Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease: genomic and proteomic structure, antigenic sites, serotype relationships, immune evasion, recent vaccine development strategies, and future perspectives.","authors":"Alyaa Elrashedy, Mohamed Nayel, Akram Salama, Ahmed Zaghawa, Rehan M El-Shabasy, Mohamed E Hasan","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01485-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01485-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and transmissible disease that can have significant economic and trade repercussions during outbreaks. In Egypt, despite efforts to mitigate FMD through mandatory immunization, the disease continues to pose a threat due to the high genetic variability and quasi-species nature of the FMD virus (FMDV). Vaccines have been crucial in preventing and managing FMD, and ongoing research focusses on developing next-generation vaccines that could provide universal protection against all FMDV serotypes. This review thoroughly examines the genetic structure of FMDV, including its polyprotein cleavage process and the roles of its structural and non-structural proteins in immune evasion. Additionally, it explores topics such as antigenic sites, specific mutations, and serotype relationships from Egypt and Ethiopia, as well as the structural changes in FMDV serotypes for vaccine development. The review also addresses the challenges associated with creating effective vaccines for controlling FMD, particularly focusing on the epitope-based vaccine. Overall, this review offers valuable insights for researchers seeking to develop effective strategies and vaccines for controlling FMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an electrostatic precipitator in mitigating the transmission of airborne viruses in experimentally infected pigs.","authors":"Lan Wang, José Morán, My Yang, Bernard A Olson, Christopher J Hogan, Montserrat Torremorell","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01503-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01503-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Airborne viruses spread rapidly in animal premises, which makes them difficult to contain. Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are air cleaning devices that charge airborne particles and electrophoretically deposit them on collection surfaces, thereby removing them from an airstream. We evaluated the effect of a single-stage wire-plate ESP on mitigating airborne transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), using experimentally infected pigs. Inoculated pigs were placed in isolators upstream of the ESP, and sentinel pigs were placed downstream in an isolator. The airflow moved unidirectionally from inoculated pigs to sentinel pigs. Nasal swabs of pigs, air samples and surface wipes from all the isolators were collected daily and tested by RT-qPCR. Without the ESP powered, sentinel pigs tested positive within 1 day of exposure to IAV aerosols and 2 days to PRRSV aerosols. Airborne IAV RNA was detected upstream and downstream of the ESP in particles ranging from 0.22 μm to > 8 μm. In contrast, with the ESP powered, sentinel pigs tested positive after 5-6 days of exposure to IAV aerosols, and 7-8 days to PRRSV aerosols. Limited levels of IAV RNA were detected in air samples in the downstream isolator before sentinel pigs tested positive. The RNA-based virus removal efficiency of the ESP ranged from 96.91 to 99.97%, with higher removal observed in particles > 6.5 μm. Under the conditions of this study, the ESP efficiently removed IAV aerosol particles and delayed the onset of IAV and PRRSV infections in the sentinel pigs. Our study shows the potential of the ESPs to help prevent the spread of airborne viruses in agricultural animal farming facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal study of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Northern Nigeria: implications for the roles of small ruminants and environmental contamination in endemic settings.","authors":"Simon Gubbins, Emma Brown, Yiltawe Wungak, Olumuyiwa Oyekan, Adeyinka J Adedeji, Sandra I Ijoma, Rebecca B Atai, Moses O Oguche, Mark Samson, Banenat B Dogonyaro, Fabrizio Rosso, Hayley Hicks, Britta A Wood, Jemma Wadsworth, Nick Knowles, Donald P King, Anna B Ludi, Claire Colenutt, Andrew E Shaw, Georgina Limon, David O Ehizibolo","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01502-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01502-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed ungulates. This study aimed to enhance our understanding of the role of small ruminants and environmental contamination in the epidemiology and endemicity of FMD. A longitudinal study was conducted between March 2021 and October 2021 in northern Nigeria, where monthly samples were collected from five households, one livestock market and one transhumance location in two local government areas (LGA) identified as being at high risk of FMD. Serum samples (n = 783), oral swabs (n = 424) and environmental swabs (n = 458) were collected and tested for the presence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA by rRT-PCR. Serum samples (n = 780) were also tested for the presence of antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins. The proportion of FMDV RNA positive samples increased in all sample types collected in one LGA during the period when an FMD outbreak was reported in the same LGA. In contrast, sero-positive samples did not differ by month but differed between LGAs and amongst species. The force of infection estimated from age-seroprevalence data for each household was significantly lower in goats compared with both cattle or sheep. Five O/EA-3 topotype sequences were obtained from selected FMDV RNA positive samples; findings which support the use of environmental swabs to detect circulating FMDV strains in endemic settings. These results show oral and environmental swabs are suitable sampling methods for early detection at animal and herd level, respectively and