Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic role of lipid metabolism in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Fanhua Meng, Lu Li, Guoping Liu, Qi Tian, Yiyi Liu, Tao Li, Langyu Gu, Jie Gong, Chunxia Liu, Xin Wen, Fang Wan, Hongmei Xiao, Yingchun Liu, Shenyuan Wang, Junwei Cao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01762-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01762-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious animal disease caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), primarily affecting cloven-hoofed animals such as swine, cattle, and sheep. As a core metabolic pathway for maintaining cellular homeostasis, lipid metabolism is frequently hijacked by viruses via metabolic reprogramming mechanisms to support their infection cycle. Studies have demonstrated that positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses can reshape the host cell membrane system and modulate the lipid metabolic network, thereby constructing a favorable microenvironment for their invasion and replication. However, the molecular mechanisms by which FMDV-also a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus-promotes viral replication through the regulation of lipid metabolism remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we found that inhibiting the key enzymes involved in the lipid metabolic pathway could significantly suppress FMDV proliferation. Exogenous supplementation of the downstream products catalyzed by these key enzymes notably restored FMDV replication, indicating that FMDV replication is dependent on lipids. Furthermore, we observed a significant upregulation in the protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) in host cells following FMDV infection. Inhibition of this enzyme led to a marked reduction in FMDV replication, suggesting that FMDV may enhance the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway to supply energy for its replication. In conclusion, this study comprehensively verified the critical role of lipid metabolism in FMDV replication through multidimensional assays involving the administration of inhibitors targeting key enzymes in the lipid metabolic pathway. These findings provide novel theoretical insights for the development of antiviral drugs and the prevention and control of FMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal listeriosis in Germany: An update for the current situation over 2 years (2024-2025) and the need for a surveillance system in the animal health sector.","authors":"Gamal Wareth, Sven Halbedel, Heinrich Neubauer","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01755-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01755-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal listeriosis is a sporadic bacterial infection caused by Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. In Germany, only listeriosis caused by L. monocytogenes is considered a notifiable disease. The objective of this report is to analyze official surveillance data on animal listeriosis in Germany from 2024 to 2025 to assess the epidemiological situation and the spatiotemporal distribution of this One Health relevant disease. A total of 341 notifications involving 652 affected animals were reported. The highest number of cases occurred in food-producing animals, particularly cattle, followed by sheep and goats. Listeriosis has also been reported in pet animals, wildlife, and poultry. The epidemiological situation and geographical distribution of the disease have remained consistent over the past decade, with the highest incidences in Berlin, Bavaria, and Baden-Wuerttemberg. Listeriae cause disease in a broad range of hosts nationwide. Monitoring listeriosis in animals is crucial for public health and the safety of the food supply. Systematic collection of animal isolates is essential to understand transmission from environmental reservoirs to humans-a currently puzzling link. This knowledge is vital for protecting human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant proteins expressed in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis enhance antibody-based detection of bovine tuberculosis.","authors":"Eomseob Jang, Kilhan Kwak, Norikazu Isoda, Kazuhiro Matsuo, Jeewan Thapa, Chie Nakajima, Yasuhiko Suzuki","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01743-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01743-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, is a zoonosis that threatens public health and causes substantial economic losses in livestock. The suboptimal Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins limit the diagnostic performance of current bTB serological tests. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated Mycolicibacterium smegmatis as an expression host capable of producing recombinant antigens with post-translational modifications comparable to those of M. bovis. Ten antigen candidates were individually expressed in E. coli using the pET-26b( +) vector and in M. smegmatis using the pSOΔBam vector. Their diagnostic performance was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with plasma samples from interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)-negative (n = 30) and -positive (n = 46) cattle in South Korea, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Among the single antigens, LprA expressed in M. smegmatis demonstrated diagnostic performance comparable to that of the well-established antigen MPB70 (sensitivity: 50.0%, specificity: 96.6%, AUC: 0.791). In addition, several M. smegmatis-derived antigens showed higher concordance with the IGRA results, as assessed by Cohen's kappa and Fisher's exact tests, and a stronger association between age and antigen-specific antibody responses was observed among IGRA-positive cattle. Moreover, a multiple logistic regression model incorporating eight antigens, including those derived from both hosts, achieved high predictive accuracy for IGRA results (sensitivity: 87.0%, specificity: 100%, AUC: 0.991). These findings suggest that M. smegmatis is a promising host for identifying novel antigens and that a multi-host strategy may improve bTB serodiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SSU_RS09155, a virulence-associated gene encoding a putative membrane of unknown function, that is essential for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 virulence.","authors":"Servane Payen, Sonia Lacouture, Nahuel Fittipaldi, Mariela Segura, Marcelo Gottschalk","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01761-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01761-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and zoonotic agent, with the capsular polysaccharide recognized as its major virulence factor. Recent genomic studies have identified several virulence-associated genes (VAGs), including SSU_RS09155, SSU_RS09525, and SSU_RS03100, as potential markers of pathogenicity. The current study evaluated the direct contribution of these genes to S. suis virulence using isogenic deletion mutants of the serotype 2 reference strain P1/7. In a murine infection model, ΔSSU_RS09525 and ΔSSU_RS03100 mutants displayed virulence comparable to the parental strain, whereas the ΔSSU_RS09155 mutant was significantly attenuated, showing reduced mortality and bacteremia. In vitro, the ΔSSU_RS09155 mutant demonstrated increased susceptibility to killing in whole blood and enhanced phagocytosis by murine macrophages, while no significant defects in capsular polysaccharide (CPS) expression or growth in rich medium and mouse and porcine plasma were observed. Complementation restored the resistance to the whole-blood killing phenotype, confirming the specific role of SSU_RS09155. Adhesion to and invasion of porcine tracheal epithelial cells were unaffected. In pigs, the natural host, the ΔSSU_RS09155 mutant was almost completely avirulent, with minimal to undetectable bacteremia. In silico analysis suggested that SSU_RS09155 encodes a hydrophobic, membrane-associated protein potentially involved in resistance to innate immune mechanisms, although the real function remains unknown. Together, these findings identify SSU_RS09155 as a critical virulence factor in S. suis serotype 2, whereas SSU_RS09525 and SSU_RS03100 appear dispensable under the experimental conditions tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling cell dynamic changes of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells after Pasteurella multocida infection with single-cell transcriptomics and histopathology.","authors":"Qi An, Taoyu Chen, Junming Jiang, Hui Wu, Guansheng Wu, Zizhuo Jiao, Shiyuan Li, Yong Meng, Jiayang Tang, Yuanyuan Chen, Haoju Pan, Hong Li, Zhenxing Zhang, Yiwen Cheng, Yujing Fu, Zijing Huang, Riga Manchu, Qiaoling Chen, Fengyang Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01661-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01661-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) represent a critical component of the immune system, orchestrating both cellular and humoral responses while maintaining immunological homeostasis. This study investigates the PBMC immune response to Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) infection in goats using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). PBMCs from goats before and after P. multocida infection were used for scRNA-seq), and pathological examinations were performed on different tissues of the infected hosts. Results demonstrated that recombinase polymerase amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) detected P. multocida in peripheral blood and lungs, with histopathology confirming lesions. A total of 42 615 cells were annotated as nine cell subgroups, revealed dynamic alterations in immune cell populations, including significant increase in B cells and monocytes alongside decreased T cells and megakaryocytes post-infection. Further analysis identified 48 differentially expressed genes consistently modulated across comparison groups, with significant enrichment in immune-related Gene Ontology (GO) terms, as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including IL-17 signaling pathway and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Pseudotime trajectory uncovered four B cell and two T cell differentiation lineages. Inter-cell communication exhibited enhanced activity post-infection. Integration with RNA-seq data revealed key genes (IL1R2, RBM34, EDEM3, and MZB1) potentially critical in early infection. These findings substantially advance the understanding of PBMCs-mediated immune responses during the early stage of P. multocida infection in goats, identifying key genes and immune pathways. The study not only provides valuable insights into goat immunology but also