Regulatory T cell infiltration precedes early events associated with persistent infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection in the cecal tonsils of chickens

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Virology Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2025.110691

Sufna M. Suhail, Ishara M. Isham, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Azhar, Ahmed Ali, Motamed E. Mahmoud, Awais Ghaffar, Heshanthi Herath Mudiyansalage, Susan C. Cork, Ashish Gupta, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a contagious respiratory disease in chickens caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). While initially affecting the respiratory tract, IBV has evolved to infect other body systems. Notably, the Delmarva (DMV)/1639 genotype of IBV has been shown to persist in the cecal tonsils (CT), potentially facilitating viral transmission to naïve birds. This study aimed to uncover the early immunological mechanisms leading up to IBV persistence in the CT, compared to the spleen and to evaluate the persistence patterns among different genotypes of IBV.

An animal experiment was conducted using three IBV genotypes, with samples collected at 3, 8, 10, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Across all IBV infected groups, viral genome loads were significantly higher in the CT than that in the spleen. Recruitment of B cells and cluster of differentiation (CD)8⁺ T cells, crucial for viral clearance, was significantly lower in the CT. Regulatory T (Treg) cells—which suppress immune responses via interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β—were expected to peak early, their abundance in the CT was significantly higher only at the later time points. Among all genotypes, DMV/1639 exhibited increased potential for persistence in the CT associated with higher levels of Treg cells and viral genome load at 14 dpi.

These findings suggest that delayed Treg cell infiltration, reduced effector cell recruitment, and a suppressive cytokine environment may precede to IBV persistence in the CT. Further studies are needed to explore the potential role of anti-inflammatory cytokines and other immunological factors in IBV persistence in the CT.

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调节性T细胞浸润先于鸡盲肠扁桃体持续性传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）感染相关的早期事件。

传染性支气管炎（IB）是由传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）引起的鸡传染性呼吸道疾病。虽然最初影响呼吸道，但IBV已经进化到感染其他身体系统。值得注意的是，IBV的Delmarva (DMV)/1639基因型已被证明在盲肠扁桃体（CT）中持续存在，可能促进病毒向naïve鸟类传播。本研究旨在揭示导致IBV在CT和脾脏中持续存在的早期免疫学机制，并评估不同基因型IBV的持续模式。采用三种IBV基因型进行动物实验，分别于感染后3、8、10和14天采集样本。在所有IBV感染组中，CT中的病毒基因组载量明显高于脾脏中的病毒基因组载量。在CT中，对病毒清除至关重要的B细胞和8+ T细胞的募集明显减少。通过白细胞介素(IL)-10和转化生长因子(TGF)-β抑制免疫反应的调节性T （Treg）细胞预计会在早期达到峰值，其在CT中的丰度仅在较晚的时间点才显着升高。在所有基因型中，DMV/1639在CT中表现出更高的持久性潜力，这与14 dpi时更高水平的Treg细胞和病毒基因组载量有关。这些结果表明，延迟Treg细胞浸润、减少效应细胞募集和抑制细胞因子环境可能是IBV在CT中持续存在的原因。抗炎细胞因子和其他免疫因子在IBV CT持续性中的潜在作用有待进一步研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Virology 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

6.00

自引率

0.00%

发文量

157

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： Launched in 1955, Virology is a broad and inclusive journal that welcomes submissions on all aspects of virology including plant, animal, microbial and human viruses. The journal publishes basic research as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies of vaccines, anti-viral drugs and their development, anti-viral therapies, and computational studies of virus infections. Any submission that is of broad interest to the community of virologists/vaccinologists and reporting scientifically accurate and valuable research will be considered for publication, including negative findings and multidisciplinary work.Virology is open to reviews, research manuscripts, short communication, registered reports as well as follow-up manuscripts.