provide insights on the role of small ruminants on FMD epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11969707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epitope mapping of a neutralizing antibody against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus GI.2.","authors":"Ana Podadera, Mila Leuthold, José Manuel Martín-Alonso, Rosa Casais, Angel Luis Álvarez, M J Lobo-Castañón, Francisco Parra, Kevin Paul Dalton","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01505-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01505-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2010, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) GI.2 emerged, and unlike RHDV GI.1, it caused mortality in young rabbits, while existing vaccines were not fully protective. The GI.2-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2D9 has been used as a tool to discriminate between these viruses in diagnostic tests. In this study, we mapped the binding epitope for 2D9 on the GI.2 The VP60 capsid protein demonstrated the neutralizing capacity of this mAb, which was able to prevent GI.2 infections in an experimental challenge. Our results suggest that external loops (1, 4 and 5) in the P2 subdomain of VP60 contribute to the discontinuous neutralizing epitope recognized by mAb 2D9. Moreover, analysis of naturally occurring RHDV GI.2 isolates revealed key residues involved in mAb 2D9 binding that are under selective pressure. The findings described in this work provide valuable information regarding our understanding of virus neutralization and immune escape, which may help in the development of novel antiviral compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel murine model of Toxoplasma gondii infection using oocysts of a recently obtained Type III isolate.","authors":"Andrea Largo-de la Torre, Ignacio Ferre, Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez, Javier Regidor-Cerrillo, Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01507-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01507-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type II reference isolates of Toxoplasma gondii are widely used in animal toxoplasmosis models, but studies with Type III isolates remain scarce. In addition, these methods often rely on laboratory-adapted parasite stages that may not reflect natural infection. This study presents a new murine model based on an oral infection with oocysts from a recently obtained Type III isolate, TgShSp24, which exhibited remarkable morbidity and a distinct tissue distribution during chronic infection, differing from the recently obtained Type II isolate TgShSp1. This novel model aims to better mimic natural infection and provides a valuable tool for testing drugs and vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies as effective therapeutics and prophylactics against lethal H10N7 avian influenza infection in a mouse model.","authors":"Ping Wang, Jiamin Fu, Linfang Cheng, Sijing Yan, Han Wu, Fumin Liu, Hangping Yao, Nanping Wu, Lihua Xu, Haibo Wu","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01504-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01504-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The H10 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is widespread in poultry worldwide and poses a significant threat to animal health. With the emergence of sporadic and fatal cases in humans infected with H10 subtype AIVs in recent years, it is imperative to develop neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to treat influenza clinically. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized with A/chicken/Zhejiang/2CP8/2014 (H10N7) haemagglutinin (HA) protein, and eight HA-specific mAbs were subsequently screened. The characteristics of the mAbs were tested and evaluated using haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays in vitro. We selected two mAbs (1E10 and 2A9) to further study their characteristics and functions, including their affinity and specificity of binding to antigens via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunofluorescence assays. We identified the mutant epitopes (K165E and N170D) of the H10N7 strain produced under the immune pressure of the two mAbs. Furthermore, we infected mice with the H10N7 virus and conducted prophylactic and therapeutic trials using the two mAbs. The results indicated that both mAbs have obvious neutralization ability in vivo. Compared with those in the isotype IgG control group, the weights of the mice in the experimental groups were greater in the prophylactic and therapeutic experiments. In conclusion, the mAbs produced in this study are expected to be effective drugs for clinical antiviral therapy against lethal infection by H10 AIVs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocyte-derived MMP-9 is a key mediator of pseudorabies virus penetration of the blood-brain barrier and tight junction disruption.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Xianghua Shu, Ying Zhang, Chunlian Song, Yi Wu, Kesi Cui, Xue Zhang, Yalong Sun, Hong Shen, Qianfei Wei, Jianqin Li, Yue Shu","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01486-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01486-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to viral encephalitis and neurological damage in mice, causing significant neurological symptoms and brain damage. This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms of PRV-induced encephalopathy and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We found that PRV infection increased the number of astrocytes and induced a phenotypic shift from the A2 to the A1 subtype, which was associated with increased secretion of MMP-9. MMP-9 was identified as a critical mediator of PRV-induced BBB disruption, as it degrades collagen VI, leading to BBB damage. PRV was shown to penetrate the BBB via a paracellular pathway, and MMP-9 deletion reversed this damage, mitigating tight junction injury. Additionally, PRV infection caused an \"inflammatory