establishes a foundation for developing improved diagnostic tools and targeted therapeutic interventions against this economically significant pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13154703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incomplete protection of the K₂₂₂ polymorphism of the prion protein gene after intracerebral exposure to caprine BSE in goats: preliminary follow-up in S₁₂₇ carriers.","authors":"Diego Sola, José-Luis Pitarch, Belén Marín, Helen-Caroline Raksa, Alicia Otero, Francis Barillet, Frederic Bouvier, Rosa Bolea, Alex Bossers, Olivier Andreoletti, Jan Langeveld, Juan-José Badiola, Cristina Acín","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01760-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01760-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among small ruminants, natural bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has been confirmed only in goats, raising concern about the possible entry of caprine BSE into the food chain. Genetic selection for PRNP alleles associated with resistance to classical scrapie, particularly K₂₂₂ and S₁₂₇, has been proposed as a control strategy, but their effect on caprine BSE is unclear. Nine Alpine goats carrying different PRNP genotypes at codons ₂₂₂ (Q/Q, Q/K, K/K) and ₁₂₇ (G/G, G/S) were intracerebrally inoculated with a second-passage caprine BSE isolate and monitored until terminal disease or censoring. Brain and selected peripheral tissues were examined for PrP^Sc by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and conformation-dependent immunoassay, and lesion severity and PrP^Sc distribution were compared among genotypes. All goats lacking the S₁₂₇ allele developed clinical disease with widespread PrP^Sc accumulation in the central nervous system. Compared with Q/Q₂₂₂ goats, Q/K₂₂₂ and K/K₂₂₂ goats showed longer incubation periods and lower overall PrP^Sc and vacuolation scores, although disease still occurred in both genotypes after intracerebral challenge. Two G/S₁₂₇ goats, one Q/Q₂₂₂ and one Q/K₂₂₂, remained clinically healthy and biopsy-negative at > 1400 days post-inoculation, but were right-censored because they were alive at last follow-up and had not undergone post mortem examination. PrP^Sc was also variably detected in lymphoreticular tissues and in the enteric and peripheral nervous systems, irrespective of genotype. Under these stringent challenge conditions, K₂₂₂ delays disease onset but does not confer complete resistance. The prolonged survival of S₁₂₇ carriers remains a preliminary, censored observation requiring post mortem confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii-derived extracellular vesicles modulate gut microbiota metabolites and macrophage-related immune responses against Salmonella Typhimurium infection.","authors":"Yi Wu, Keyuan Chen, Ting Hu, Yaoyao Luo, Yue Zhang, Guiyan Yang, Jiufeng Wang, Yaohong Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01750-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01750-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella Typhimurium is a significant pathogen causing diarrhea in weaned piglets, capable of triggering systemic inflammation and severe intestinal damage. As bioactive components of gut microbiota, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Lactobacillus johnsonii (Lj-EVs) are likely to penetrate the intestinal mucus layer and reach host cells, potentially mediating host-microbiome interactions. Here, we found that Lj-EVs improved the intestinal barrier and attenuated intestinal injury in mice infected with S. Typhimurium. Multi-omics analysis showed that Lj-EVs intervention enriched mucin-utilizing Akkermansia. Moreover, Lj-EVs were associated with metabolic alterations, characterized by enhanced oxidative phosphorylation during homeostasis and suppression of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis during infection. Proteomic profiling showed that Lj-EVs enriched functional proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation, indicating their potential immunomodulatory role. Notably, Lj-EVs modulated macrophage-mediated immune responses, contributing to limiting bacterial dissemination and alleviating intestinal inflammation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Lj-EVs alleviate Salmonella infection by reducing bacterial burden and confer metabolic and immunomodulatory benefits. These findings provide new evidence for future investigation of the protective roles of probiotic vesicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative comparative genomics and transcriptomics reveal key roles of SAG17 and SAG23 in early-stage virulence divergence of Eimeria tenella.","authors":"Ye He, Xiang Wan, Xuan Wang, Ying Chen, Dan He, Yongmei Yu, Shunping Dong, Mingjie Wu, Liting Cao, Bi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01730-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01730-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eimeria tenella is one of the major pathogens threatening the poultry industry. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the divergence of virulence among geographic strains remain poorly understood. In this study, clinical phenotypes, histopathology, cytokine assays, whole-genome resequencing, and transcriptome analyses were integrated to systematically compare the Beijing and Guizhou strains. The results showed that infection with the Guizhou strain caused more severe clinical symptoms and intestinal lesions in chickens, accompanied by stronger interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α responses. Genomic variation analysis revealed abundant nonsynonymous and promoter mutations in the surface antigen (SAG) membrane protein family of the Guizhou strain, and transcriptomic data further confirmed high sporozoite-stage expression of SAG5, SAG13, SAG17, and SAG23, which strongly correlated with virulence phenotypes. Functional validation demonstrated that the recombinant SAG17 and SAG23 proteins significantly inhibited invasion by the E. tenella sporozoites and enhanced levels of the host's interferon (IFN)-γ and immunoglobulin G (IgG), with SAG17 showed stronger immunostimulatory effects than SAG23. Collectively, this study identified SAG17 and SAG23 as key molecules driving virulence divergence of E. tenella geographic strains, providing molecular evidence for the mechanisms of parasite virulence and highlighting important targets for the development of novel vaccines and anticoccidial drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking pathogen-related markers with eDNA in natural areas: how environmental factors shape surveillance strategies.","authors":"Alberto Perelló, Camilla Smoglica, Carlos González-Crespo, Marta Pérez-Sancho, David González-Barrio, Carmen Herranz, Alejandro Dashti, Sergio Sánchez, David Carmena, Amir Reza Varzandi, Ezio Ferroglio, Lucas Domínguez, Beatriz Martínez-López, Christian Gortázar","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01746-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-026-01746-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The wildlife-livestock-environment interface is a complex system with implications for biodiversity and diseases. Environmental nucleic acid detection (ENAD) is a non-invasive method for monitoring DNA/RNA from microorganisms, meiofauna, and hosts. However, how environmental variables influence ENAD in heterogeneous geographic contexts remains poorly explored. In this study, 18 sites were evaluated in Iberian Peninsula, collecting 10 surface sponge samples per site and a total of 146 environmental fecal samples to investigate how environmental, mammal community and wildlife health variables may influence ENAD, using different pathogen-related markers as the study model. Differences in ENAD were assessed among sponge sampling methods and between sponge and fecal samples. The results show that environmental characteristics influence ENAD, at least for pathogen-related markers and at larger geographic scales. Greater pathogen marker diversity and richness was observed at higher latitudes. Most markers found in feces were also detectable in surface sponges. Combining different sponge sampling methodologies provided the best overall coverage of detectable environmental DNA. A predictive map linking ENAD in sponges to environmental factors was developed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium infections in animals across Asia (2015-2025): a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, host range, geographic distribution, and molecular epidemiology.","authors":"Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed, Sonia Boughattas, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Huma Khan, Simuzar Mamedova, Ardra Panavoor Namboodiri, Frederick R Masangkay, Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01722-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01722-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cryptosporidium spp. is a globally significant protozoan parasite with profound implications for animals, humans, and environmental health. Despite extensive research, its distribution, prevalence, and diversity across Asia remain fragmented. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on studies published between 2015 and 2025, incorporating 329 investigations from 29 Asian countries and analyzing 142,484 animal specimens. Pooled prevalence was calculated, and molecular epidemiological data were synthesized to characterize species distribution and subtype diversity. The overall pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium among  animals across Asia was 12%, with the highest prevalence reported in West Asia (19.8%). Infections were most frequent in livestock (13.1%), followed by wildlife (9.1%), reflecting the parasite's expanding host range. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of > 74 species and 71 subtypes, with C. parvum (n = 93), C. andersoni (n = 55), C. bovis (n = 43), and C. ryanae (n = 40) being the most frequently reported. C. parvum demonstrated the broadest host spectrum, detected in > 37 animal species, with subtype family IId (n = 49) prevalent in > 22 hosts, underscoring its epidemiological importance. Over the past decade, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and its host diversity has increased significantly across Asia, accompanied by marked genetic heterogeneity. These findings provide critical insights into transmission dynamics and regional hotspots. This synthesis highlights the urgent need for coordinated surveillance and a \"One Health Strategy\" to mitigate the risks posed by this adaptable and widespread pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147782806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}