Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence and genetic diversity of the zoonotic rat hepatitis E virus in small mammal species, Spain.","authors":"Javier Caballero-Gómez, Tomás Fajardo-Alonso, Lucia Rios-Muñoz, Raúl Cuadrado-Matías, Aitor Somoano, Rosario Panadero, María Casares-Jiménez, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Laura Ruiz, Adrián Beato-Benítez, Francisco Ruiz-Fons, Débora Jiménez-Martín, Alberto Espí, Ana Del Cerro, Remigio Martínez, Mario Frías, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Antonio Rivero","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01492-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01492-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV-C1) is a newly zoonotic and globally distributed virus of increasing public health concern. Although rats of the genus Rattus are the main reservoir of this emerging virus, the role of other small mammals in the epidemiology of ratHEV-C1 in Europe is unknown as large-scale survey studies specifically assessing the circulation of ratHEV-C1 in these species have not yet been conducted. In this study, we examined active ratHEV-C1 infection in 514 animals from seven different small mammal species sampled throughout Spain. The presence of viral RNA was evaluated for ratHEV-C1 infection using RT-qPCRs in liver tissue. Sequencing and analysis of ratHEV-C1 shedding in faeces were carried out in positive animals. Viral RNA was detected in 15 individuals (mean Ct value: 34.5), supposing a frequency of 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8-4.8). We confirmed ratHEV infection in house mice (14.5%; 11/76), common voles (0.7%; 2/288) and garden dormice (25.0%; 2/8) and viral shedding in faeces in 36.4% (4/11) of positive house mice. Infected animals were detected in urban areas, small ruminant farms and rural areas throughout Spain. Our sequences showed a considerable genetic diversity, and they were closely related with ratHEV-C1 strains detected in human and rats from Spain, Germany and Hungary. Our study confirms that ratHEV is not limited to Rattus genus, identifying other rodents' species as potential host of ratHEV-C1 in Europe. Our results highlight the importance of continued surveillance in animals to fully understand the dynamics of ratHEV-C1 and its impact on public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11938671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host restriction factors against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: a mini-review.","authors":"Hongqing Zheng, Cunyi Qiu, Haolun Tian, Xiaofu Zhu, Baoying Yin, Zhiding Zhou, Xuezhao Li, Jingjing Zhao","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01500-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01500-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Porcine epidemic diarrhea is an acute contagious disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), which severely constrains the development of the global swine industry. Host restriction factors constitute a vital defensive barrier against viral infections, typically interacting with viruses at specific stages of their replication process to disrupt it. Considering that traditional PEDV vaccines often struggle to effectively activate mucosal immunity in sows and thereby fail to provide reliable passive immunity to piglets via milk, this review focuses on the host restriction factors that play crucial roles in restricting PEDV infection and replication. The aim is to identify potential targets for the development of anti-PEDV drugs and offer insights for the exploration of novel vaccine adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Development and characterization of reverse genetics systems of feline infectious peritonitis virus for antiviral research.","authors":"Guoqian Gu, To Sing Fung, Wong Tsz Hung, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Yun Young Go","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01498-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01498-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11934533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma metabolomics of Mycoplasma synoviae infection in SPF White Leghorn hens by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.","authors":"Chun Wang, Qing Wang, Yang Li, Zhaoyang Wang, Bo Hou, Naiji Zhou, Weitao Cui, Sishun Hu, Yuncai Xiao, Wanpo Zhang, Hongbo Zhou, Zili Li, Zutao Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01494-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01494-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycoplasma synoviae (M. synoviae) is a major bacterial pathogen that causes serious economic losses in the global poultry industry. Systemic changes in specific pathogen free White Leghorn egg-laying hens after M. synoviae infection were investigated using intra-tracheally inoculated animals. Samples were collected 10 days post-infection (dpi) (204-day-old) and 52 dpi (246-day-old). Infection caused air sac lesion, footpad swelling and oviduct atrophy. The qPCR and in situ hybridization showed that bacteria colonized the trachea and oviduct, and that bacterial loads in the magnum and uterus were significantly higher than in the infundibulum and isthmus. Histopathological examination revealed increased tracheal mucosal thickening accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, and that tubular glands of the uterus were edematous or dissolved. Infection also induced decreased egg production and eggshell strength, and eggshell