Virology最新文献

{"title":"The GI-19 dominant genotype of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens from 2021 to 2023 in Sichuan province is frequently involved in recombination events","authors":"Fuyan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Yan ,&nbsp;Lijia Liu ,&nbsp;Dongli Shu ,&nbsp;Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Wenlong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the etiological agent of infectious bronchitis (IB) in chickens, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that poses significant economic burdens on the global poultry industry. Comprehensive knowledge of the epidemiological patterns and genetic variations of IBV is crucial for effective prevention and control strategies. In this study, we collected 684 suspected samples from Sichuan province between 2021 and 2023. PCR testing revealed a total positivity rate of 26.9 %, with the Guangyuan region exhibiting the highest positivity rate at 37.2 %. Subsequently, we obtained 21 complete IBV S1 gene sequences and the phylogenetic analysis identified the GI-19 type as the predominant strain. Comparing nucleic acid similarity among the 21 isolated strains, we observed a range of 66.48 %–99.69 % nucleotide similarity (56.22 %–99.45 % in amino acids). The QXL87 vaccine strain exhibited higher similarity to the isolated strains. Amino acid variations in the three hypervariable regions (HVRs) showed the highest variability in HVR I. The GVI type strain differed in amino acid composition from QXL87 in HVR I, resulting in reduced N-glycosylation sites on the S1 gene. Furthermore, all isolated strains displayed varying reductions in N-glycosylation sites on the S1 gene compared to the QXL87 vaccine strain. Ultimately, recombination analysis revealed frequent involvement of the GI-19 and GI-22 strains in gene recombination. The majority of recombined strains were derived from partial segments of the GI-19 strain, with no recombination observed in any of the isolated GI-19 strains. In summary, our findings elucidate the prevalence of IBV in Sichuan province and highlight the pivotal role of the GI-19 strain in IBV recombination, thereby offering valuable data support for IBV control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-protection against St. Louis encephalitis virus and Usutu virus by West Nile virus convalescent plasma","authors":"Md Shakhawat Hossain,&nbsp;Megan B. Vogt,&nbsp;Seth A. Hawks,&nbsp;Sheryl L. Coutermarsh-Ott,&nbsp;Nisha K. Duggal","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) are emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses within the Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex. They share a similar transmission cycle between passerine birds and <em>Culex</em> spp. mosquitoes, and their spillover can cause neuroinvasive diseases among humans and animals. Individuals might be exposed to more than one of these viruses during their lifetime. Previously, we found that WNV vaccination protected mice from USUV disease, and sera collected from the WNV vaccinated mice cross-neutralized USUV <em>in vitro.</em> However, whether WNV convalescent (post-recovery) plasma cross-protects against heterologous SLEV or USUV infection is unknown. In this study, <em>in vivo</em> experiments were conducted to assess whether WNV human convalescent plasma and/or mouse convalescent serum afforded protection to mice against SLEV and USUV infection and neuroinvasion. First, we found that human and mouse WNV convalescent samples cross-neutralized USUV and SLEV <em>in vitro</em>. We then passively transferred human or mouse WNV convalescent samples into mice and challenged them with WNV, USUV, or SLEV. Both human and mouse WNV convalescent samples reduced WNV neuroinvasion and SLEV and USUV viremia during acute infection. Mouse WNV convalescent serum significantly reduced SLEV titers in the brain and showed a trend towards resulting in less inflammation in the brain. These findings helped to better understand the potential cross-protection among WNV, SLEV, and USUV, and identified cross-neutralizing antibodies as potential correlates of protection for individuals exposed to multiple flaviviruses, though protection was incomplete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the pathogenic and transmission characteristics of JN.1 in golden hamsters based on different attack methods","authors":"Ruixue Liu ,&nbsp;Fang Song ,&nbsp;Li Sun ,&nbsp;Fang Yan ,&nbsp;Qiushi Jin ,&nbsp;Fang Yan ,&nbsp;Xianzhu Xia ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yuwei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since its emergence at the end of 2023, the JN.1 variant of COVID-19 has become the dominant strain