Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Localized adaptive evolution in VP1 drives antigenic divergence of feline calicivirus despite high sequence conservation.","authors":"Yiqian Jiang, Yu Qi, Boli Ma, Faming Miao, Huixian Yue, Tianying Hou, Teng Chen, Shuchao Wang, Nan Li, Yanyan Zhang, Rongliang Hu, Shoufeng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01778-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01778-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline calicivirus (FCV) evolves rapidly under immune pressure, yet the genetic basis of antigenic escape remains poorly understood, particularly when sequence divergence is limited. We isolated 13 FCV strains from cats in Jilin Province, China, between 2018 and 2024, and characterized their genetic and antigenic properties. Phylogenetic analysis of the major capsid protein VP1 revealed the co-circulation of multiple lineages, including isolates clustering within clades associated with virulent systemic disease (VSD) and grouping with strains previously identified in dogs. Cross-neutralization assays demonstrated that the vaccine-induced antiserum neutralized most isolates but exhibited markedly reduced neutralizing activity against JL1907 and JL2103, both of which were isolated from vaccinated cats. Notably, despite sharing 91.9% amino acid identity in VP1, JL2103 and JL2104 exhibited highly asymmetric cross-neutralization: Antiserum raised against JL2103 failed to neutralize JL2104, whereas antiserum raised against JL2104 potently neutralized JL2103. Comparative sequence analysis identified nonsynonymous substitutions concentrated in E region (the hypervariable region of VP1), particularly within predicted B cell epitopes and residues proximal to the feline junctional adhesion molecule A (fJAM-A) binding interface. Our findings indicate that minor amino acid substitutions at critical antigenic sites are sufficient to disrupt cross-neutralization, even among closely related FCV strains, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for antigenic escape under constrained genetic divergence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odocoileus virginianus PRNP sequencing reveals AF (Q₉₅G₉₆/H₉₅G₉₆) advantage over AC (Q₉₅G₉₆/Q₉₅S₉₆) against chronic wasting disease.","authors":"Evan W London, Alfred L Roca, Yasuko Ishida, Tooba Latif, Jan E Novakofski, Nohra E Mateus-Pinilla","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01752-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01752-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a highly transmissible spongiform encephalopathy impacting cervids. Variations in the prion protein gene (PRNP), encoding the prion protein (PrP), influence disease progression and susceptibility. Protein sequence is a key determinant of PrP strains and their capacity for interspecies transmission. Sequencing PRNP in white-tailed deer has revealed non-synonymous polymorphisms impacting disease-c.285A > C (Q95H) and c.286G > A (G96S). Previous PRNP amplification protocols misclassified homozygous and heterozygous deer due to allelic dropout by a widely used forward primer. We resequenced 586 deer previously classified as homozygous using a redesigned primer (designated Ov-PRNP-F2) and found 128 heterozygotes. Subsequently, we sequenced additional CWD-positive and CWD-negative deer using Ov-PRNP-F2 to correct for dropout and then estimated PrP variant susceptibility and CWD risk using 778 CWD-positive and 3,070 CWD-negative deer from 22 Illinois counties, the largest PRNP sequence dataset to date. Animals encoding PrP variant combination C (96S) and F (95H) were the least susceptible to CWD (OR = 0.03, p < 0.001) compared to deer encoding two copies of PrP variant A 95Q;96G. A novel finding is that deer encoding a single copy of PrP 95H were less susceptible to CWD compared to those with a single copy of PrP 96S (OR = 0.40, p < 0.001). The results support using genotyping methods to map susceptibility to CWD across the landscape, focusing on PrP variant frequencies to improve CWD epidemiological risk models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13214280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148035730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avian coronaviruses induce inflammatory responses by activating p38/MAPK signaling and NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasomes through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1.","authors":"Hongtao Xiao, Siyao Yu, Shijing Li, Zhifei Xu, Jiayang Chen, Lijin Lai, Qiuyan Lin, Tao Ren, Libin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01768-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01768-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of the γ-coronavirus genus within the Coronaviridae family, is a major pathogenic threat to the global poultry industry. Most IBV infections induce severe renal pathological lesions in chickens, yet the renal metabolic perturbations triggered by IBV infection remain largely elusive. Herein, we applied a metabolomic approach to characterize the metabolic profiles of kidney tissues from IBV-infected specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. IBV infection caused profound alterations in the renal metabolome, encompassing amino acids and their derivatives, energy metabolites, and lipid molecules. Most amino acids and their derivatives were significantly downregulated at 7 days post-infection (dpi), indicating that IBV usurps host amino acid pools to support its own replication in SPF chickens. In addition, the levels of L-glutamine, D-mannose 1-phosphate, and D-galacturonate