Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Automated larval motility assays reveal links between eprinomectin treatment failure and drug resistance in Haemonchus contortus.","authors":"Julie Petermann, Marie Garcia, Fabrice Guegnard, Christelle Grisez, Sophie Jouffroy, Léa Bordes, Cédric Neveu, Mickaël Riou, Guillaume Sallé, Philippe Jacquiet, Mélanie Alberich, Anne Lespine","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01622-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01622-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small ruminants are frequently infected with gastrointestinal nematode parasites (GIN) such as the highly pathogenic Haemonchus contortus, which severely impact animal health, welfare and production performance. The increasing prevalence of clinical anthelmintic resistance poses a global threat to effective parasite control and the productivity of livestock farming. This includes resistance to eprinomectin (EPR), the only anthelmintic currently approved for use in dairy production with a zero-withdrawal period. This study aims to link EPR therapeutic failure against H. contortus in dairy sheep farms in southwestern France with drug potency, as determined via the larval motility phenotype in an in vitro test. Six field isolates (four EPR-resistant and two EPR-susceptible isolates) were collected from dairy sheep farms, where EPR efficacy was assessed using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). In addition, two laboratory isolates, known for their EPR-susceptible status, were used. We simultaneously evaluated the effects of ivermectin (IVM), moxidectin (MOX), EPR, and levamisole on larval stage development and motility, comparing putative EPR-resistant isolates with those expected to be EPR-susceptible. The automated motility assay effectively distinguished EPR-susceptible isolates from EPR-resistant isolates, with IC₅₀ values between 0.29 and 0.48 µM for susceptible isolates and between 8.16 and 32.03 µM for resistant isolates, revealing that isolates from farms with EPR treatment failure presented high resistance factors for EPR, ranging from 17 to 101. Our results reveal the sensitivity, reliability, and reproducibility of the motility test in monitoring the response of H. contortus to eprinomectin, and it may be used to detect H. contortus resistance to eprinomectin on farms. This paves the way for improving diagnostics and treatments for helminth infections in dairy sheep farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12492879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new lymph node infection model for Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in pigs.","authors":"Annika Katharina Breitfelder, Tatjana Sattler, Johannes Kauffold, Sarah Pfetzing, Anna Majcher, Reiner Ulrich, Uwe Müller, Sophie Öhlmann, Karoline Rieckmann, Christoph Georg Baums","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01616-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01616-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important invasive porcine pathogen. Here, we describe a new lymph node infection model where 7 × 10³ CFU S. suis serotype 2 were injected in the left cervical lymph node. In total, seven out of eight 5-week-old piglets developed clinical signs of disease. In all infected pigs, S. suis was reisolated from the infected lymph node and one or more additional sites. Immunohistochemically, S. suis antigen was located predominantly in the sinus. The results suggest that S. suis easily disseminates after lymph node infection and that the interaction with cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, primarily in the lymph node sinus, plays an important role in host cell-pathogen interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12490033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvianolic acid A inhibits PRRSV replication via binding to Keap1 to activate the MKRN1-Nrf2-NQO1 pathway.","authors":"Hong Duan, Yaci Zhang, Aijuan Shen, Jiahui Ren, Fengxia Zhang, Yunshuo Lu, Xuedan Wei, Chaoyu Yang, Jiexi Gong, Xin Wang, Yongkun Du, Qiming Pei, Angke Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01614-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01614-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused significant economic losses to the global pig industry, and there are currently no safe, effective, or commercially available vaccines. Traditional Chinese medicine may serve as a beneficial supplement to vaccines and provide a feasible solution for preventing and controlling PRRS. The present study explored the effects and molecular mechanisms of the traditional Chinese medicine Salviae miltiorrhizae Bunge extract salvianolic acid A (SalA) on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication. SalA effectively inhibited PRRSV replication in vitro and in vivo without affecting the adsorption, entry, or release stages of the viral replication cycle. SalA directly binds to the Thr560 site of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) via a hydrogen bond, promoting the recruitment of Keap1 to a newly identified E3 ubiquitin ligase, makorin RING finger protein 1 (MKRN1). This led to K48-linked ubiquitination of Keap1 at the K615 amino acid residue, subsequent proteasomal degradation, and eventual activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) pathway. Knockdown of MKRN1 blocked SalA-induced Keap1 ubiquitination, degradation, and activation of the Nrf2-NQO1 pathway. Further viral infection experiments revealed that SalA inhibited PRRSV replication by activating the MKRN1-Nrf2-NQO1 pathway. In addition to its anti-PRRSV activity, SalA effectively inhibited PRRSV- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, activation of inflammatory pathways and inflammasomes, and inhibition of cellular pyroptosis by activating the Nrf2 pathway. These results suggest that SalA can inhibit PRRSV replication and alleviate the inflammatory response during PRRS and secondary bacterial infections, providing a novel candidate strategy for PRRS treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RfeA from Streptococcus suis serotype 2 triggers NLRP3/Caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis leading to blood-brain barrier disruption.","authors":"Shuai Gao, Wentao Wu, Xingxing Xiao, Jun Li, Sheng Lei, Luying Wang, Xu Han, Yongliang