apex abnormalities appeared at 14 dpi. Plasma metabolomics of hens analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed 168 and 128 differentially-expressed metabolites (DEM) at 10 and 52 dpi, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed that DEM at 10 dpi were enriched in five distinctive pathways: regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, sphingolipid metabolism, gap junctions, and necroptosis. In contrast, DEM at 52 dpi were enriched in fifteen pathways involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis, ferroptosis, the calcium signaling pathway, apelin signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and oocyte meiosis. Combined metabolic analysis demonstrated that changes in ethylsalicylate, nicotinamide, (3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylene glycol sulfate, sphingosine-1-phosphate (d18:1), carnitine C24:6, and 15(R)-prostaglandin E1 correlated the best with M. synoviae infection. This study provides new insights into understanding pathogen mechanisms and signposts novel treatments for M. synoviae infection in poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of an artificially attenuated fowl adenovirus 4 viral vector using the reverse genetics system based on full-length infectious clone.","authors":"Zhihui Tang, Dengfei Feng, Wentao Fan, Liping Yan, Suquan Song","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01496-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01496-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus with a 43-45 kb genome. This characteristic makes it a promising viral vector for expressing other antigens in developing multi-valent or multi-series vaccines in the poultry industry. To create an easy-to-use reverse genetics system for manipulating FAdV-4 genomic DNA, a full-length infectious clone of FAdV-4 was constructed using lambda Red-mediated recombination in Escherichia coli DH10B. Viable viruses were successfully rescued after the transfection of linearised infectious clones into LMH cells. The rescued viruses showed the same cytopathic effect and growth kinetics as wild-type FAdV-4 viruses. Based on the FAdV-4 infectious clone, the hexon coding sequence of the high-pathogenicity FAdV-4 was replaced by that of the nonpathogenic FAdV-4 using lambda Red-mediated recombination combined with rpsL counter selection without leaving extra sequences after engineering. The rescued recombinant virus was highly attenuated and showed low pathogenicity to 21-day-old SPF chickens. Hereto, the easy-to-use reverse genetics system for FAdV-4 was successfully established. With this platform, the genomic DNA of FAdV-4 can be manipulated and purified in DH10B, making it quicker and easier to generate a recombinant FAdV-4 virus to develop multi-valent/multi-series vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"62"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic interplay between RNA N⁶-methyladenosine modification and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection.","authors":"Zi-Han Wang, Jing Li, Sai-Ya Ma, Meng-Xuan Liu, Yu-Fei Zhan, Feng Jin, Bing-Xin Liu, Wenjing Wang, Mei He, Yu-Chuan Yang, Yandong Tang, Peng Wang, Wuchao Zhang, Jie Tong","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01495-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01495-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) has attracted significant attention for its role in regulating the complex interaction between viruses and host cells. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen affecting swine health worldwide. Here, we first identified seven m⁶A-enriched peaks in PRRSV genomic RNA by m⁶A RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (m⁶A-seq). Moreover, functional analyses revealed a positive correlation between the m⁶A modification level and PRRSV replication. Treatment with the universal methylation inhibitor 3-deazaadenosine (3-DAA) effectively suppressed PRRSV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, m⁶A-seq was also used to determine the m⁶A landscape of the transcriptome in PAMs infected with pandemic or highly pathogenic PRRSV strains. Among the 4677 transcripts exhibiting altered m⁶A modification levels, the MAPK14 gene and the p38/MAPK signalling pathway emerged as preliminary targets of m⁶A-mediated epigenetic regulation during PRRSV infection. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying PRRSV infection and may facilitate the development of anti-PRRSV therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of surface antigen suppression by ApiAP2 and its implications for vaccine development.","authors":"Peiyao Li, Rina Su, Ganglin Ren, Hongbin Si, Xingju Song, Dandan Hu","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01491-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01491-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The apicomplexan parasite Eimeria is the causative agent of coccidiosis, which results in enteritis in animals and imposes a significant economic burden on the farming industry. Apicomplexan Apetala2/ERF (ApiAP2) transcription factors are known to play crucial roles in various processes of Apicomplexa parasites. However, little is understood regarding the role of ApiAP2s in Eimeria species. In this study, we performed a functional characterisation of ApiAP2 through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout. Our results revealed that the parasite's invasion efficiency, total oocyst output, and virulence were significantly impaired after EtAP2-S1 depletion. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) analyses showed that EtAP2-S1 targets the promoters of numerous genes, and its knockout resulted in the up-regulation of 59 sag genes. Furthermore, the knockout strain exhibited significantly lower virulence while offering excellent immune protection, making it a promising candidate for a vaccine. This study demonstrates that EtAP2-S1 is a fitness-conferring gene that suppresses the expression of sag genes in E. tenella, which is the first step in developing gene-knockout vaccines to control coccidiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143693562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Glutathione reductase modulates endogenous oxidative stress and affects growth and virulence in Avibacterium paragallinarum.","authors":"Yan Zhi, Chen Mei, Zhenyi Liu, Ying Liu, Hongjun Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01499-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01499-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inactivated and ISA 61 VG adjuvanted vaccine enhances protection against cross-serotype Listeria monocytogenes.","authors":"Fanzeng Meng, Ye Wang, Chao Chen, Tianxiang Pan, Jing Li, Yao Xu, Zegang Wang, Hao Yao, Xin'an Jiao, Yuelan Yin","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01483-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01483-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Listeriosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), posing a significant threat to the breeding industry and public health. Ruminant livestock are particularly susceptible to Lm,  thus effective strategies are needed for controlling ovine listeriosis. In this study, we developed two inactivated vaccines and evaluated their efficacy against Lm infection in murine and ovine models. We inactivated the Lm serotype 4h XYSN strain and adjuvanted it with water-in-oil ISA 61 VG (61 VG-AIV) or aluminum (Al-AIV). Pathological observations confirmed the safety of both vaccines in mice and sheep. The immunological assays demonstrated that, compared with the Al-AIV, the 61 VG-AIV induced higher levels of Lm-specific antibodies and proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the ISA 61 VG adjuvant has superior immunostimulatory effects compared with the alum adjuvant. 61 VG-AIV elicited greater immunoprotection than Al-AIV (83.4% vs. 50%) against serotype 4h Lm strain challenge in mice. Additionally, 61 VG-AIV afforded cross-protection against challenges with serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b Lm strains. Importantly, high immunoprotection in sheep was conferred by the 61 VG-AIV group (83.4%). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the ISA 61 VG adjuvant contributes to enhancing the humoral and cellular immune responses of inactivated Lm, and 61 VG-AIV is a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of animal listeriosis. This research lays a solid foundation for its application in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11924870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143671160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot-and-mouth disease dynamics in multi-species livestock systems at the interface of African protected areas.","authors":"Oriane Ploquin, Vladimir Grosbois, Mthabisi Ndlovu, Simbarashe Ndozore, Martin Munzamba, Emildah Porovha, Khanyile Nkomo, Oriane Basso, Gaelle Corbel, Richard Shumba, Masocha D Mhlanga, Ellen Mwandirigana, Benjamin Musekiwa, Elijah Takayindisa, Anais Loisier, Hervé Fritz, Florian Liégeois, Alexandre Caron, Franck Prugnolle, Eve Miguel","doi":"10.1186/s13567-025-01487-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13567-025-01487-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many pathogens have the capacity to infect multiple hosts. Multi-species epidemiological systems are characterized by populations that interact and perform different functions in pathogen transmission and maintenance. This study investigated the epidemiological dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus in cattle and goats and their respective functions in disease circulation within sympatric livestock populations adjacent to wildlife areas in Zimbabwe. Through year-long longitudinal serological monitoring, the spatial distributions of FMD antibodies and associated risk factors were examined. The results revealed significantly greater FMDV seroprevalence in cattle than in goats, with serostatus in cattle being influenced by proximity to wildlife areas. In contrast, goats presented a lower seroprevalence, less variation among age groups, and no association with proximity to protected areas. On the other hand, clustering analysis indicated the absence of clustering of seropositive individuals at the herd scale, suggesting low levels of virus transmission between animals belonging to the same herd in both species. These findings highlight the significance of context-dependent interactions among hosts, particularly with wildlife. This study emphasizes the necessity of comprehensive surveillance and strain identification across multiple sympatric species, both wild and domestic, for the effective management of multi-host pathogens. In conclusion, this research contributes to understanding the complex dynamics of FMD transmission in rural areas in Zimbabwe and emphasizes the importance of tailored surveillance strategies in diverse ecological settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23658,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}