Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"SIRT2 inhibition enhances mitochondrial apoptosis in Brucella-infected bovine placental trophoblast cells.","authors":"Mengyu Zhang, Lin Qi, Junmei Li, NingQiu Yuan, Yunyi Zhai, Mingyue Hao, Dong Zhou, Wei Liu, Yaping Jin, Aihua Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01518-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01518-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucella is a successful pathogen that employs a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms. This contributes to pathogenesis and persistence and limits the efficacy of available treatments. An increasing understanding of host‒pathogen interactions suggests that integrating host-directed strategies with existing anti-Brucella treatments could lead to more effective bacterial clearance and a reduction in drug-resistant strains. SIRT2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent deacetylase found in mammals. It can deacetylate various transcription factors and regulatory proteins, playing crucial roles in host‒pathogen interactions and pathogen infection-induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT2 in Brucella-induced cell apoptosis using bovine placental trophoblast cells. Our results indicate that B. abortus A19 infection upregulates SIRT2 protein expression and significantly induces mitochondrial apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT2 exacerbates B. abortus A19-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and markedly inhibits intracellular bacterial survival. These results prove the role of SIRT2 in Brucella pathogenesis and the mechanism of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragaloside IV mitigates influenza-induced inflammatory responses by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in alveolar macrophages.","authors":"Jianli Tang, Yu Gao, Yuchen Fu, Zhaoqing Han, Ping Xu, Xin Li, Shuaiyong Wang, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01529-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01529-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory viruses, including the influenza virus (IAV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pose significant health threats. As tissue-resident macrophages, alveolar macrophages (AM) are crucial for defending against respiratory viral infection by producing cytokines, engulfing virus-infected cells, and promoting wound healing. However, excessive inflammatory responses can lead to tissue injury. Growing evidence indicates that astragaloside IV (AST IV) regulates innate immune responses. Specifically, AST IV balances the inflammatory response to mitigate tissue damage and promote tissue repair. However, whether AST IV directly targets AM to alleviate lung damage induced by respiratory viral infection remains unclear. Our results demonstrate that AST IV treatment significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in mice during IAV infection. AST IV markedly decreases proinflammatory cytokine levels, mitigates lung injury and promotes lung recovery through enhancing the repair capacity mediated by alveolar type II cells. Mechanistically, AST IV suppresses the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which is critical for driving inflammatory responses in AM while maintaining mitochondrial fitness. Thus, our findings suggest that AST IV effectively targets AM to alleviate inflammation and lung damage caused by respiratory viral infections, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent for managing viral pneumonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neospora caninum hijacks host PFKFB3-driven glycolysis to facilitate intracellular propagation of parasites.","authors":"De-Liang Tao, Jin-Ming Chen, Jiang-Ping Wu, Shan-Shan Zhao, Bu-Fan Qi, Xin Yang, Ying-Ying Fan, Jun-Ke Song, Guang-Hui Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01524-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01524-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with Neospora caninum leads to reproductive failure in ruminants, such as cattle and goats; however, no effective vaccines or treatments are currently available to control this infection. Carefully regulating the glycolysis of host cells is essential for the intracellular survival of pathogens. Nonetheless, the impact of N. caninum infection on host cell glycolysis and the effects and mechanisms of host cell glycolysis on the intracellular survival of this parasite remains unclear. In this study, the analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics revealed that N. caninum infection increases the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes and lactate production in caprine endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). The study's findings demonstrate that the inhibition of host cell glycolysis using 2-DG or sodium oxamate (an LDH-A inhibitor) inhibits host cell glycolysis and the intracellular propagation of N. caninum tachyzoites. Moreover, the addition of lactate further promotes the replication of N. caninum tachyzoites both in vivo and in vitro. Further investigation found that N. caninum infection induces host cell glycolysis via up-regulating 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) expression, while knockdown of PFKFB3 with small-interfering RNA or 3-PO significantly inhibits host cell glycolysis and the propagation of N. caninum tachyzoites both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, a mechanistic study showed that N. caninum infection activates the JNK signalling pathway and inhibits the ubiquitination degradation of HIF-1α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that N. caninum infection induces the expression of HIF-1α, which binds to the promoter region of pfkfb3. Our findings indicate that cellular glycolysis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for neosporosis, offering a novel insight for further investigating the intracellular survival mechanisms of N. caninum.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MARCH8 promotes the proteasomal degradation of foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1, VP2, and VP3 to negatively regulate viral replication.","authors":"Mengge Yin, Xiangmin Li, Min Zhang, Qiongqiong Zhao, Haoyuan Wang, Huiyan Zhang, Zengjun Lu, Ping Qian","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01521-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01521-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The host cell membrane-associated RING-CH8 protein (MARCH8) functions as an antiviral host factor by targeting viral envelope glycoproteins. