Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Salmonella adaptation in response to phage treatment in broiler chickens.","authors":"Lorna Agapé, Pierrette Menanteau, Florent Kempf, Madeline Morinet, Marianne Nicolas, Olivier Boulesteix, Mickaël Riou, Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant, Catherine Schouler, Philippe Velge","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01589-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01589-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella constitutes a significant public health threat due to its widespread association with foodborne diseases, particularly those associated with contaminated poultry products. In this context, phage therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to control these infections. However, the natural emergence of phage-insensitive bacterial strains poses challenges for the efficacy of phage therapy. Understanding the adaptive response of Salmonella to phages in vivo is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the adaptive responses of Salmonella to phages-induced challenges, deciphers the underlying mechanisms and analyzes their in vivo consequences. Following repeated administrations of a six-phage cocktail in chickens, a panel of 145 random Salmonella isolates was recovered and characterized. Among these, 48% exhibited reduced sensitivity to a single phage from the phage cocktail, without evidence of cross-resistance; the vast majority of isolates remained susceptible to other phages. We identified two distinct bacterial adaptation profiles both associated with modifications in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, which appears as the phage receptor. The first profile displayed a complete resistance phenotype resulting in a rough-type Salmonella due to a genetic mutation in the rfbD gene involved in LPS biosynthesis. The second profile exhibited a transient and partial resistance phenotype, due to increased LPS glucosylation, likely associated to phase variation. This phenomenon leads to coexistence of phages and bacteria within the host. Furthermore, we highlighted that these modifications could in part impair Salmonella's ability to colonize the gut. Overall, our findings suggest that phage-induced evolutionary pressure may be harnessed not only to control bacterial populations but also to attenuate their pathogenicity. Therefore, bacterial resistance what is often view as a limitation of phage therapy may be leveraged as a functional advantage in phage cocktail design.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"167"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trained immunity in farm animals.","authors":"Marisol Báez-Magaña, Nayeli Alva-Murillo, Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa, Joel Edmundo López-Meza","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01594-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01594-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms that enable the innate defence system to \"remember its enemies\" have opened a new field in immunology, and the evolutionary links among the various defence mechanisms are now being uncovered. In humans, advances in trained immunity have improved our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and broadened the search for new vaccines and treatments as alternatives to antimicrobial drugs. Similarly, veterinary medicine continues to seek strategies to safeguard animal safety, health, and welfare. Animal protein is obtained from meat, milk, or its derivatives, and eggs. Farms play a crucial economic and ecological role, and are a priority for ensuring global food security. The main farm animals used to obtain protein are cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, fish, and shrimp. Understanding the mechanisms underlying trained immunity in these intensive production systems will deepen our knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and support the development of more effective disease control strategies. It is therefore essential to ensure animal productivity, health, and well-being, as well as to minimise the environmental impact of these intensive production systems through more sustainable practices. This review examines advances in trained and primed immunity in farm animals and discusses the future of trained immunity in the farming sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: PorV factor of the type IX secretion system and PosF porin act as adhesins in Riemerella anatipestifer infection.","authors":"Sen Li, Yanhua Wang, Congran Ning, Rongkun Yang, Yaxin Wu, Xu Cheng, Keke Ren, Minghua Huang, Xiong Liu, Naiji Zhou, Wanpo Zhang, Sishun Hu, Yuncai Xiao, Zili Li, Hongbo Zhou, Zhengfei Liu, Zutao Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01584-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01584-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"165"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in nanogels in veterinary medicine.","authors":"Maria Laura Soriano Pérez, Maria Carolina Flores Bracamonte, Romina Bellingeri, Fabrisio Alustiza, Maria Molina","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01576-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01576-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanogels, a promising class of nanomaterials, have emerged as versatile platforms in veterinary medicine and have shown substantial progress in recent years. This review outlines the key developments and potential applications of nanogels in veterinary therapeutics. It provides an in-depth discussion of critical factors influencing nanogel implementation, including synthesis, biocompatibility, biodegradability, clinical translation, and technological considerations. Approaches to nanogel-based vaccines and drug-delivery systems are