IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114732

Shihao Zhu , Yiming Luo , Yonglei Jia , Yao Pan , Hui Luo , Bing Lei , Bin Zhang

{"title":"Gas outgassing and mitigation in hemispherical resonator gyroscope for high vacuum maintenance","authors":"Shihao Zhu , Yiming Luo , Yonglei Jia , Yao Pan , Hui Luo , Bing Lei , Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The outgassing characteristics of adhesives and the sorption characteristics of getters inside the hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) were investigated. For this purpose, four types of adhesives required for the assembly of the HRG were each prepared in a separate glass chamber. The outgassing components and rates of the adhesives were evaluated using a quadrupole mass spectrometer and a real-time vacuum pressure monitoring system, respectively. In addition, the pumping speeds and sorption capacities for H<sub>2</sub> and CO of three types of getters potentially employed in the HRG were tested via the constant-pressure method. Consequently, by integrating the adhesive with the lowest outgassing rate and the getter with the most comparative advantage, a vacuum maintenance experiment within a cavity of equal volume to the HRG demonstrated sustained pressure levels less than 10<sup>−4</sup> Pa over 2500 h. The investigation illustrated in this paper presents a practical strategy for prolonging high vacuum conditions in HRGs and yields a novel scheme for the long-term high vacuum maintenance in the HRG microcavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114732"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of sealing effect about the Shape Memory Alloy-based Knife-edge Seal System in extraterrestrial soil sample return mission 形状记忆合金刀口密封系统在地外土壤样品返回任务中的密封效果研究

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114731

Jin Wang , Ruguang Zhang , Wenfeng Li , Yongjun Wang , Ming Hao , Kun Liu , Yuanhua Xie , Huzhong Zhang , Chengdan He , Yan Zhang , Detian Li , Zhenlin Wang

{"title":"Study of sealing effect about the Shape Memory Alloy-based Knife-edge Seal System in extraterrestrial soil sample return mission","authors":"Jin Wang , Ruguang Zhang , Wenfeng Li , Yongjun Wang , Ming Hao , Kun Liu , Yuanhua Xie , Huzhong Zhang , Chengdan He , Yan Zhang , Detian Li , Zhenlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep space exploration missions critically require reliable sealing system for extraterrestrial sample containment and return. This study presents a Shape Memory Alloy-based Knife-edge Seal System (SMAKSS) designed specifically for this demanding application. Through an integrated approach combining numerical modeling and experimental validation, we systematically investigated the system's sealing performance. A thermo-mechanical finite element model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) ring's thermally-induced contraction behavior and stress distribution during sealing. Moreover, the experiment investigates trends in both leakage rates and knife-edge penetration depths in SMAKSS systems with four different blade angles and tip radius under increasing heating temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate that the configuration with a 45° blade angle and a 0.1 mm tip radius achieves the deepest penetration depth and generates the highest compressive stress, achieving a minimal leakage rate of 3.53 × 10<sup>−11</sup> Pa m<sup>3</sup>/s at a heating temperature of 150 °C. This leakage rate meets the stringent sealing requirements for extraterrestrial sample containment, establishing SMAKSS as a promising solution for planetary exploration applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of controlled nitrogen potential on the phase composition and corrosion resistance of gas nitrided 45# steel 控制氮电位对45#气氮化钢相组成及耐蚀性的影响

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114725

Duo Ma , Yue Yu , Jiaqi Liu , Xiao Wang , Tong Zhang , Qingkun He , Yanpeng Xue , Jinquan Sun