storm\" in the central nervous system (CNS), with increased levels of the chemokines CCL-3, CCL-4, and CCL-5; the cytokines IL-6 and IL-18; and TNF-α. The expression of INF-γ was significantly decreased. In conclusion, PRV infection disrupts the BBB and induces an inflammatory response in the CNS, with MMP-9 playing a key role in mediating BBB damage. These findings provide insights into the pathogenesis of PRV-induced encephalopathy and potential therapeutic targets for viral encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease virus activates glycolysis and hijacks HK2 to inhibit innate immunity and promote viral replication.","authors":"Wenxian Chen, Xinyan Wang, Xiaowen Li, Weijun Wang, Yaoyao Huang, Yuwei Qin, Pengfei Liu, Keke Wu, Bingke Li, Yintao He, Sen Zeng, Lin Yi, Lianxiang Wang, Mingqiu Zhao, Hongxing Ding, Shuangqi Fan, Zhaoyao Li, Jinding Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01497-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01497-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) severely restricts the healthy development of global animal husbandry, and the unclear pathogenic mechanism of FMD virus (FMDV) leads to difficulty in preventing and purifying FMD. Glycolytic remodelling is considered one of the hallmarks of viral infection, providing energy and precursors for viral assembly and replication. In this work, the interaction and mechanism between FMDV and glycolysis were explored from the perspective of immune metabolism. We found that FMDV infection increased the extracellular acidification rate, lactic acid accumulation, and HK2 level. In addition, during FMDV infection, HK2 enhances glycolytic activity and mediates autophagic degradation of IRF3/7 to antagonize the innate immune response, thereby promoting viral replication. Our findings provide evidence that FMDV is closely correlated with host metabolism, increasing the understanding that glycolysis and HK2 facilitate virus infection, and provide new ideas for further elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of FMDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11963632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143765248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASFV pS183L protein negatively regulates RLR-mediated antiviral signalling by blocking MDA5 oligomerisation.","authors":"Huan Chen, Qun Yu, Xiaoyu Gao, Tao Huang, Chenyi Bao, Jiaona Guo, Zhenzhong Wang, Jiaxuan Lv, Jianjun Dai, Lorne A Babiuk, Xingqi Zou, Yong-Sam Jung, Yingjuan Qian","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01488-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01488-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are major sensors against viral infection, but their roles in DNA virus infection largely remain unknown. This study found that a previously uncharacterised protein, pS183L, negatively regulates RLR signalling by suppressing MDA5 oligomerisation. Specifically, we showed that the overexpression of pS183L suppresses MDA5 but not cGAS-STING or RIG-I-induced IFN-β activation. Consistently, pS183L inhibited high molecular weight poly (I:C) activated IFN-β production. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pS183L interacts with CARDs and the MDA5 Helicase domain, consequently blocking MDA5 oligomerisation and the MDA5-MAVS interaction. Taken together, we concluded that pS183L blocks MDA5 oligomerisation through protein-protein interaction and thus disrupts MDA5-mediated IFN-β signalling.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic potential of uropathogenic Escherichia coli lineages from companion animals.","authors":"Nicolas Jousserand, Frédéric Auvray, Camille Chagneau, Laurent Cavalié, Christelle Maurey, Amandine Drut, Rachel Lavoué, Eric Oswald","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01493-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01493-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Escherichia coli is responsible for urinary tract infections (UTI) in humans and pets. This study aims to provide data on the virulome and resistome of E. coli strains isolated during bacteriuria in companion animals and to assess their zoonotic potential. 135 E. coli strains prospectively collected from urine samples of 44 cats and 91 dogs in three French veterinary teaching hospitals were analyzed via antibiotic susceptibility tests and whole genome sequencing. Phylogroup B2 was overrepresented and several sequence types (STs) associated with human extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) were found. These included ST12, ST127 and ST141 (8 strains each), which were characterized by genetic homogeneity, and ST73 (23 strains) which contained several serotype-delineated sublineages with distinct distributions in pets and humans. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis further revealed the existence of highly related human and companion animal clones among these STs, indicative of a zoonotic potential. By contrast, other major human ExPEC STs (e.g. ST131, ST10, ST69, ST95 and ST1193) were rarely found (2 strains each), suggesting they might be less adapted to cats and dogs. Of note, ST372 (21 strains) was predominant and exclusively found in dogs. Pet E. coli UTI strains carried virulence genes commonly found in human E. coli UTI isolates. 15.6% of strains were predicted as multi-drug resistant. The major canine and feline ExPEC lineages were not associated with extended spectrum beta lactamase and AmpC production. Only one strain (from ST131) carried the bla_CTX-M-15 gene. Persistent clones of E. coli isolated from five cats and nine dogs with recurrent infection had genetic traits similar to strains from other animals. Approximately one-third of the E. coli UTI strains from pets exhibited genetic similarities to those responsible for UTI in humans, suggesting a potential for zoonotic transmission. This study underscores the continued need to monitor and control antimicrobial resistance in companion animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}