Vacuum最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of capacitive closing pre-breakdown arcing ignition characteristics of vacuum circuit breaker","authors":"Enyuan Dong ,&nbsp;Dengkui Zhang ,&nbsp;Hanwu Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhibing Li ,&nbsp;Ran Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Fan ,&nbsp;Yongxing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high-frequency pre-breakdown arcs generated by closing surge currents can cause contact surface damage and material transfer, thereby reducing the capacitive breaking capability of vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs). To thoroughly investigate the characteristics of vacuum arcs under capacitive closing conditions, an L-C oscillation test platform was constructed. This platform incorporates a detachable arc-extinguishing chamber and cup-type axial magnetic field CuCr contacts. Quantitative analysis of vacuum arc characteristics under different inrush current parameters (current, frequency) and pre-breakdown gaps was conducted, with high-speed cameras employed to capture cathode spot behavior during the arcing process. Experimental results demonstrate that variations in inrush current parameters directly affect the initial formation speed and spatial expansion range of the arc, thereby determining the distribution characteristics of cathode spots and the stability of the arcing process. Based on these findings, the correlation between inrush current parameters and contact surface ablation was established. The research outcomes not only provide a theoretical basis for dynamic evaluating the capacitive breaking capability of VCBs throughout their entire lifecycle but also enable a quantitative improvement in this capability through optimization of arc parameters, achieving the conditioning effect of vacuum interrupter contacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance full-swing a-HfInZnO inverter and advanced integrated logic circuits","authors":"Sandeep Kumar Maurya ,&nbsp;Eun Ji Yang ,&nbsp;Sang Yeol Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the fabrication and characterization of high-performance, full-swing inverter and logic circuits based on amorphous hafnium-indium-zinc-oxide (a-HIZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with varying channel layer thicknesses. Structural and compositional analyses were performed to validate the amorphous nature and chemical uniformity of the HIZO matrix. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the absence of crystallinity. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX) elemental mapping revealed homogeneous distribution of Hf, In, Zn, and O, supporting the multicomponent oxide system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was conducted to investigate the elemental composition and oxidation states of Hf, In, Zn, and O. The transmission line method (TLM) was utilized to ensure ohmic contact between the electrodes and the channel layer, and to calculate total resistance, sheet resistance, and contact resistance. The TFTs demonstrated excellent electrical performance, including a maximum field-effect mobility of 13.5 <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, an on/off current ratio of 10<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, and stable operation under temperature stress. The a-HIZO-based inverters achieved a maximum voltage gain of 32.38 at a supply voltage of 16 V. In addition, logic circuits, such as NOR and NAND gates, were fabricated, showcasing sharp transfer characteristics. These results highlight the potential of a-HIZO TFTs for advanced electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of preheating treatment on FGH4108 superalloy powder","authors":"Guohui Dou ,&nbsp;Jiantao Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FGH4108 is a newly designed fourth generation powder metallurgy superalloy. In this paper, the microstructure, precipitate and element distribution of FGH4108 powder prepared by argon atomization after preheating treatment at different temperatures were characterized and analyzed. The effect of preheating temperature on the carbide evolution and surface state of FGH4108 powder was systematically studied. The results show that the carbide forming elements (Ta, Nb, Ti, Hf, Cr, W, Mo) and C of the powder are enriched towards the interior during preheating treatment. As preheating temperature increases, the degree of elemental enrichment increases, the oxidation degree of the powder surface and the oxygen content in the precipitated phase increase. The metastable MC' carbides in the powder