{"title":"Effect of controlled nitrogen potential on the phase composition and corrosion resistance of gas nitrided 45# steel","authors":"Duo Ma , Yue Yu , Jiaqi Liu , Xiao Wang , Tong Zhang , Qingkun He , Yanpeng Xue , Jinquan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of nitrogen potential on the phase composition, microstructure and corrosion resistance of gas-nitrided 45# steel. Advanced characterization techniques, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, EBSD, and TEM, were employed to analyze the microstructure of the compound layer. At a low nitrogen potential (0.786 atm<sup>−1/2</sup>), the compound layer exhibited a mixed-phase structure dominated by γ′-Fe<sub>4</sub>N, which resulted in high porosity (23.22 %) and poor corrosion resistance. As the nitrogen potential increased to 1.500 atm<sup>−1/2</sup>, a dense, single-phase ε-Fe<sub>2-3</sub>N layer was formed, leading to minimal porosity (1.22 %) and highly corrosion resistance. However, when the nitrogen potential was elevated to a high level (3.000 atm<sup>−1/2</sup>), nitrogen supersaturation led to local denitriding, structural fragmentation, and increased porosity (27.94 %). Furthermore, during the cooling process, portion of the ε-Fe<sub>2-3</sub>N was transformed to γ′-Fe<sub>4</sub>N, which impairing corrosion resistance. These results demonstrate that nitrogen potential plays a critical role in determining both phase formation and densification of the compound layer. Proper control of the nitrogen potential enables the formation of a stable ε-Fe<sub>2-3</sub>N layer with minimal porosity, providing significantly improved resistance against general and localized corrosion. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing nitrogen parameters to enhance surface durability of 45# steel components in chloride-containing environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanostructure-dictated bonding strength: thermal transfer & diffusion barrier in palladium coatings on copper wires 纳米结构决定键合强度：铜线上钯涂层的热传递和扩散屏障

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114728

Shaolin Li , Jiyuan Li , Kexing Song , Yanjun Zhou , Jun Cao , Fei Cao , Hui Su , Zhichao Wang

{"title":"Nanostructure-dictated bonding strength: thermal transfer & diffusion barrier in palladium coatings on copper wires","authors":"Shaolin Li , Jiyuan Li , Kexing Song , Yanjun Zhou , Jun Cao , Fei Cao , Hui Su , Zhichao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The redistribution of the palladium coating on the surface of palladium-coated copper wires during the bonding process is a critical factor influencing the bond connections of chips and wires. In this paper, a micro-area coating technique was used to obtain palladium-coated copper wires with varying characteristics by controlling the heating temperature. Ball formation and ball bonding experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution process of the palladium coating and its impact on bonding strength. The results indicate that at 400 °C, the thickness distribution of the palladium coating on the coated copper wire is uniform, with larger nanocrystal sizes and narrower amorphous band widths, forming larger free air ball (FAB) sizes and thicker redistribution coatings. The bonding interface exhibits a continuous and uniformly distributed palladium coating, with higher bond connection strength. For copper wires subjected to secondary heating at 300 °C, there is a significant fluctuation in coating thickness with a wider range of nanocrystal sizes and a broader width of the amorphous band. At this juncture, thinner and discontinuous coatings form at the bonding interface alongside Al<sub>2</sub>Cu intermetallic compounds emerging, which leads to reduced bonding connection strength. The distribution of nanocrystals and amorphous regions within the coating influences the melting behavior and redistribution dynamics of coatings by changing thermal transfer behavior. The strength of the bonding interface is modified by the palladium coating at the interface due to blocking the diffusion between copper and aluminum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114728"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic evolution of Sr during high-temperature phase transition in Sr-doped TiO2: Insights from In Situ XRD and DFT analysis Sr掺杂TiO2高温相变过程中Sr的动态演化：原位XRD和DFT分析

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114729

Qing Wang, Ying Zhang, Hang Xiong, Liulu Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Qingguo Wang, Bo Zhu, Benjun Xu