Lou","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01620-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01620-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a prominent pathogen that impacts swine and presents a zoonotic threat to humans; it is a cause of bacterial meningitis, a severe condition linked to neurological impairment and elevated mortality rates. For SS2 to access the central nervous system, it must traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB); however, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the RTX family exoprotein A (RfeA), which is secreted by SS2, can be internalized by human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) via a caveolae/lipid raft-dependent pathway. RfeA subsequently induces pyroptosis through the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, a process attributed to the increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). The interaction between the N-terminus of RfeA and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) leads to mtROS production, which can be suppressed by a VDAC1 oligomerization inhibitor. RfeA-induced pyroptosis results in disruption of the BBB in both the hBMEC monolayer model and the mouse infection model, thereby promoting bacterial infection of the brain. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which SS2 induces pyroptosis to breach the BBB, suggesting a potential target for the prevention and treatment of SS2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining dynamic generalized linear models and mechanistic modelling to optimize treatment strategies against bovine respiratory disease.","authors":"Carolina Merca, Baptiste Sorin-Dupont, Anders Ringgaard Kristensen, Sébastien Picault, Sébastien Assié, Pauline Ezanno","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01611-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01611-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major health challenge for young bulls. To minimize economic losses, collective treatments have been widely adopted. Nevertheless, performing collective treatments involves a trade-off between BRD cumulative incidence and severity, and antimicrobial usage (AMU). Therefore, we propose a proof-of-concept of a decision support tool aimed at helping farmers and veterinarians make informed decisions about the appropriate timing for performing collective treatment for BRD. The proposed framework integrates a mechanistic stochastic simulation engine for modelling the spread of a BRD pathogen (Mannheimia haemolytica) and a hierarchical multivariate binomial dynamic generalized linear model (DGLM), which provides early warnings based on infection risk estimates. Using synthetic data, we studied 48 scenarios, involving two batch sizes (small and large), four farm risk levels for developing BRD (low, medium, balanced, and high), two batch allocation systems (sorted by risk level or randomly allocated), and three treatment interventions (individual, conventional collective, and DGLM-based collective). In high- and medium-risk scenarios, collective treatments triggered by the DGLM were associated with a reduction in BRD cumulative incidence and disease severity, especially in large populations. Compared with conventional treatments, DGLM-based collective treatments typically result in either lower or equivalent AMU, with the largest reductions being observed in medium-, balanced-, and high-risk scenarios. Additionally, the DGLM estimates of infection risk aligned well with the empirical risk estimates during the first time steps of the simulation. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed decision support tool in providing valuable guidance for improving animal welfare and AMU. Further validation through real-world data collected from on-farm situations is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive multiomic analysis of extracellular vesicles from Mycoplasma bovis-infected bovine mammary epithelial cells identifies proteins and miRNAs that induce inflammatory responses in macrophages.","authors":"Yiming Wu, Xiaotan Yuan, Jiating Ma, Lihua Xu, Min Li, Gang Zhao, Yujiong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01626-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01626-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycoplasma bovis can lead to a decline in milk quality and yield, thereby causing significant economic losses worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for triggering immune cell responses to infection. This study aimed to demonstrate the immunomodulatory effects of EVs released by bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) infected with M. bovis on bovine macrophages (BoMacs). After EVs were extracted from M. bovis-infected MAC-T cells (M. bovis NX2-EVs) as well as from uninfected MAC-T cells (Ctrl-EVs), they were incubated with BoMacs to assess their potential to induce cytokine expression. The results showed that M. bovis NX2-EV-treated BoMacs exhibited significantly increased expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, the differentially expressed genes mainly involved the TNF, NF-kappa B and IL-17 signalling pathways, with endocytosis and megalocytosis recognized as the main pathways through which BoMacs can take up EVs. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and RNA-seq were used to determine the protein and miRNA expression profiles of Ctrl-EVs and M. bovis NX2-EVs. Overall, 27 And 86 proteins were significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in M. bovis NX2-EVs compared with those in Ctrl-EVs. Similarly, a total of 9 miRNAs were upregulated, while 2 miRNAs were downregulated in M. bovis NX2-EVs. Finally, JCHAIN, MAPRE1, miR-1307, and miR-149-5p were identified as differentially expressed proteins and miRNAs in M. bovis NX2-EVs, thus highlighting their involvement in cellular immune regulation and related diseases. These results reveal the mechanism of host resistance to M. bovis infection and provide new insights for exploring the pathogenic mechanism of M. bovis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of West Nile virus lineage 2 leads to neuroinvasive cases in humans and horses in Sicily, 2022-2023.","authors":"Francesca Gucciardi, Simona De Grazia, Annalisa Guercio, Francesco La Russa, Maria Liliana Di Pasquale, Floriana Bonura, Federica