Virology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative coat protein annotation of two biologically distinct strains of cucumber mosaic virus in chili","authors":"Vinodhini Jeevarathinam ,&nbsp;Rajendran Lingan ,&nbsp;Jeya Sundara Sharmila ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a globally prevalent plant virus with a broad host range, significantly affecting chili crops. From a diagnostic survey, 49 symptomatic chili plants were collected and CMV was confirmed in 23 samples. Molecular indexing revealed a predominance of mosaic-inducing strains (18 samples) along with distinct chlorosis inducing strains (5 samples) of CMV in the chili eco system of Tamil Nadu. Representative strains were mechanically sap inoculated onto chili host plants and produced similar symptoms as observed under field conditions. Coat protein (CP) gene analysis revealed 657 nucleotides encoding for 218 amino acids with a homology of 97.65 %–98.92 % with Indian chili isolates. Sequence diversity analysis indicated the higher synonymous substitutions in chlorosis-inducing strains, suggesting greater nucleotide variability. Comparative amino acid analysis indicated conserved residues in chlorosis-inducing strains such as Ser¹²⁹, Thr¹³⁷ and Thr¹⁶² and mosaic-inducing strains such as Pro¹²⁹, Ser¹³⁷ and Ala¹⁶². Furthermore, CP annotation performed by predicting secondary structures showed conformational modification in the loop structure of protein. To validate the symptomatology, in silico protein-protein docking was carried out to explore the possible interaction between chloroplast ferredoxin proteins of chili based on previous studies. Functional annotation substantiated that chlorotic symptom expression may be due to amino acid variation of Ser¹²⁹ and aids compatible interaction between chloroplast ferredoxin proteins of chili. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of strain-specific symptom development and highlight the need for targeted diagnostics of emerging CMV variants in chili cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast milk lacking anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity promotes exocytosis of HIV from the mother's mammary epithelium and transcytosis of virus via the infant's tonsil and intestinal epithelial cells","authors":"Nicole T. Padilla ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Cai ,&nbsp;Rossana Herrera ,&nbsp;Kristina Rosbe ,&nbsp;Sharof M. Tugizov","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and breast milk facilitate mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), the mechanisms underlying these observations remain poorly understood. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanisms associated with HIV-1 transcytosis through MECs and the role of breast milk in promoting viral transmigration through infant tonsils and intestinal epithelia. Our findings revealed that transfer of cell-free HIV-1 from the maternal circulation into breast milk is mediated by its basolateral-to-apical transcytosis through polarized MECs that function as a blood-milk barrier. While breast milk samples from 76 % of the HIV-negative donors contained factors that inactivated the virus by disrupting viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, thereby preventing MTCT, the remaining breast milk samples that were incapable of inactivating HIV-1 nonetheless induced viral exocytosis from the apical surface of MECs. Interestingly, these otherwise inactive breast milk samples also promoted a substantial increase in viral internalization, transcytosis, and exocytosis from infant tonsils and gut epithelial cells, ultimately leading to infection of virus-susceptible subepithelial cells. We determined that elevated calcium concentrations in breast milk play an important role in promoting HIV-1 entry, transcytosis, and exocytosis from infant tonsil and gut epithelial cells via activation of protein kinase C and calcium sensor synaptotagmin 7. Collectively, these findings suggest that breast milk samples from different sources may either promote or prevent HIV MTCT by several different mechanisms. Further investigation of this phenomenon may ultimately improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HIV MTCT and suggest new strategies for its prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation and application of novel DNA aptamers targeted to the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Guan ,&nbsp;Hanchuan Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyan Wei ,&nbsp;Zhenghong Xu ,&nbsp;Shaowen Wang ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, with common symptoms of fever, cough, and dyspnea. SARS-CoV-2 transmission with high prevalence includes aerosols, respiratory droplets, and fecal-oral routes. To date, COVID-19 has infected more than 7.7 million people, seriously threatening people around the world. Therefore, rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial for epidemic prevention and control. In this study, two novel DNA aptamers (apt1 and apt2) targeting the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2-N) were screened through selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Subsequently, we devised a simple and sensitive lateral flow biosensor (LFB) for quick detection of the CoV2-N. Through secondary structure and minimum free energy predictions, we found that both apt1 and apt2 form stable stem-loop structures, with free energies of −16.01 and −14.04 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, they showed high binding affinities to CoV2-N, with calculated binding affinities (<em>K</em>_<em>d</em>) of 18.9 nM for apt1 and 55.7 nM for apt2. The aptamer-based LFB features simple operation, with a detection limit of 500 ng/mL for proteins and visually interpretable results within 5 min. Together, we obtained aptamers that specifically recognized CoV2-N and established a new detection method with high specificity and sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: 70th Anniversary of Virology","authors":"Jasmine Tomar (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110687","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of phage vB_EfS_C1 and investigation of antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium","authors":"Mohamed El-Telbany ,&nbsp;Keigo Yamamura ,&nbsp;Norihiro Saito ,&nbsp;Yoshimitsu Masuda ,&nbsp;Takahisa Miyamoto ,&nbsp;Ken-ichi Honjoh","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>E</em>. faecium is listed among the ESKAPE pathogens (<em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> and <em>Enterobacter</em>), which are responsible for a significant proportion of global deaths. Vancomycin-resistant <em>E. faecium</em> (VREfm) is the leading species responsible for human infections, and the limited therapeutic options make VREfm a public health problem. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a novel phage against <em>E. faecium</em> and evaluate its activity against vancomycin-sensitive <em>E. faecium</em> (VSEfm) and VREfm. We isolated a phage, named vB_EfS_C1, from compost. The host range analysis showed that it produced plaques on 5 out of 18 enterococci strains and did not produce plaques on other species. Phage vB_EfS_C1 was infective at different temperatures (40–70 °C), and the titer was stable at different pH levels (6–9). The phage vB_EfS_C1 is 86,777 bp in length, grouping it with phages with large genomes infecting enterococci (&gt;80 kbp). The killing curve revealed that phage vB_EfS_C1 had antibacterial activity with different MOIs (0.001–1) against the <em>E. faecium</em> host strain. The biofilm biomass of <em>E. faecium</em> FHC29 was reduced by 85 % after 6 and 24 h, and the biofilm biomass of <em>E. faecium</em> No. 982 (VREfm) by 50 % after 6 h and 25 % after 24 h with an MOI of 0.1. The viable counts of <em>E. faecium</em> FHC29 and VREfm in biofilms were decreased by 3 log and 1.83 log with an MOI of 1, respectively. In conclusion, phage vB_EfS_C1 is a lytic enterococcal phage displaying antibiofilm activity against VSEfm and VREfm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colloidal gold technology in viral diagnostics: Recent innovations, clinical applications, and future perspectives","authors":"Zhiyang He,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhang,&nbsp;Siping Kuang,&nbsp;Shuli Li,&nbsp;Yuxian Wang,&nbsp;Juntao Ding,&nbsp;Zhenghai Ma,&nbsp;Beibei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colloidal gold technology has revolutionized viral diagnostics through its rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly applications, particularly in point-of-care testing (POCT). This review synthesizes recent advancements, focusing on its role in detecting respiratory viruses, hepatitis viruses, and emerging pathogens. The technology leverages the unique optical and physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and high surface-to-volume ratios, to achieve rapid antigen-antibody recognition with visual readouts within 15 min. Innovations such as CRISPR-Cas-integrated lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), dual-mode plasmonic biosensors, and nanomaterials like CeO₂-colloidal gold composites have enhanced sensitivity and multiplex capability, enabling simultaneous identification of co-circulating pathogens. Case studies highlight its efficacy in dengue serotyping, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody quantification, and HBV/HCV co-detection, demonstrating high clinical specificity. However, challenges persist, including the need for improved sensitivity; interference of sample matrix with immunity; false positives caused by cross-reactions; and limitations of semi-quantitative analysis. Recent progress in hybrid nanomaterial synthesis, surface functionalization, and device-level multiplexing—coupled with AI-driven data interpretation— promises to address these gaps. Future trends emphasize integration with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), microfluidics, and portable sensors to achieve sub-zeptomolar sensitivity and scalable deployment. By bridging nanotechnology with precision diagnostics, colloidal gold platforms are poised to redefine global viral surveillance, particularly in resource-limited settings, underscoring their indispensable role in pandemic preparedness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics and genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae phage VP1","authors":"Xi Chen,&nbsp;Meiying Yan,&nbsp;Rujing Sun,&nbsp;Biao Kan,&nbsp;Fenxia Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lytic bacteriophage VP1 specifically targets <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> (<em>V. cholerae</em>), showing excellent therapeutic potential. It features a 55-min latency period, large burst size (255 virions/cell), and remarkable stability (pH 5–12). Genomic sequencing revealed a double-stranded DNA genome of 42,845 bp with a G + C content of 45.49 %. Among the 61 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 55 were validated by proteomic analysis, while only 16 exhibited functional homology to known proteins in public databases. The genome lacks tRNA genes, CRISPR-associated elements, virulence factors, or antibiotic resistance genes, underscoring its safety profile. It effectively lyses O1 and O139 <em>V. cholerae</em> strains while showing no activity against other <em>Vibrio</em> species. Comparative genomic analysis showed VP1 shares limited similarity (&lt;71.39 % identity) with five <em>Vibrio</em> phages. Phylogenetic analysis of terminase large subunit (TerL) and major capsid protein (MCP) genes further confirmed VP1's distinct evolutionary position, clustering with <em>V. splendidus</em> phage but forming a separate clade from established <em>Caudovirales</em> families. Given its potent lytic activity, genomic stability, unique phylogenetic position, and absence of harmful genetic elements, VP1 represents a putative novel phage lineage within <em>Podovirales</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against dengue virus: a scoping review of preclinical and clinical development","authors":"Irene Terzi ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Dimitriadis ,&nbsp;Melina Ntoga ,&nbsp;Vasilios Petrakis ,&nbsp;Ioulia Dragoumani ,&nbsp;Filothei Markatou ,&nbsp;Petros Rafailidis","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health challenge, causing over 7.6 million reported cases in 2024. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NmAbs) have emerged as promising therapeutics to address the limitations of vaccines and lack of antivirals, but their development is complicated by viral diversity, “breathing” dynamics, and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize evidence on NmAbs targeting DENV, summarizing their epitopes, mechanisms, serotype coverage, neutralization potency, and development status.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We searched PubMed (to June 2025) for studies characterizing NmAbs with <em>in vitro</em> or <em>in vivo</em> DENV neutralization. Inclusion required primary data on neutralizing activity. Data extraction included antibody origin, epitope, potency, ADE risk, and clinical progress.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-six studies were included, covering more than 30 NmAbs. Fusion loop–directed antibodies (e.g., 3G9, E53) display broad reactivity but frequently mediate ADE unless Fc-modified. E-dimer epitope (EDE) antibodies (A11, B7, C8, C10) recognize quaternary epitopes with high <em>in vitro</em> potency, though evidence for in <em>vivo</em> protection and ADE avoidance remains limited. Domain III–directed antibodies (e.g., m366.6, 1C19) show serotype-spanning activity, while others such as 2D22 or DENV-290 exhibit potent type-specific neutralization. Several candidates demonstrate efficacy in animal models, and two human antibodies, VIS513 and AV-1, have advanced to clinical evaluation, with VIS513 completing Phase 1 trials.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NmAbs offer a promising adjunct to dengue care but require careful epitope selection and Fc engineering to balance potency and safety. Continued preclinical and clinical evaluation is essential to advance these candidates toward therapeutic use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interferon-γ receptor signaling is critical for balanced immune activation and protection against influenza after vaccination","authors":"Ki-Hye Kim ,&nbsp;Hye Suk Hwang ,&nbsp;Youri Lee ,&nbsp;Yu-Jin Jung ,&nbsp;Eun-Ju Ko ,&nbsp;Jae Min Song ,&nbsp;Sang-Moo Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better understand the contribution of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor signaling to vaccine-induced immunity, we employed A129 (IFN-α/β receptor-deficient) and AG129 (IFN-α/β/γ receptor-deficient) mouse models. AG129 mice induced comparable levels of virus-specific IgG after vaccination with influenza virus H5 hemagglutinin (HA) virus-like particles (VLPs). Vaccinated AG129 mice with HA VLPs exhibited impaired Th1-immune responses, lower hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, increased susceptibility to virus infection, and lower survival rates following influenza virus (H5N1) challenge than vaccinated A129 mice. The AG129 mice also displayed defective germinal center and plasma cell responses, dysregulated lung inflammation with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, impaired recruitment of monocytes, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells after HA VLP vaccination and virus challenge, compared to A129 mice. Collectively, these findings underscore the critical role of IFN-γ signaling in coordinating effective and balanced immune responses to influenza HA VLP vaccination and conferring protection against virus infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis and preclinical evaluation of two hydrogel-formulated novel virulent phages isolated against a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"Ann A. Elshamy ,&nbsp;Sandra K. Kamal ,&nbsp;Mariam T. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Aya M. Elhasany ,&nbsp;Aya A. Shady ,&nbsp;Sherok A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Hasna A. Abd-Elmaaboud ,&nbsp;Nour E. El-Awady ,&nbsp;Rana A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Sara A. El-Mirghany ,&nbsp;Sarraa W. El-Hady ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Abd-ElRahman ,&nbsp;Bishoy T. Saad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Y. Alshahrani ,&nbsp;Khaled M. Aboshanab ,&nbsp;Samar S. Mabrouk","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (CRAB) has recently become a serious cause for global concern because of non-susceptibility to multiple antimicrobial classes, its prevalence in nosocomial infections, and the lack of effective treatments against such a pathogen.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study isolated two lytic phages from hospital sewage, purified, propagated, characterized morphologically by transmission electron microscopy, and genomically by Oxford Nanopore Sequencing. The phage lysates were then formulated individually as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) 5 % w/v hydrogels. The formulated hydrogels were <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> evaluated using a thermal injury animal model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The phages belong to the class <em>Caudovirectes</em> whrere the virion Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaM-SPA has an icosahedral head 60 ± 5 nm in diameter, a tail of 128 ± 5 nm length, and a genome of 45,115 bp in length with 37.4 % G + C content and 70 ORFs. In comparison, the virion Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaM-SPB has an icosahedral head 64 ± 5 nm in diameter, a tail of 67 ± 5 nm length, and a 45,587 bp genome with 37.7 % G + C content and 70 ORFs. The animal groups treated with the phage hydrogels demonstrated a significant acceleration in the production of dermal mature collagen fibers, enhanced survival rates, and promoted wound healing when compared to the untreated groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaM-SPA and Acinetobacter phage vB_AbaM-SPB formulated as hydrogels were able to treat the CRAB-infected burn wounds, to enhance healing, as demonstrated through histopathological analysis, and decrease the death rate of the animals. Consequently, these phage-hydrogels are regarded as encouraging formulations for clinical evaluation for potential use in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"612 ","pages":"Article 110676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}