{"title":"Dynamic evolution of Sr during high-temperature phase transition in Sr-doped TiO2: Insights from In Situ XRD and DFT analysis","authors":"Qing Wang, Ying Zhang, Hang Xiong, Liulu Zhang, Yuan Yuan, Qingguo Wang, Bo Zhu, Benjun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high‐temperature anatase-to-rutile phase transition in TiO<sub>2</sub> has been extensively investigated; however, the evolution of dopant ions during this process, and their effects on the crystal lattice and electronic structure, remain poorly understood. Herein, we combined semiquantitative Rietveld refinement of high-temperature <em>in situ</em> X-ray diffraction (XRD) data with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations to systematically elucidate the evolution of Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> during its phase transition from 750 °C to 950 °C. At 750 °C, only the SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (110) reflection was observed, while rutile emerged at 800 °C; at higher temperatures, anatase and rutile coexisted with SrTiO<sub>3</sub>. Interstitial and substitutional Sr models in anatase and rutile were constructed based on the unit‐cell parameters of pure TiO<sub>2</sub>. For the first time, the Sr evolution mechanism during the phase transition was clarified through differential charge density maps, Mulliken charge analyses, and Ti–O bond length calculations. The three-stage evolution mechanism includes: (i) interstitial and substitutional solid-solution coexistence, (ii) substitution-dominated lattice expansion, and (iii) solid-solution saturation followed by exsolution to form SrTiO<sub>3</sub>. This study provides theoretical guidance for tuning TiO<sub>2</sub> phase transition temperatures, grain size, and defect structures through Sr doping and provides deeper insights into the high-temperature behavior of metal ions in TiO<sub>2</sub> systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114729"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145046015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics and behaviors analysis of etch pits in 4H-SiC epilayers by molten KOH etching 熔融KOH蚀刻4H-SiC薄膜中蚀刻坑的特征及行为分析

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114730

Xiyao Huang, Mingsheng Xu, Ling Guo, Shuqiang Li, Xinyue Hou, Yue Qiu, Jisheng Han, Xiangang Xu

{"title":"Characteristics and behaviors analysis of etch pits in 4H-SiC epilayers by molten KOH etching","authors":"Xiyao Huang, Mingsheng Xu, Ling Guo, Shuqiang Li, Xinyue Hou, Yue Qiu, Jisheng Han, Xiangang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The etch rates of molten-alkali etching fluctuates among different types of 4H-SiC epilayers, due to Fermi levels variations. This inconsistency makes it challenging to identify dislocations based solely on etch pit shapes and sizes. The three-dimensional characteristics of etch pits in 4H-SiC epilayers by molten alkali (KOH) etching were characterized. Through analysis of the dislocation strain fields, the inclination angles of etch pits have been adopted to distinguish basal plane dislocations (BPDs), threading edge dislocations (TEDs) and threading screw dislocations (TSDs) in epilayer. The angles for BPDs, TEDs and TSDs are in the range of 2 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>-5 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, 7 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>-12 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> and 29 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>-44 <span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, respectively, regardless of doping types or etch time. Measurements of etch pit angle variations demonstrated that dislocations extending along the c-axis produce larger etch pits compared to those whose extension deviates from the c-axis. The mechanism underlying changes in etch pit shape was analyzed via depth profiles. The conversion of BPDs to TEDs at the substrate-epilayer interface induces a hexagonal-to-elliptical morphological transition of etch pits with prolonged etching time. This study provides fundamental insights into the dislocation etching mechanisms in 4H-SiC epilayers and develops a reliable analytical method for precise dislocation characterization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of substrate stage height on single crystal diamond growth in MPCVD reactor: Simulated and experimental perspective 衬底级高对MPCVD反应器中单晶金刚石生长的影响：模拟和实验的角度

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114723

Saibin Han , Yingnan Wang , Ziang Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chuanwen Song , Xiufei Hu , Lei Ge , Xiwei Wang , Yan Peng , Mingsheng Xu , Xiangang Xu

{"title":"Effect of substrate stage height on single crystal diamond growth in MPCVD reactor: Simulated and experimental perspective","authors":"Saibin Han , Yingnan Wang , Ziang Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Chuanwen Song , Xiufei Hu , Lei Ge , Xiwei Wang , Yan Peng , Mingsheng Xu , Xiangang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of high-quality single crystal diamonds is crucial for achieving efficient, high-performance electronic devices, optical systems, and power devices. Recently, simulation of the diamond MPCVD growth chamber has become a hot research topic, as it can guide the growth process and reduce costs. Among them, the substrate stage structure has a great influence on the physical fields of the chamber. Some studies have discussed the influence of the substrate stage height on the chamber in a H<sub>2</sub> system, ignoring the influence of CH<sub>4</sub> on the plasma and radical distribution. Here, a self-consistent model including electromagnetic field, plasma, and fluid heat transfer is developed to systematically simulate the plasma behavior in the CH<sub>4</sub>-H<sub>2</sub> reaction chamber for MPCVD diamond growth. The study focuses on analyzing the effect of substrate stage height on plasma distribution within the chamber, including the distribution of the electric field, electron density, temperature field, and radical concentrations (CH<sub>3</sub>, H). In addition, the accuracy of the simulation was verified by In-situ optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and experimental results. This investigation aims to clarify the relationship between plasma dynamics and diamond growth reactions, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the growth mechanisms of high-quality diamond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal–organic coordination with thermally controlled protection 金属有机配位，热控保护