Monaco, Massimo Spedicato, Barbara Bonfini, Giovanni Savini, Giovanni M Giammanco, Giuseppa Purpari","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01575-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01575-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Italy, West Nile virus (WNV) has been consistently causing disease in humans, horses, and birds since 2008; it was initially confined to the northeast of the country and then spread gradually to the western and southern regions. WNV lineage 1 (WNV-L1) virus was the only lineage that circulated in Italy until 2011, but it was progressively replaced by WNV lineage 2 (WNV-L2). WNV disease in humans was not observed in Sicily, southern Italy, until 2016, when the first case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) due to WNV-L1 was reported. Our results demonstrate the introduction of WNV-L2 in Sicily via the detection of four equine and five human cases of WNND reported in western Sicily in September 2022. Local WNV circulation was confirmed by virological and serological investigations in horses, birds, and dogs. WNV-L2 was demonstrated to be the strain responsible for both human and equine neuroinvasive cases and continued to circulate in western Sicily in 2023, where it was detected in insects and in a neuroinvasive human case in August.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pheno- and genotypic iron acquisition of non-aureus staphylococci: a scoping review of literature with a focus on bovine mastitis.","authors":"Helena Reydams, Bruno Toledo-Silva, Nick Vereecke, Freddy Haesebrouck, Sarne De Vliegher","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01613-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01613-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococci, a heterogenous group of bacteria, are known for their pathogenic potential in both human and animal hosts. Iron acquisition mechanisms play a pivotal role in their virulence and pathogenesis. While Staphylococcus aureus has been extensively studied in this regard, there is a significant gap in understanding iron uptake systems among non-aureus staphylococci and the closely related mammaliicocci (NASM), particularly those associated with bovine mastitis. This review delves into the diverse strategies employed by staphylococci to scavenge iron from host sources, encompassing extraction from ferritin, heme, transferrin, and lactoferrin. Furthermore, the dearth of knowledge regarding iron acquisition from the host in NASM, with a focus on bovine mastitis, is highlighted. A scoping review of previously published phenotypic and genotypic data highlights key findings on iron uptake in bovine-associated NASM and presents novel genomic findings, in which selected NASM isolates are screened for the first time for xenosiderophore systems, inorganic iron uptake systems, and putative ferritin iron acquisition genes. These results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of NASM-host interactions. Such insights can pave the way for alternative therapeutic strategies, including leveraging the potential protective effects of specific NASM species or strains against major mastitis pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal NS1-truncated live attenuated canine influenza vaccine confers superior protection compared to inactivated vaccine in beagles.","authors":"Jaehyun Hwang, Sun-Woo Yoon, Eulhae Ga, Jaeseok Choi, Suyun Moon, Eunseo Bae, Hyeongcheol Yun, Dohyeok Yu, Hye Kwon Kim, Jung-Ah Kang, Minjoo Yeom, Jong-Woo Lim, Dae Gwin Jeong, Xing Xie, Daesub Song, Woonsung Na","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01624-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01624-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 continues to circulate among companion animals, posing a zoonotic risk due to its potential for cross-species transmission. However, currently available inactivated vaccines offer limited mucosal immunity and suboptimal protection. Here, we developed a novel intranasal live attenuated CIV H3N2 vaccine carrying a truncated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) gene and evaluated its safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in beagle dogs. The NS1-truncated LAIV was well-tolerated and induced robust mucosal and systemic immune responses, including high titers of virus-specific secretory IgA. Following challenge with virulent CIV H3N2 at 120 days post-vaccination, LAIV-immunized dogs exhibited complete clinical protection and minimal viral shedding, whereas dogs receiving the inactivated vaccine showed moderate disease signs. These findings demonstrate that the NS1-truncated LAIV confers superior protection compared to conventional vaccines and represents a promising next-generation platform for canine influenza control within a One Health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel function of RHOA as a host-dependent factor in Glaesserella parasuis infection of LLC-PK1 cells.","authors":"Huanhuan Zhou, Xuexue Chen, Xinqi Zeng, Shengsong Xie, Xiaoyu Zhang, Jiayi Zeng, Ke Xu, Bo Yu, Hailong Liu, Hongbo Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01617-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01617-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), a lethal pathogen causing Glässer's disease, poses severe threats to global swine health. While the small GTPase Ras homolog gene family member A (RHOA) is implicated in viral pathogenesis, its role in bacterial infections remains unexplored. Here, we established an in vitro infection model using porcine LLC-PK1 cells and demonstrated that G. parasuis induces adhesion and pseudopodia-mediated invasion, resulting in approximately 99% cell death within 120 h post-infection. Crucially, RHOA expression was upregulated during infection, and RHOA knockout reduced bacterial adhesion and invasion, rescuing cell viability to 77.30%. Transcriptomic profiling of RHOA-knockout cells revealed 1797 differentially expressed genes, revealing indirect effects on cytoskeleton remodeling (ACTG1/MYL7/MYL9 downregulation) and tight junction stabilization (CDH1/CLDN1/CDH5 upregulation). This establishes RHOA as a key host factor facilitating G. parasuis infection, providing targets for disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12465878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}