were markedly elevated post-infection, implying their potential roles in mediating host energy utilization and facilitating viral replication during IBV infection. Subsequently, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-a key bioactive lipid molecule-was identified as a prominently upregulated metabolite in IBV-infected kidney tissues. Follow-up functional experiments revealed that IBV infection upregulates the S1P-S1PR1 signaling axis, and concomitantly activates the p38/JNK/MAPK pathway as well as the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome. Notably, S1PR1 was found to modulate the p38/MAPK signaling pathway and NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome, thereby regulating the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Collectively, our study delineates the comprehensive renal metabolic landscape of chickens in response to IBV infection and identifies S1PR1 as a pivotal regulatory target of IBV-induced renal inflammation. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic signaling pathways against IBV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13198749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148006948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potent neutralization and therapeutic efficacy of bovine rotavirus-specific VHH antibodies in infected calves.","authors":"Qihuan Zhao, Min Gao, Puchen Li, Bo Wang, Baohui Li, Gege Rile, Chengquan Du, Jingjing Wang, Hui Wang, Jingsi Mei, Shujun Zhang, Fuxiang Bao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01765-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine rotavirus is one of the main pathogens causing acute diarrhea in calves under 1 month of age, posing a serious threat to intensive cattle farming, and there are no effective therapeutic agents owing to the mixed infection of bovine rotavirus (BRV) with other pathogens. In this study, we successfully constructed a phage display antibody library by immunizing Bactrian camels, with a capacity of 6.5 × 10⁸ and a recombinant positive rate of 81.25%. Three high-activity variable heavy-chain domains (VHH) were obtained by using BRV as the antigen, and the gene fragments were ligated with the prokaryotic expression vector pET-22b(+). The recombinant VHH was successfully expressed under induction by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). In addition, the recombinant VHH could specifically bind to BRV in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cellular immunofluorescence assays. The neutralizing activity of VHH was further confirmed by a virus neutralization test. Furthermore, our data showed that recombinant VHH could alleviate symptoms such as diarrhea and high fever, and reduce the amount of virus release in a BRV-challenged calf model. These results suggest that the single-domain antibodies against BRV screened in this study offer an effective treatment in BRV infection, facilitating the development of novel therapeutics for BRV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13195868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147989283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural polymorphisms in the bovine leukemia virus microRNA cluster modulate miRNA expression and host regulatory pathways.","authors":"Aneta Pluta, Kerstin Skovgaard, Konrad Józef Dębski, Jean Marie Peloponese, Madison Sokacz, Celima Mourouvin, Tasia Marie Taxis","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01776-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01776-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) encodes a cluster of viral microRNAs (miRNAs) that remain abundantly expressed during latency, when viral protein production is restricted. Naturally occurring single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this locus are common, yet their functional consequences for miRNA output and host gene regulation remain poorly defined. Peripheral blood leukocytes from 53 naturally BLV-infected cattle were analyzed, and the 554-nt BLV miRNA locus was amplified and sequenced. Field-derived variants containing mutations within RNA polymerase III promoter motifs, seed regions, and termination signals were selected for functional evaluation. Reference and variant loci were co-expressed with a BLVΔ-miRNA infectious clone in HEK293T cells under controlled conditions. Mature miRNA levels were quantified by stem-loop reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and global host transcriptional responses were assessed using oligonucleotide microarrays. Predicted miRNA targets were identified using bioinformatic analyses. Sequence analysis identified 84 polymorphic sites, with a substantial proportion mapping to Pol III regulatory elements and seed regions. Variant loci displayed altered accumulation of selected mature miRNAs and shifts in predicted seed-dependent target repertoires. Transcriptome profiling revealed variant-associated modulation of innate immune-signaling components, interferon-responsive genes, antigen-presentation pathways, tumor-suppressor networks, and extracellular matrix-related processes. Enrichment analysis demonstrated a statistically significant overlap between predicted miRNA targets and downregulated transcripts. Natural polymorphisms within the BLV miRNA cluster modulate miRNA expression and are associated with distinct host regulatory signatures in a controlled experimental system. These findings suggest that sequence variation in the viral miRNA locus may contribute to differential host-virus interactions and influence mechanisms supporting viral persistence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An