globally. Currently, its characteristics in related animal models remain largely unknown. The results indicate that JN.1 can cause weight loss, viral load, viral titer, and histopathological changes in golden hamsters via intranasal and intragastric inoculation methods, with intranasal inoculation leading to faster viral replication. Interestingly, both viral load and viral titer of JN.1 are significantly lower than those of its parental strains BA.2 and XBB EG.5.1. A comparison of hematological data from the two inoculation methods was also consistent with previous findings. This highlights the importance of the infection route in studying the virus's progression and characteristics. In direct transmission studies of JN.1, the minimum time for virus transmission was 24 h, while XBB EG.5.1 could transmit the virus in as little as 6 h. Finally, the in vivo adaptability of JN.1 was investigated, with XBB EG.5.1 showing a more apparent adaptability advantage. Therefore, compared with EG.5.1, the pathogenicity and transmissibility of JN.1 are significantly weakened.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and optimization of a rapid and convenient viral RNA transcript copy reduction neutralization test (VcRNT) for quantification of hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) neutralizing antibodies","authors":"Qiqi Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Wei ,&nbsp;Chuantao Ye ,&nbsp;Jiawei Pei ,&nbsp;Xuemin Pei ,&nbsp;Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yangchao Dong ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongshen Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Yang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Ma ,&nbsp;Linfeng Cheng ,&nbsp;He Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yingfeng Lei ,&nbsp;Zhikai Xu ,&nbsp;Pengbo Yu ,&nbsp;Fanglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rodent-borne orthohantavirus causes severe hemorrhagic fever worldwide, with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Amrerica. In East Asia, Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) is the main pathogen responsible for severe HFRS, with a case fatality rate up to 10 % with no specific treatment available. The antisera or neutralizing antibody (NAb) is able to block virus infection, however, the traditional NAb titer measuring based on focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) is quite labour-extensive and takes 7–10 days. This study aims to shorten the measuring time of NAb neutralization efficiency by 1–2 days based on quantitative RT-PCR. For this purpose, we developed an <em>in vitro</em> transcripted viral RNA standard and generated a viral RNA copy number standard curve. Using this standard curve, we compared the HTNV propagation kinetics between viral RNA copy numbers and secreted infectious virion. The detection limit and suitable timeframe and condition for qRT-PCR based viral RNA copy numbers measuring was also determined. In addition, when applying this method to measuring the NAb neutralization efficiency of HFRS convalescent serum samples, we could obtain the NAb neutralization efficiency within 1 or 2 days. Furthermore, this method was also nicely correlated with the FRNT - based NAb measurement. To conclude, we established a rapid and convenient viral RNA transcripts copy reduction neutralization test (VcRNT) to measure NAb neutralization efficiency that could finish within 1 or 2 days, and provided a reliable and efficient alternative for FRNT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tomato mottle mosaic virus-based vector system for gene function studies in tomato","authors":"Zhi-Yong Yan ,&nbsp;Carlos Kwesi Tettey ,&nbsp;Hua-Yu Ma ,&nbsp;Xiu-Qi Mu ,&nbsp;Jun Jiang ,&nbsp;Chao Geng ,&nbsp;Yan-ping Tian ,&nbsp;Xiao Yin ,&nbsp;Xiang-Dong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant virus-based vectors provide a convenient tool for rapid protein expression and gene function studies. However, there is little research on viral vectors capable of systemically expressing proteins in tomatoes. Here, we substituted the coat protein (<em>CP</em>) gene with <em>GFP</em> gene in a previously constructed tomato mottle mosaic virus (ToMMV; genus <em>Tobamovirus</em>) infectious clone pCBToMMV to produce transiently expressing vectors, which could express <em>GFP</em> in the infiltrated leaves of <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> plants. We then inserted the sub-genomic promoter and <em>CP</em> gene from another tomamovirus tomato mosaic virus downstream of <em>GFP</em> gene to form a vector capable of systemically expressing <em>GFP</em> in both <em>N. benthamiana</em> and <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> plants. The ToMMV-based vector also expressed the MYB-related transcription factor Rosea1, inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis in the systemic leaves of both <em>N. benthamiana</em> and <em>S. lycopersicum</em> plants. Additionally, expressing the <em>bialaphos resistance</em> gene using the ToMMV vector conferred resistance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium in plants. Furthermore, the ToMMV vector successfully expressed a 68 kDa β-glucuronidase in systemic leaves and roots of <em>N. benthamiana</em> and <em>S. lycopersicum</em> plants. This ToMMV-based vector provides a simple and efficient tool for gene function studies in tomatoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding EBV infection and EBV-associated lymphomas in children","authors":"Chabay P","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects over 90 % of the human population, often behaving as a harmless passenger in most hosts. However, since 1997, it has been classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) due to its causal association with several malignancies. Most studies on EBV primary infection and EBV-associated lymphomas have been performed in adults from developed countries. The complex interplay between age of acquisition and symptomatic versus asymptomatic infection is related to the subsequent risk of EBV-associated cancers or autoimmune diseases. This review discusses some characteristics of EBV infection and EBV-associated lymphomas in children from low- and middle-income regions, with a focus on the local immune response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolving landscape of Chandipura virus: A comprehensive account of outbreaks to recent advances","authors":"Disharee Mallick ,&nbsp;Urvashi Yadav ,&nbsp;Megha Gupta ,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chandipura virus (CHPV), a member of the family <em>Rhabdoviridae</em>, has garnered attention due to its significant implications on human health, particularly in India, where it has contributed to encephalitis outbreaks. This review provides a full-spectrum analysis of CHPV, detailing its origin, historical context, and geographical distribution, which primarily spans India and parts of Africa. CHPV is predominantly transmitted through infected sandflies, although alternative transmission routes cannot be overruled. Neurotropism plays a vital role in CHPV-associated pathogenesis, leading to severe neurological ailments, including encephalitis and fatalities among children at a significantly high rate. Current diagnostic approaches for CHPV infection harness molecular biology tools like PCR for viral RNA detection and serological methods to identify antibodies. Effective therapeutic strategies remain limited, with antivirals such as Favipiravir indicating strong prospects in preclinical studies. We also discuss various animal models used in CHPV research, including murine models, offering critical insights into the CHPV pathogenesis and evaluating the efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions. Concisely, this review underscores the significance of robust monitoring and further research to enhance our understanding of CHPV and develop effective strategies for its control and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phycobiliprotein-based reporter assay for the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease activity","authors":"Le Cao ,&nbsp;Shuyuan Shi ,&nbsp;Chaofeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SARS-CoV-2 M^pro is crucial for viral replication and transcription and is highly conserved. Therefore, it is an ideal target for developing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. To address resistance to existing drugs caused by mutations, a simple and sensitive method for detecting the activity of M^pro is needed. Considering the excellent fluorescence properties of phycobiliproteins, this study developed a phycobiliprotein-based reporter assay to evaluate M^pro activity. An engineered lyase was generated by inserting the M^pro recognition sequence between the phycobiliprotein lyases CpcF and CpcE. To ensure that the binding of CpcE and CpcF depended on the linker, a series of truncated forms were constructed. Among them, the activity of CpcE/F-10 was significantly reduced in the presence of M^pro; however, both genetic and chemical inhibition of M^pro activity reversed these results. These data indicated that the fluorescence of phycobiliproteins was negatively correlated with M^pro activity. The reporter assay developed here will contribute to determining the impact of M^pro mutations and screening for new inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging variants of Mpox virus and tecovirimat resistance: Genomic insights and implications for treatment strategies","authors":"Santenna Chenchula ,&nbsp;Shubham Atal ,&nbsp;Mohan Krishna Ghanta ,&nbsp;Chakradhara Rao Uppugunduri ,&nbsp;Shriraam Karunakaran ,&nbsp;Krishna Chaitanya Amerneni ,&nbsp;Phulen Sarma ,&nbsp;Satya Prakash ,&nbsp;Lakshmi Sahitya Amerneni ,&nbsp;R. Padmavathi ,&nbsp;K. Anitha ,&nbsp;T. Sai Varshini ,&nbsp;K. Vishnu Vardhan ,&nbsp;Shilpa Kaore ,&nbsp;Balakrishnan Sadasivam","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mpox is a zoonotic viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) genus Orthopoxvirus. The MPXV, possesses a large and complex double-stranded DNA genome, encoding approximately 190 genes. The virus has gained attention due to recent outbreaks and the emergence of resistant variants. MPXV exists in two distinct clades: Central African (Clade I) and West African (Clade II), with Clade I being more virulent. Genomic surveillance has revealed significant mutations across MPXV lineages, with Clade IIb, responsible for the 2022 outbreak, exhibiting rapid adaptation through APOBEC3-mediated deamination associated with sustained human-to-human transmission. The recent outbreak of highly mutated Clade 1b MPXV (hMpox-1) strain was associated with increased human-to-human transmission, underscoring the importance of monitoring viral mutations to track diversity and identify resistance to antiviral therapies. Tecovirimat, an antiviral drug authorized for treating Mpox, targets the F13L protein involved in viral egress. However, the rise of MPXV variants resistant to tecovirimat, linked to mutations in the <em>F13L</em> gene, presents a growing challenge. Mutations in the <em>F13L</em> gene, such as H238Q, A288P, A290V, D294V, P243S, N267D, A295E, I372N, and A184T, have been linked to resistance, reducing tecovirimat's efficacy. Therefore, understanding the Clade-specific mutation patterns and genomic adaptations offers crucial insights into the mechanisms driving resistant variant emergence to inform targeted therapeutic and vaccine development strategies, ensuring effective containment of future Mpox outbreaks. This review highlights the genomic diversity of MPXV, its implications for antiviral resistance, and strategies to enhance treatment effectiveness, particularly in vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of endocytic pathways during entry of RNA viruses reveal novel host proteins as lipid raft dependent endocytosis mediators","authors":"Dileep Kumar Verma,&nbsp;Sakshi Chaudhary,&nbsp;Sujatha Sunil","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2025.110531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entry of viruses inside host cell after successful attachment is an essential step to ensure its genome replication and progeny production using host cell machinery. Targeting viral entry has been proven an effective therapeutic approach to prevent or treat viral infections. Viruses exploit different operational ligand entry routes to gain entry inside the host cell. Host membrane rafts are crucial for membrane mediated events such as ligand binding and internalization, signaling and pathogen entry. However, those host proteins involved in this phenomenon and molecular mechanism of this mode of endocytosis has not yet been elucidated. In present study, we investigated raft-dependent endocytosis as a major route for host cell entry for three different enveloped viruses viz. SARS-CoV-2, DENV and CHIKV. Subsequently, we performed quantitative global proteomics of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells at the time of virus entry and during peak viral infection and compared proteomic changes with uninfected control. Subsequently, we implemented pathway enrichment of differentially regulated host proteins and identified regulated cellular pathways during different stages of infection. Finally, we investigated the role of selected proteins identified as significantly regulated through proteome analysis along with some of those proteins previously reported to be involved in any mode of endocytosis, in the raft-dependent endocytosis using inhibitor assay and further validated their role in viral entry through loss-of-function assays. Our results confirm that enveloped viruses exploit the raft-dependent endocytosis as a major route for host cell entry. We further report novel host cell proteins that participate as mediators of raft-dependent endocytosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23666,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"608 ","pages":"Article 110531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}