a novel approach to study the gut-liver axis in HEV transmission and the impact of bile acids in modulating HEV infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ZDHHC14 and APT2 regulate the palmitoylation of HSV-2 gB ZDHHC14和APT2调控HSV-2 gB的棕榈酰化

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110614

Yajie Chen , Guangfu Yu , Shan Gao , Leiliang Zhang

{"title":"ZDHHC14 and APT2 regulate the palmitoylation of HSV-2 gB","authors":"Yajie Chen , Guangfu Yu , Shan Gao , Leiliang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common sexually transmitted pathogen known for causing genital herpes. Glycoprotein B (gB) of HSV-2 plays a crucial role in viral entry and infection. However, its post-translational modifications are not well understood. This study investigated the palmitoylation of HSV-2 gB, identifying cysteine residue 8 (C8) as a critical palmitoylation site. Using an acyl-biotin exchange assay, we confirmed that gB was indeed palmitoylated, and treatment with 2-bromopalmitate significantly reduced this modification. Further analysis revealed that ZDHHC14 interacted with gB and facilitated its palmitoylation. We also identified APT2 as a negative regulator of gB palmitoylation. Importantly, palmitoylation enhanced gB's localization to the plasma membrane, whereas the C8S mutation substantially impaired this localization. Functionally, palmitoylation of gB enhanced the infective efficiency of HSV-2 pseudotyped particles (pp) and live viruses, while both palmitoyltransferase and APT2 inhibition affected the entry efficiency of HSV-2pp. Our findings demonstrate that the palmitoylation of gB is crucial for its localization to the membrane and for facilitating efficient HSV-2 infection, highlighting palmitoylation as a promising target for antiviral interventions and providing new insights into the pathogenesis of HSV-2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viral interference during coinfection and sequential infection of enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16 肠道病毒A71和柯萨奇病毒A16合并感染和顺序感染时的病毒干扰

IF 2.8 3区医学

Virology Pub Date : 2025-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2025.110610

Hooi Yee Chang , Kien Chai Ong , Kartini Jasni , Syahril Abdullah , Yin Jie Ong , I-Ching Sam , Yoke Fun Chan

{"title":"Viral interference during coinfection and sequential infection of enterovirus A71 and coxsackievirus A16","authors":"Hooi Yee Chang , Kien Chai Ong , Kartini Jasni , Syahril Abdullah , Yin Jie Ong , I-Ching Sam , Yoke Fun Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood infection caused by enteroviruses including enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16). These viruses often co-circulate, resulting in potential viral interference which could impact virus transmission, virulence, and EV-A71 vaccine effectiveness. Experimental evidence to support these findings is lacking. Epidemiology and seroprevalence data for EV-A71 and CVA16 reveal trends suggestive of viral interference between the two viruses. Coinfection with both EV-A71 and CVA16, or sequential infection of EV-A71 followed by CVA16, were performed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells and compared with single virus infection. In RD cells, coinfection did not affect virus replication while prior EV-A71 infection inhibited CVA16 replication at 24 h post-infection. BALB/c mice were infected with mouse-adapted EV-A71 (MP4), EV-A71 and CVA16 simultaneously or sequentially. In mice, coinfection reduced mortality (40 %) while prior EV-A71 infection reduced sequential MP4-induced (40 %) and CVA16-induced (20 %) mortality in contrast to 100 % mortality in single virus-infected mice. Coinfection reduced EV-A71 MP4 viral RNA in limbs and brains, triggering innate immune activation with altered interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs) and cytokine expression. Prior EV-A71 infection suppressed CVA16 replication in limbs and brains, caused limited histopathological changes and unchanged innate immune responses. Prior EV-A71 infection suppressed MP4 antigens as evidenced by histological findings and elevation of IFITM3, ISG15, RSAD2, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expressions. We have experimentally demonstrated viral interference between EV-A71 and CVA16 during coinfection and sequential infection. A coadministered or sequential EV-A71 and CVA16 vaccine could provide broad innate immune protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"610 ","pages":"Article 110610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0