amino acid insertion in the PHI loop of the VP2 capsid protein of serotype 1 infectious bursal disease virus deeply modifies its antigenicity and abrogates its propagation into B cells.","authors":"Cyril Le Nouën, Céline Courtillon, Sébastien Mathieu Soubies, Philip Cruz, Michael A Dolan, Didier Toquin, Margaux Macaigne, Michel Amelot, Alassane Keita, Hermann Müller, Sonja Härtle, Nicolas Eterradossi","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01749-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01749-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bursal disease of chickens is an economically important disease induced by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Serotype 1 IBDV strains replicate and destroy chicken B cells in the bursa of Fabricius (BF), a primary lymphoid organ essential for chicken immunity. Using a monoclonal antibody selection process applied to a chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF)-adapted serotype 1 IBDV strain, an escape mutant virus that exhibited an extra Glycine residue inserted at position 323 (P_HI loop) of its capsid protein VP2 was isolated. This sole amino acid insertion profoundly modified the antigenicity of the virus, which was then unable to replicate in primary chicken bursal cells. Furthermore, infections of chickens with genetically engineered IBDV strains, derived from either a CEF-adapted or a virulent IBDV strain and bearing the same amino acid insertion, did not result in virus replication in the BF, nor histological lesions of the BF, and induced poor seroconversion. Molecular dynamics analyses on VP2 suggested that this insertion reduces the flexibility of the P_HI loop and brings this loop in closer contact with the P_BC loop. These changes seem critical for IBDV antigenicity and viral infection in bursal B cells but have a limited impact on IBDV propagation in CEF.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147983536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic signatures of colonic infection by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.","authors":"Lucía Pérez-Pérez, Cristina Galisteo, Laura de Los Santos Castillo-Peinado, Sonia Tomé-Rodríguez, Feliciano Priego-Capote, Ana Carvajal, Héctor Arguello","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01727-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01727-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite swine dysentery's relevance in the pork industry, there are still gaps in our understanding of its pathogenesis and the impact of the infection in the gut. This study aimed to characterize the in vivo colonic metabolome of pigs experimentally infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae at the onset of fecal shedding (Early_inf group, n = 6) and during acute clinical disease characterized by mucohemorrhagic diarrhea (Acute_inf group, n = 8) compared with non-infected controls (n = 16). The metabolic profile of the colonic contents changed progressively with disease severity, showing an intermediate pattern in the Early_inf group between the control and the Acute_inf groups (p < 0.05). In acute disease, the metabolome was defined by increased concentrations of amino acids, carnitine derivatives, arachidic acid, 1,2-butanediol, and lactic acid, along with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory compounds. In the Early_inf group, increases were observed in amino acids, organic acids, amines, myo-inositol, quinoline, and 1,2-butanediol, whereas linolenic acid and oxalic acid decreased. Integrated analysis of the colonic metabolome and metagenome revealed a strong correlation between metabolic and microbial profiles, particularly in the Acute_inf group, where differential metabolites were associated with B. hyodysenteriae, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, and Velocimicrobium ethanolgignens. Metabolites showed high predictive potential for the disease stage, with lactic acid and arachidic acid being key markers of acute infection and dihydroxyacetone and leucine distinguishing early infection. Overall, this study reveals significant alterations in the colonic metabolome and its association with the microbiota during swine dysentery, providing new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and contributing to the development of improved prevention and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of novel pesti- and astro-like viruses in hatchery-reared European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) associated with health disorders and low mortality.","authors":"Lénaïg Louboutin, Joelle Cabon, Pauline Grippon, Veronique Beven, Edouard Hirchaud, Matthieu Jamin, Pierre-Marie Boitard, Yannick Blanchard, Thierry Morin","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01758-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01758-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>European seabass is a major farmed species in Mediterranean aquaculture. Its early life stages are very sensitive to sanitary and environmental conditions and are therefore closely monitored. In this study, we characterized new viruses recently isolated from fingerlings in a hatchery showing whitish three-dimensional lesions on the fins and sides and distended abdomens and investigated their pathologic potential. A cytopathic effect was observed 17 days post-inoculation (dpi) of homogenized internal organs at 20 °C on a CHSE₂₁₄ cell line. Viral presence was confirmed using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) targeting double-stranded RNA patterns. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and phylogenetic analyses were used to characterize two viruses: a pesti-like virus of 13,123 nt detected both in positive supernatant and organ homogenate, named Dicentrarchus labrax Pesti-like virus (DLPLV); and an astro-like virus with a sequence of 5,068 nt detected only in the homogenate and clustering with other described fish astroviruses, and named Dicentrarchus labrax Astro-like virus (DLALV). In vivo, direct or waterborne contact of healthy fish with fish showing clinical signs induced very sporadic and fleeting clinical signs, while bath infection with DLPLV alone induced 8 to 16% mortality for 162-days post-hatching fish. Seroneutralization tests demonstrated the existence of a humoral response specific to DLPLV, regardless of the route of infection. This work highlights the wide diversity of aquatic viruses and illustrates the complexity of reproducing experimentally the clinical signs observed in hatcheries, especially in the case of multifactorial phenomena. The diagnostic tools developed will be usable for surveillance and fast detection of any new clinical cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated analysis of transcriptome and proteome reveal that PDCoV infection induces autophagy-dependent ferroptosis to facilitate viral replication.","authors":"Xiaozhu Yang, Xingyu Mi, Wei Liu, Farwa Zainab, Minrui Wu, Hanwei Yin, Mengyuan Liu, Ting Zhang, Zilong Sun, Ding Zhang, Pan Tang, Tao Song, Liqiang Duan, Yibo Xi, Chenyang Wang, Wei Li, Haidong Wang, Bo Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01724-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01724-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in swine industries worldwide. However, the interactions between PDCoV and host cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we employed transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to investigate host responses to PDCoV infection. Our results identified 1448 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 1.5 h post-PDCoV infection and 11,753 DEGs, along with 898 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) at 18 h post-PDCoV infection. Furthermore, several signaling pathways, including innate immunity, autophagy, and ferroptosis, were primarily enriched following an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and proteome. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that proteins closely associated with these pathways, such as interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (IFIT1), myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2), interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase like (OASL), autophagy related 14 (ATG14), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), were central to the interaction network. Importantly, we demonstrated that autophagy and ferroptosis were induced upon PDCoV infection, and that inhibition of autophagy significantly suppressed the induction of PDCoV-induced ferroptosis, which decreases the viral proliferation. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive overview of transcriptomic and proteomic changes following PDCoV infection and enhance the understanding of PDCoV pathogenesis, which will be beneficial for improving strategies for the prevention and control of PDCoV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147975850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and epitope mapping of broad-spectrum neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against economically important pestiviruses.","authors":"Zhongdi Liu, Shijiang Mi, Sun He, Meng Wu, Fei Bao, Ye Feng, Zunbao Wang, Longfei Xu, Xiaomei Pan, Changchun Tu, Junhui Li, Wenjie Gong","doi":"10.1186/s13567-026-01748-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-026-01748-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pestiviruses are pathogens with broad host ranges, infecting domestic animals and wildlife, with some of them exhibiting antigenic similarity and cross-neutralization capability. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. In this study, BALB/c mice were immunized with purified E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) LPC strain to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using hybridoma technology. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and western blot were employed to determine the reactivity of mAbs with pestiviruses and E2 proteins. As a result, 31 mAbs against CSFV E2 protein were generated, with two mAbs TCH034 and TCH052 exhibiting broad-spectrum reactivity against different genotypes of CSFV, BVDV1 and BVDV2, as well as E2 proteins from 8 pestivirus species (CSFV, BVDV1, BVDV2, HobiPeV, BDV, AydinPeV, TSV and ovIT PeV). The pestivirus broad-spectrum mAbs demonstrated neutralizing activity against the available strains of CSFV, BVDV1, and BVDV2. Epitope mapping with truncated and point-mutated E2 proteins showed that TCH034 and TCH052 recognize a highly conserved antigenic epitope in E2 proteins among 8 pestivirus species, comprising residues G¹¹³, K¹¹⁴, W¹³³ and G¹³⁵, which was further confirmed by the inability of TCH034 and TCH052 to react with or neutralize the rescued CSFV strain JL23 containing substitutions K114M, K114N, K114R and K114T. Taken together, the findings of this study elucidate the molecular basis underlying antigenic conservation and cross-neutralization among pestiviruses, providing valuable support for the development of diagnostic assays targeting economically important pestiviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147949744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}