{"title":"Claudin2 is involved in the interaction between Megalocytivirus-induced virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) and lymphatic endothelial cells.","authors":"Jian-Hui He, Deyu Han, Xianyu Meng, Lingling Li, Bangping Hu, Muting Yan, Zi-Ang Wang, Shaoping Weng, Jianguo He, Xiaopeng Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01404-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01404-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Megalocytivirus, belonging to the family Iridoviridae, is one of the most detrimental virus groups to fish aquaculture. Megalocytivirus creates a virus-mock basement membrane (VMBM) on the surface of infected cells. This membrane provides attachment sites for lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), disrupting fish's endothelial cell-extracellular matrix system. This disruption triggers injury to the vascular system and can result in death. Exploring the VMBM-cell interaction mechanism is crucial for uncovering the pathogenesis of Megalocytivirus and identifying therapeutic targets. Claudins, a class of tetra transmembrane proteins, play a key role in creating tight junctions between endothelial or epithelial cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of Claudin2, a member of the Claudin family in fish, was significantly up-regulated by Megalocytivirus infection. Claudin2 was found in LECs attached to the surface of infected cells. It interacted with the VMBM viral components VP23R, VP08R, and VP33L at multiple binding sites through its two extracellular loops. However, it did not interact with the host basement membrane's nidogen. Therefore, Claudin2 is involved in the interaction of LEC with VMBM and plays a role in the disturbed distribution of extracellular matrix and endothelial cells in Megalocytivirus-infected fish tissues. This study aims to uncover the molecular mechanisms by which Megalocytivirus infection leads to pathological changes in the vascular system.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11542248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The long non-coding RNA lncRNA-DRNR enhances infectious bronchitis virus replication by targeting chicken JMJD6 and modulating interferon-stimulated genes expression via the JAK-STAT signalling pathway.","authors":"Wenjun Yan, Xue Fu, Hao Li, Kailu Wang, Cailiang Song, Chengyao Hou, Cangwei Lei, Hongning Wang, Xin Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01396-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01396-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), a severe disease that primarily affects young chickens and poses a significant challenge to the global poultry industry. Understanding the complex interaction between the virus and its host is vital for developing innovative antiviral strategies. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in regulating host antiviral immune responses. Our previous studies have shown that IBV infection disrupts the stability of lncRNA in host cells, indicating a potential regulatory role for lncRNA in IBV pathogenesis. It is still not clear how lncRNA precisely modulates IBV replication. In this study, we observed down-regulation ofMSTRG.26120.58 (named lncRNA-DRNR) expression in various chicken cell lines upon IBV infection. We demonstrated that silencing lncRNA-DRNR using siRNA enhances intracellular replication of IBV. Through exploring genes encoding proteins upstream and downstream of lncRNA-DRNR within a 100 kb range, we identified chJMJD6 (chicken JMJD6) as a potential target gene negatively regulated by lncRNA-DRNR expression levels. Furthermore, chJMJD6 inhibits STAT1 methylation, thereby affecting the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) through the activation of the IFN-β-mediated JAK-STAT signalling pathway, ultimately promoting the intracellular replication of IBV. In summary, our findings reveal the critical role played by lncRNA-DRNR during IBV infection, providing novel insights into mechanisms underlying coronavirus-induced disruption in lncRNA stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11539454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Single-cell analysis of nasal epithelial cell development in domestic pigs.","authors":"Wenqian Wang, Ruiling Liu, Qiu Zhong, Yunlei Cao, Jiaxin Qi, Yuchen Li, Qian Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01403-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01403-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nasal mucosa forms a critical barrier against the invasion of respiratory pathogens. Composed of a heterogeneous assortment of cell types, the nasal mucosa relies on the unique characteristics and complex intercellular dynamics of these cells to maintain their structural integrity and functional efficacy. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of porcine nasal mucosa was performed, and nineteen distinct nasal cell types, including nine epithelial cell types, five stromal cell types, and five immune cell types, were identified. The distribution patterns of three representative types of epithelial cells (basal cells, goblet cells, and ciliated cells) were subsequently detected by immunofluorescence. We conducted a comparative analysis of these data with published human single-cell data, revealing consistent differentiation trajectories among porcine and human nasal epithelial cells. Specifically, basal cells serve as the initial stage in the differentiation process of nasal epithelial cells, which then epithelial cells. This research not only enhances our understanding of the composition and transcriptional signature of porcine nasal mucosal cells but also offers a theoretical foundation for developing alternative models for human respiratory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"N-glycosylation of the envelope glycoprotein I is essential for the proliferation and virulence of the duck plague virus.","authors":"Yaru Ning, Mingshu Wang, Anchun Cheng, Qiao Yang, Bin Tian, Xumin Ou, Di Sun, Yu He, Zhen Wu, Xinxin Zhao, Shaqiu Zhang, Ying Wu, Juan Huang, Yanling Yu, Ling Zhang, Renyong Jia, Mafeng Liu, Dekang Zhu, Shun Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01398-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01398-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duck plague virus (DPV) causes the highly pathogenic duck plague, and the envelope glycoprotein I (gI), as one of the key virulence genes, has not yet had its critical virulence sites identified through screening. This study used reverse genetics technology to target the gI, specifically within the DPV genome. Four DPV mutants with gI N-glycosylation site mutations were designed and constructed, and these mutant strains were successfully rescued. Our results confirmed that three asparagine residues of gI (N<sub>69</sub>, N<sub>78</sub>, and N<sub>265</sub>) are N-glycosylation sites, and western blot analysis substantiated that glycosylation at each predicted N-glycosylation site was compromised. The deglycosylation of gI leads to the protein misfolding and subsequent retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The subsequent deglycosylated gI is carried into the Golgi apparatus (GM130) in the interaction of gE. Compared to the parental virus, the mutated virus shows a 66.3% reduction in intercellular transmission capability. In ducks, the deglycosylation of gI significantly reduces DPV replication in vivo, thereby weakening the virulence of DPV. This study represents the first successful creation of a weak DPV virus strain by specific mutation at the N-glycosylation site. The findings provide a foundational understanding of DPV pathogenesis and form the basis for developing live attenuated vaccines against the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11514881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanhua Wang, Sen Li, Congran Ning, Rongkun Yang, Yaxin Wu, Xu Cheng, Jike Xu, Yi Wang, Fei Liu, Yang Zhang, Sishun Hu, Yuncai Xiao, Zili Li, Zutao Zhou
{"title":"The outer membrane protein, OMP71, of Riemerella anatipestifer, mediates adhesion and virulence by binding to CD46 in ducks.","authors":"Yanhua Wang, Sen Li, Congran Ning, Rongkun Yang, Yaxin Wu, Xu Cheng, Jike Xu, Yi Wang, Fei Liu, Yang Zhang, Sishun Hu, Yuncai Xiao, Zili Li, Zutao Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01393-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01393-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Riemerella anatipestifer bacterium is known to cause infectious serositis in ducklings. Moreover, its adherence to the host's respiratory mucosa is a critical step in pathogenesis. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46) is a complement regulatory factor on the surface of eukaryotic cell membranes. Bacteria have been found to bind to this protein on host cells. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are necessary for adhesion, colonisation, and pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria; however, the mechanism by which R. anatipestifer adheres to duck cells remains unclear. In this study, pull-down assays and LC-MS/MS identified eleven OMPs interacting with duck CD46 (dCD46), with OMP71 exhibiting the strongest binding. The ability of an omp71 gene deletion strain to bind dCD46 is weaker than that of the wild-type strain, suggesting that this interaction is important. Further evidence of this interaction was obtained by synthesising OMP71 using an Escherichia coli recombinant protein expression system. Adhesion and invasion assays and protein and antibody blocking assays confirmed that OMP71 promoted the R. anatipestifer YM strain (RA-YM) adhesion to duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs) by binding to CD46. Tests of the pathogenicity of a Δomp71 mutant strain of RA-YM on ducks compared to the wild-type parent supported the hypothesis that OMP71 was a key virulence factor of RA-YM. In summary, the finding that R. anatipestifer exploits CD46 to bind to host cells via OMP71 increases our understanding of the molecular mechanism of R. anatipestifer invasion. The finding suggests potential targets for preventing and treating diseases related to R. anatipestifer infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research progress into the principles and methods underlying capsular typing of Glaesserella parasuis.","authors":"Yaxin Zhu, Lijun Guan, Junfeng Zhang, Yun Xue, Zhanqin Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01395-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01395-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaesserella parasuis (GPS) is an important bacterial pathogen of swine. Serotype identification has presented a bottleneck in GPS research since it was first identified as the pathogen causing Glässer's disease in pigs in 1910. This paper presents a systematic review of the history of the development and application of gel immunodiffusion (GID), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing methods for GPS, and the discovery of their shared antigenic basis. It provides a systematic theoretical overview of the immunology and principles underlying the three typing methods and offers new ideas for research into the prevention and control of Glässer's disease. In 1992, GPS was first classified into serotypes 1-15 using GID based on GPS heat-stable antigens, but about 25% of the strains were found to be non-typeable, and the composition of their antigens for serotyping was unclear. In 2003, the IHA method was established based on saline-extracted antigens of GPS, whose sensitivity and typing rate were higher than for GID, although about 15% of strains were still found to be non-typeable. The results of IHA and GID typing are roughly consistent, since they share the same GPS surface polysaccharide serotyping antigens, although whether these are capsular polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, or other polysaccharides, remains to be determined. In 2013, the Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) synthetic gene clusters from GPS serotypes 1-15 were successfully analyzed, confirming that CPS is essential for the formation of antigens for serotyping. In 2015, primers were designed based on the specific target genes of GPS capsules to establish a PCR typing method (H-PCR) for GPS, which, however, could not identify serotypes 5 and 12. In 2017, a new PCR typing method (J-PCR) was established based on the specific target genes of GPS capsules, which could identify serotypes 5 and 12. A combination of the two PCR typing methods enables the typing of almost all GPS strains, and the consistency with GID and IHA was verified using molecular biological methods. The antigenic basis of the three typing methods was shown to involve the GPS capsule. PCR typing methods are characterized by simple operation, fast speed, and low cost, and can successfully solve many problems in GID and IHA serotyping, and so have become widely adopted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11481780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"LysoPE mediated by respiratory microorganism Aeromicrobium camelliae alleviates H9N2 challenge in mice.","authors":"Qingsong Yan, Junhong Xing, Ruonan Zou, Mingjie Sun, Boshi Zou, Yingjie Wang, Tianming Niu, Tong Yu, Haibin Huang, Wentao Yang, Chunwei Shi, Guilian Yang, Chunfeng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01391-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01391-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza remains a severe respiratory illness that poses significant global health threats. Recent studies have identified distinct microbial communities within the respiratory tract, from nostrils to alveoli. This research explores specific anti-influenza respiratory microbes using a mouse model supported by 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. The study found that transferring respiratory microbes from mice that survived H9N2 influenza to antibiotic-treated mice enhanced infection resistance. Notably, the levels of Aeromicrobium were significantly higher in the surviving mice. Mice pre-treated with antibiotics and then inoculated with Aeromicrobium camelliae showed reduced infection severity, as evidenced by decreased weight loss, higher survival rates, and lower lung viral titres. Metabolomic analysis revealed elevated LysoPE (16:0) levels in mildly infected mice. In vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that LysoPE (16:0) suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression, enhancing anti-influenza defences. Our findings suggest that Aeromicrobium camelliae could serve as a potential agent for influenza prevention and a prognostic marker for influenza outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yoshinori Kambayashi, Manabu Nemoto, Akihiro Ochi, Daiki Kishi, Takanori Ueno, Koji Tsujimura, Hiroshi Bannai, Nanako Kawanishi, Minoru Ohta, Tohru Suzuki