examined, with particular emphasis on the mucosal route of administration, given its relevance in livestock. Finally, the integration of nanogels into the One Health framework is considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M. caprae in northern Italy: a comprehensive analysis through whole-genome sequencing on the genetic variability in bovine herds.","authors":"Cristina Bertasio, Valentina Carta, Giovanni Parisio, Mariagrazia Zanoni, Marco Tamba, Laura Mazzera, Erika Scaltriti, Maria Lodovica Pacciarini, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Daniel Polzer, Annette Nigsch, Romana Steinparzer, Maria Beatrice Boniotti","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01585-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01585-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium (M.) bovis and M. caprae are the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which is still a concern due to its health implications and economic impact. Although M. caprae is less prevalent than M. bovis among bovine tuberculosis cases, it has a significant impact on animal health especially in Europe, where it has been isolated from a range of hosts. Starting from spoligotyping and the MIRU-VNTR profile specifically associated with the Lechtal subgroup we decided to process a selection of Italian M. caprae isolates using whole genome sequencing (WGS) to define the phylogenetic relationships between isolates and deepen the understanding of this public health issue. In this study, 20 outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis caused by M. caprae in northern Italy were retrospectively investigated by interpreting and validating WGS results with available epidemiological information. Genomes of 34 Italian strains, with a known and traditionally typed genotype, isolated between 2001 and 2022 from 21 bovine farms, with 12 isolates from Austria, were analyzed focusing on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) to derive evolutionary relationships, pairing with the tracing of infections, suggested by the epidemiological contacts. The results outline possible connections between outbreaks, which caused the spread of the infection, obtaining two clusters differing by 6-16 SNP pairwise, overlapping with the territory distribution of the herds between two different Italian regions. Epidemiological information and phylogeny revealed that M. caprae was probably introduced in northern Italy from Austria and/or Germany, through separate and independent events for the two Italian clusters. The complex approach of integrating WGS data with epidemiological information proved to be useful in delineating likely transmission chains and identifying the possible sources of infection, showing how NGS is a powerful tool to support epidemiological investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the consensus VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) protects pigs against pseudorabies virus and PPV1.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Tian, Haojie Wang, Hao Song, Ziyi Wei, Xulong Zhu, Guoqing Liu, Mingxia Sun, Xinyi Huang, Meng Chen, Yandong Tang, Haiwei Wang, Yongbo Yang, Tongqing An","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01592-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01592-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine parvovirus type 1 (PPV1) are major pathogens that cause reproductive disorders in sows, and mixed infections are frequently detected on pig farms. In this study, a recombinant PRV (rPRV-VP2) based on a PRV variant (HLJ8) was constructed to express the PPV1 VP2 protein. To ensure safety, four virulence genes (TK, gE, gI, and UL39) of PRV HLJ8 were deleted, followed by further evaluation of safety and immunogenicity in piglets. The PPV1 VP2 expression cassette was inserted into the gE/gI deletion site, enabling successful expression of the VP2 protein, which exhibited hemagglutination activity with a titre of 1:64. Animal experiments demonstrated that rPRV-VP2 elicited robust antibody responses against both PRV and PPV1, providing complete protection in both mice and piglets. Compared with commercial PRV and PPV1 vaccines, rPRV-VP2 conferred comparable or superior protection, resulting in not only no clinical symptoms but also significantly reduced viral loads in tissues. The deletion of the gE gene can distinguish wild-type virus infection from vaccine immunity in clinical applications. Overall, rPRV-VP2 offers a safe and effective strategy for dual protection against PRV and PPV1, reducing vaccination costs in pig production.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucuronolactone improves lung injury caused by PRRSV and DON co-challenge by enhancing the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant capacity in weaning piglets.","authors":"Jing Hou, Chenbin Cui, Jing Wu, Min Tian, Qi Lu, Shilong Liu, Guohao Ye, Chaoyang Tian, Jiaxi Tang, Kaiguo Gao, Li Wang, Zongyong Jiang, Yueqin Qiu, Xuefen Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01596-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01596-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the pig industry, both deoxynivalenol (DON) challenge and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection can negatively impact the growth performance of pigs, thereby impairing the healthy development of the industry. Glucuronolactone (GLU) has been shown to be a potent antioxidant that helps alleviate oxidative stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of GLU on oxidative stress and lung injury induced by co-challenge with PRRSV and DON. Eighteen weaned piglets were randomly divided into three groups: control (CON), DON, and DON + GLU. After DON and/or GLU treatment for two weeks, all pigs were intramuscularly injected with PRRSV and treated with DON and/or GLU for another three weeks. Three weeks post-PRRSV infection, piglets in the DON group exhibited impaired growth performance, severe lung injury, and elevated viral loads. By contrast, piglets in the DON + GLU group showed improved growth performance and lung health, as well as reduced viral loads. GLU also inhibited inflammation, excessive autophagy and apoptosis induced by PRRSV and DON co-challenge in both porcine lung and MARC-145 cells, as indicated by reduced expression of pro-inflammatory factors, autophagy marker LC3, and apoptosis-related markers. Importantly, GLU can promote the phosphorylation and nuclear import of Nrf2, thereby enhancing antioxidant capacity and alleviating oxidative stress induced by PRRSV and DON co-challenge. Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 abolished the protective effect of GLU on inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by PRRSV and DON co-challenge. These findings suggest that GLU could mitigate oxidative stress to alleviate lung injury induced by PRRSV and DON co-challenge via activating the Nrf2 pathway, highlighting its potential as a dietary supplement in the pig industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12326727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144790184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Atypical Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 12 strains with a higher virulence potential.","authors":"Antony T Vincent, Sonia Lacouture, Guillaume St-Jean, Rodrigo Tapia, Servane Payen, Michiha Kon, Joachim Frey, Ho To, Marcelo Gottschalk","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01597-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01597-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An engineered antimicrobial peptide Z-FV7 demonstrates bactericidal efficacy against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in a murine model of endometritis.","authors":"Jieru Su, Hao Yang, Siyu Wang, Xue Wang, Wei Li, Wenwen Meng, Jiajun Sun, Yaohong Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01593-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01593-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endometritis is a common reproductive disorder in dairy cows, with antibiotics being the primary treatment option. However, the overuse of antibiotics has contributed to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been widely studied for their ability to kill bacteria and modulate immune responses. Previous research has focused on modifying natural AMPs extracted from Zophabas atratus haemolymph; however, these peptides have displayed limited effectiveness against bacteria. To overcome this limitation, researchers engineered a modified AMP, Z-FV7, by incorporating the sequence of the human-derived AMP LL-37. The resulting peptide demonstrated a favourable safety profile, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reduced to 32 μg/mL and improved antibacterial activity against pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Z-FV7 was tested in a bovine uterine epithelial cell model infected with Escherichia coli and in a murine model of endometritis. The findings showed that Z-FV7 alleviated clinical symptoms, inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway induced by drug-resistant E. coli, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and promoted the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1 and ZO-1). These results indicated that Z-FV7 can help reduce uterine inflammation and provide therapeutic outcomes similar to those of antibiotics during E. coli infection. Overall, Z-FV7 holds promise as a potential alternative to antibiotics for treating endometriosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144718772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the infectivity of three porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variants.","authors":"Claudio Marcello Melini, Mariana Kikuti, Montserrat Torremorell, Kimberly VanderWaal, Stephanie Rossow, Jerry Torrison, Cesar A Corzo","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01591-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01591-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to burden the US swine industry significantly. In some instances, the virus evaded biosecurity measures, remaining viable in sufficient concentrations to cause an outbreak. Little is known about differences in infectivity among viral variants. In this study, we compared the infectivity of three PRRSV variants by estimating the median infectious dose (ID₅₀) and minimum infectious dose (MID), while also characterizing nasal and rectal shedding patterns and histologic lesions. Groups of six individually housed pigs were intranasally inoculated with 2 mL of five different concentrations (10⁰ to 10⁴ TCID₅₀/mL) of inoculum per variant. Blood, rectal, and nasal swabs were collected at different time points up to 28 days post-inoculation (dpi) and tested via RT-PCR. Two animals per group were euthanized on 11 dpi and tissue samples were assessed by histopathology. The estimated ID₅₀ based on serum RT-PCR positive pigs at 4 dpi was 10^2.6 TCID₅₀/mL (95% CI 10^2.0, 10^3.2) for the L9A variant, 10^2.3 TCID₅₀/mL (95% CI 10^1.6, 10^3.0) for the L1A variant, and 10^1.3 TCID₅₀/mL (95% CI 10^0.4, 10^2.2) for variant L1C.5. No apparent differences were observed in shedding patterns among tested groups. However, the amount of lesions caused by variant L1C.5 was more extensive compared to those infected with the other two variants. Based on our findings, the L1C.5. variant required fewer infectious units to infect half of the inoculated pigs and resulted in more microscopic lesions confirming that PRRSV variants exhibit different levels of infectivity, virulence, and pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}