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114706

Aaman Akhtar Ahmed , Wei-Cheng Hong , Xuan Feng , Liu Jian Feng , Yi-Kai Huang , Chen-Yi Lou , Hideki Okamoto , Germar Hoffmann

{"title":"Metal–organic coordination with thermally controlled protection","authors":"Aaman Akhtar Ahmed , Wei-Cheng Hong , Xuan Feng , Liu Jian Feng , Yi-Kai Huang , Chen-Yi Lou , Hideki Okamoto , Germar Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The field of On-Surface Synthesis, which involves creating two-dimensional structures by covalently coupling simple molecules directly on surfaces, has seen remarkable advancements in the past decade, with new synthetic methods constantly emerging. The inherent constraints of working in two dimensions and the inability to use solutions for precursor exchange and byproduct removal are slowing down progress. Recent breakthroughs, such as using atomic hydrogen to remove byproducts and synthesize radicals on surfaces, have shown promise.</div><div>Drawing inspiration from traditional chemistry, we introduce the concept of protective groups to gain greater control over on-surface reactions. Specifically, we demonstrate the chemical protection of an imide group by attaching an alkyl functional group to a [5]phenacenediimide molecule. This protection strategy effectively delays the metal coordination of the imide group until the significantly higher temperature at which the alkyl group detaches. Furthermore, the volatile nature of the alkyl byproducts allows for their inherent removal, facilitates clean surfaces. Our findings successfully illustrate the potential of using protective groups as a powerful tool to further direct and refine On-Surface Synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial Board and Vacuum units 编辑委员会和真空单位

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/S0042-207X(25)00701-8

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on field emission current distribution between contacts of vacuum circuit breakers during DC closing 真空断路器直流合闸过程中触点场发射电流分布的实验研究

IF 3.9 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114719

Yun Geng , Xiaofei Yao , Minju Xu , Xiaoshe Zhai , Yingsan Geng , Zhiyuan Liu

{"title":"Experimental study on field emission current distribution between contacts of vacuum circuit breakers during DC closing","authors":"Yun Geng , Xiaofei Yao , Minju Xu , Xiaoshe Zhai , Yingsan Geng , Zhiyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the background of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission and renewable energy integration, the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB), as a key device for control and protection, plays a vital role in determining the insulation performance during the initial closing process, which directly impacts the stability and safety of system operation. However, current research predominantly focuses on alternating current (AC) conditions, with limited experimental evidence and statistical modeling concerning pre-strike behavior under direct current (DC) conditions. To address this gap, this study investigates single-break vacuum interrupters (VIs) with two typical contact structures: axial magnetic field (AMF) cup-type contacts and transverse magnetic field (TMF) spiral-type contacts. A dedicated DC dynamic insulation performance test platform was developed, and closing experiments were conducted at voltage levels of 20 kV, 40 kV, and 60 kV. The field emission current and contact gap data during the pre-strike stage were systematically recorded. The results show that the pre-strike current increases with voltage, accompanied by significant changes in pre-strike gap distribution. Both current and gap data conform to a three-parameter Weibull distribution. A strong negative linear correlation was observed between emission current and pre-strike gap, indicating that the effective electric field between electrodes plays a decisive role in electron emission behavior. These findings provide new experimental evidence for understanding the initiation mechanism of vacuum breakdown and offer theoretical and data support for insulation evaluation and phase-controlled closing strategy optimization of VCBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145007732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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