{"title":"Equine coronavirus infection and replication in equine intestinal enteroids.","authors":"Yoshinori Kambayashi, Manabu Nemoto, Akihiro Ochi, Daiki Kishi, Takanori Ueno, Koji Tsujimura, Hiroshi Bannai, Nanako Kawanishi, Minoru Ohta, Tohru Suzuki","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01381-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-024-01381-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, equine intestinal enteroids (EIEs) were generated from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and inoculated with equine coronavirus (ECoV) to investigate their suitability as in vitro models with which to study ECoV infection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the EIEs were composed of various cell types expressed in vivo in the intestinal epithelium. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and virus titration showed that ECoV had infected and replicated in the EIEs. These results were corroborated by electron microscopy. This study suggests that EIEs can be novel in vitro tools for studying the interaction between equine intestinal epithelium and ECoV.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kerstin Wernike, Luisa Fischer, Sönke Twietmeyer, Martin Beer
{"title":"Extensive Schmallenberg virus circulation in Germany, 2023.","authors":"Kerstin Wernike, Luisa Fischer, Sönke Twietmeyer, Martin Beer","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01389-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01389-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are both transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and infect predominantly ruminants. To investigate the extent of virus spread in the 2022 and 2023 vector seasons, we serologically tested wild ruminants from western Germany. While antibodies against BTV were not detected in any animal, regardless of age or sampling time, numerous wild ruminants tested positive for antibodies to SBV. In 2022, a low seroprevalence of 4.92% was measured. In sharp contrast, 40.15% of the animals tested positive in 2023. Of the young animals, about 31.82% were seropositive, clearly indicating large-scale SBV circulation in summer and autumn 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A chimeric strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 derived from HP-PRRSV and NADC30-like PRRSV confers cross-protection against both strains.","authors":"Yang Li, Yumiao Wang, Xiuxiu Pei, Shao Chen, Yang Jing, Yongshuai Wu, Zhiqian Ma, Zhiwei Li, Zifang Zheng, Yingtong Feng, Lele Xu, Xiao Liu, Xuyang Guo, Haixue Zheng, Shuqi Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-024-01390-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-024-01390-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most significant swine viral infectious diseases worldwide. Vaccination is a key strategy for the control and prevention of PRRS. At present, the NADC30-like PRRSV strain has become the predominant epidemic strain in China, superseding the HP-PRRSV strain. The existing commercial vaccines offer substantial protection against HP-PRRSV, but their efficacy against NADC30-like PRRSV is limited. The development of a novel vaccine that can provide valuable cross-protection against both NADC30-like PRRSV and HP-PRRSV is highly important. In this study, an infectious clone of a commercial MLV vaccine strain, GD (HP-PRRSV), was first generated (named rGD). A recombinant chimeric PRRSV strain, rGD-SX-5U2, was subsequently constructed by using rGD as a backbone and embedding several dominant immune genes, including the NSP2, ORF5, ORF6, and ORF7 genes, from an NADC30-like PRRSV isolate. In vitro experiments demonstrated that chimeric PRRSV rGD-SX-5U2 exhibited high tropism for MARC-145 cells, which is of paramount importance in the production of PRRSV vaccines. Moreover, subsequent in vivo inoculation and challenge experiments demonstrated that rGD-SX-5U2 confers cross-protection against both HP-PRRSV and NADC30-like PRRSV, including an improvement in ADG levels and a reduction in viremia and lung tissue lesions. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that the chimeric PRRSV strain rGD-SX-5U2 is a novel approach that can provide broad-spectrum protection against both HP-PRRSV and NADC30-like PRRSV. This may be a significant improvement over previous MLV vaccinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}