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. The potential impact of MARCH8 on FMDV replication remains uncertain. Here, we found that the overexpression of MARCH8 significantly inhibited FMDV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the knockdown of MARCH8 facilitated FMDV replication. Specifically, MARCH8 interacted with VP1, VP2, and VP3, mediating their degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. MARCH8 catalyzed the K33-linked polyubiquitination of VP1, VP2, and VP3. Moreover, the Lys210 residue of VP1, the Lys63 residue of VP2, and the Lys118 residue of VP3 were identified as critical target sites for MARCH8-mediated degradation. Overall, we conclude that MARCH8 is an intrinsic antiviral factor against FMDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lumpy skin disease virus suppresses the antiviral response of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells that support viral dissemination.","authors":"Manoj Kumar, Ohad Frid, Asaf Sol, Alexander Rouvinski, Sharon Karniely","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01516-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01516-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) causes a severe emerging and transboundary disease in cattle. Infection with LSDV leads to the development of widespread dermal nodules. In addition to the skin, LSDV resides in multiple internal organs and can be isolated from the blood of infected cattle. We have characterised the tropism, replication, and dissemination of both a field isolate of LSDV and an attenuated vaccine strain in vitro. To study virus infection and dissemination in living cells, we generated recombinant viruses that express a green fluorescent protein (GFP) under a synthetic viral promoter. The recombinant LSDVs expressing GFP displayed replication kinetics similar to their parental strains in a bovine kidney cell line. These LSDV-GFP strains also replicated effectively in a bovine macrophage cell line and primary bovine foreskin cells, showing no apparent differences between the field isolate and the vaccine strain. Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with either LSDV-GFP strain displayed specific viral-driven GFP fluorescence and significant viral gene expression. However, these infected PBMCs did not support substantial viral DNA replication or the release of infectious progeny. Further analysis of the anti-viral response revealed that heat-treated LSDV, but not infectious viruses, induced the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in PBMCs. Thus, although LSDV did not replicate productively in PBMCs, it evaded the anti-viral response of these cells. Finally, we demonstrated that despite the lack of productive replication, infected PBMCs effectively transmitted LSDV to recipient permissive cells in co-culture, leading to the formation of infection foci. This suggests a potential role for PBMCs in the dissemination of LSDV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12034137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytolethal distending toxin from Glaesserella parasuis induces ferroptosis in porcine alveolar macrophages and mice.","authors":"Shiyu Xu, Li Lei, Zhen Yang, Yu Wang, Senyan Du, Qin Zhao, Xiaobo Huang, Sanjie Cao, Rui Wu, Yiping Wang, Qigui Yan, Yiping Wen","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01520-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01520-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaesserella parasuis cytolethal distending toxin (GpCDT) is a bacterial genotoxin whose main action is to activate DNA damage responses, induce cell cycle arrest, and induce the apoptosis of host cells. In our previous studies, we reported that cells incubated with GpCDT exhibited changes in the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins; thus, we hypothesized that, in addition to apoptosis, GpCDT may also cause ferroptosis, a novel mode of cell death. Here, we observed that treatment of 3D4/21 cells with GpCDT resulted in cytoplasmic iron overload, depletion of GSH (reduced glutathione), and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating that GpCDT disrupted iron metabolism and redox homeostasis in these cells. These phenomena were counteracted by the specific ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate. In vitro infection with the Glaesserella parasuis field isolate strain SC1401 (CDT positive) induced changes in the expression of ferroptosis biomarkers and proteins. Infection of C57BL/6 mice yielded similar results. Our results suggest that ferroptosis may play a substantial role in GpCDT-induced cellular injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of West Nile, Usutu and tick-borne encephalitis viruses in equids from south-western France in 2023.","authors":"Noémie Chevalier, Camille V Migné, Teheipuaura Mariteragi-Helle, Marine Dumarest, Margaux De Mas, Manon Chevrier, Emilie Queré, Christel Marcillaud-Pitel, Coralie Lupo, Clément Bigeard, Thierry Touzet, Agnès Leblond, Benoît Durand, Marianne Depecker, Gaëlle Gonzalez","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01508-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01508-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The circulation of West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was investigated in south-western France during the first six months of 2023, following the emergence of WNV in equids in Gironde, a département in south-western France, in 2022. Blood samples were collected from 494 horses located in the Gironde département and divided into three zones: the Confluence zone, the Intermediate zone and the Arcachon Basin. Samples were tested for WNV-, USUV- and TBEV-specific antibodies. An overall seroprevalence of 14% (95% CI [11-18%]) for orthoflavivirus antibodies was detected in Gironde. The highest seroprevalence rates for WNV and USUV were observed in the Confluence Zone (9%, 95% CI [6-13%] and 5%, 95% CI [3-8%], respectively), where the type of housing (animals kept in pasture only) and proximity to a special bird protection area were identified as risk factors for WNV seropositivity. This study presents the first seroprevalence investigation of WNV, USUV and TBEV infections in equids located on the Atlantic coast of France and demonstrates intense circulation of WNV in this region, as well as evidence of equine USUV-specific infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, characterization, and application of the novel polyvalent bacteriophage vB_EcoM_XAM237 against pathogenic Escherichia coli.","authors":"Jiyun Chai, Hongfei Sun, Stefan Schwarz, Yuxuan Huang, Shuangyu Xie, Qiu Xu, Longhua Lin, Caiping Ma, Jie Hou, Yao Zhu, Wanjiang Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01514-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01514-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel polyvalent broad-spectrum phage, vB_EcoM_XAM237 (XAM237), was isolated from pig farm sewage. It can simultaneously lyse multiple strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), demonstrating a broad host range. When the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain E711 was used as the host bacterium, the phage XAM237 exhibited a short latent period, high stability at different temperatures and pH values and good tolerance to chloroform. Moreover, phage XAM237 can efficiently adsorb and lyse host bacteria in vitro. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that XAM237 is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) phage consisting of 170 541 bp with a G + C content of 35%. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that XAM237 belongs to the family Straboviridae, genus Tequatrovirus. In addition, the genome of XAM237 did not contain genes related to lysogenicity, virulence or antimicrobial resistance. The effects of phage XAM237 in treating EPEC infections in vivo were evaluated in a mouse model. Phage XAM237 was able to reduce the number of colonized aEPEC strain E711 in the small intestine, liver, spleen, and kidney. This study suggested that phage XAM237 may be a promising candidate biologic agent for controlling pathogenic E. coli infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A serologic marker attenuated live vaccine protects piglets against highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.","authors":"Jiakai Zhao, Hong Duan, Xu Chen, Binbin Ren, Qianyi Zhu, Pinpin Ji, Yueting Chang, Yani Sun, Qin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01526-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01526-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there are no commercial serologic marker or differentiation of infected and vaccinated animal (DIVA) vaccines for the eradication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection from pig farms. In a previous study, a nanobody-based competitive ELISA (cELISA) was specifically developed to detect anti-genotype 2 PRRSV (PRRSV-2) antibodies. On the basis of the epitope recognized by the nanobody and the prevalence of PRRSV-2 infection in China, a DIVA vaccine candidate strain was designed and evaluated in the present study. First, an infectious cDNA clone based on the genomic sequence of the highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (HP-PRRSV) isolate SX-HD was constructed and named rSX-HD. Using the infectious clone as the backbone, a chimeric infectious cDNA clone in which the gene encoding the nucleocapsid (N) protein was replaced with the gene encoding the genotype 1 PRRSV N protein was generated and named rSX-HD^2M1. The chimeric PRRSV rSX-HD^2M1 was subsequently rescued successfully in Marc-145 cells, which were then passaged for 120 generations for attenuation. A safety study indicated that rSX-HD^2M1-F120 is not pathogenic to piglets. In vivo inoculation and challenge experiments suggested that rSX-HD^2M1-F120 vaccination significantly reduced serum viral loads and lung tissue lesions and that vaccinated piglets did not show any clinical symptoms or histopathological changes. Furthermore, this recombinant marker virus, in conjunction with the previously developed nanobody-based cELISA, enables serological differentiation between marker virus-infected animals and those infected with wild-type PRRSV-2. These results suggest that rSX-HD^2M1-F120 is a good candidate for providing a live attenuated DIVA vaccine against PRRSV-2 infection in piglets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of blood proteome response to necrotic enteritis in broiler chicken.","authors":"Svitlana Tretiak, Teresa Mendes Maia, Tom Rijsselaere, Filip Van Immerseel, Richard Ducatelle, Francis Impens, Gunther Antonissen","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01519-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-025-01519-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens is caused by the overgrowth of toxin-producing strains of Clostridium (C.) perfringens. This study aims to analyze the blood proteome of broiler chickens affected by NE, providing insights into the host's response to the infection. Using MS/MS-based proteomics, blood plasma samples from broilers with necrotic lesions of different severity were analyzed and compared to healthy controls. A total of 412 proteins were identified, with 63 showing significant differences; for 25 of those correlation with disease severity was observed. Functional analysis revealed that proteins affected by NE were predominantly associated with the immune and signaling processes and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures. Notably, regulated proteins were significantly involved in bioprocesses related to complement activation, acute phase reaction, proteolysis and humoral immune response. The proteomics findings suggest that the changes in plasma proteins in response to NE are driven by the host's intensified efforts to counteract the infection, demonstrating a.o. activation of ECM-degrading proteases (MMP2, TIMP2), acute phase response (HPS5, CP, EXFABP, TF, VNN) and notable reduction in basement membrane (BM) and ECM-related peptides (PLOD2, POSTN, COL1A1/2, HSPG2, NID2) detected in the blood of NE-affected birds. Moreover, the findings underscore a coordinated effort of the host to mitigate the C. perfringens infection via activating immune (a.o., C3, CFH, MASP2, MBL2) and acute phase (CP, ORM, TF, ExFAB) related proteins. This study provides a deeper understanding of the host-pathogen interactions and identifies potential biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD054172.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12023520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}