transform into stable MC carbides, and the contents of Ta, Nb, Ti and Hf in the carbides increase with the increase of preheating temperature. At the same time, M₂₃C₆ and M₆C carbides are formed. When preheating temperature is less than 1050 °C, the two coexist, and M₂₃C₆ carbides are not observed after 1100 °C. In addition, γ′ phase is also precipitated in the powder. As preheating temperature increases, the morphology changes from round to square and the size increases. The increase of preheating temperature promotes the homogenization of the powder microstructure, and precipitates changes from continuous intergranular distribution to dispersed distribution. More C elements are fixed in carbides by strong carbide forming elements. This improves the stability and distribution of carbides in the powder, which is beneficial to reduce the continuous precipitation of carbides on the surface of the powder during hot isostatic pressing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spangle formation on surface of Galvalume steel sheets: Study of microstructure control through cooling dynamics and titanium addition","authors":"Kaidi Hu ,&nbsp;Xiantao Yan ,&nbsp;Degao Qiao ,&nbsp;Xin Du ,&nbsp;Guotang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhao ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Yuanli Xu ,&nbsp;Peng Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spangle formation of Galvalume steel sheets under different cooling rates (5 °C/s and 15 °C/s) and titanium additions (0.1–0.5 wt%) are investigated. The SEM results show that the increased cooling rate can lead to the increase of the number of surface spangles and decrease of the spangle size. The XRD results show that the TiAl₃ phases are located in the center of the spangle on surface of Galvalume steel sheet, indicating that the TiAl₃ phases can act as a heterogeneous nucleus. The TEM analysis of spangle center is presented with Ti additions, The planar disregistries of TiAl₃ phase and Al-rich phase are calculated. The planar disregistries are considered to be small enough in terms of lattice coherency except (100)TiAl₃//(001)Al. It is possible for Al-rich phase growth from TiAl₃ nuclei. Since the TiAl₃ phase acts as heterogeneous nucleation sites, increasing the density of nucleation sizes, the spangles size decreases. With 0.5 wt% Ti additions under 15 °C/s, the spangles reach their minimum size. Besides, the oxygen and hydrogen content of Galvalume are explored and calculated. The EBSD results show that the Al-rich phase texture changes from &lt;320&gt; without Ti addition to &lt;111&gt; with 0.5 wt% Ti additions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of laser shock peening and age-hardening treatment on hydrogen embrittlement of ultra-strength Cu-Ti-Fe alloy","authors":"Chuanjun Li ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Dengdi Zhang ,&nbsp;Heming Liu ,&nbsp;Jingping Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure, grain structure, and hydrogen embrittlement of age-hardened and laser-shock-peened Cu-Ti-Fe alloys were investigated in this study. The alloys were age-hardened at 650 and 750 °C for 240 and 2400 min. Also, the age-hardened alloys were surface-modified by the laser shock peening (LSP) process with laser densities of 5.5 and 9 GW/cm². The microstructural observation revealed the α-Cu₄Ti and β-Cu₄Ti phases in all alloys. Additionally, higher aging temperatures and times resulted in a higher fraction of precipitates, especially the β-Cu₄Ti at grain boundaries. Furthermore, the hardness of alloys increased at higher aging temperature and longer aging times. Similarly, the higher laser density of LSP process resulted in a larger hardness increment. The peened surfaces showed grain refinement. The smaller grain size was obtained by applying a laser density of 9 GW/cm². Also, peened surfaces reduced the hydrogen embrittlement. The crack propagation and cleavage fracture declined in peened surfaces, especially due to higher laser density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable green synthesis of CoFe2O4/TiO2 magnetic nanocomposites using Parkia speciosa (stinky bean) peel extract as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen production","authors":"Syafhira Putri Aulia ,&nbsp;Aida Nadia ,&nbsp;Dicky Annas ,&nbsp;Lenny Marlinda ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jihad Madiabu ,&nbsp;Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru ,&nbsp;Anita Marlina ,&nbsp;Khoiriah Khoiriah ,&nbsp;Vivi Sisca ,&nbsp;Fildzah ‘Adany ,&nbsp;Amalia Kurnia Amin ,&nbsp;Muhammad Al Muttaqii ,&nbsp;Muhammad Iqbal Syauqi ,&nbsp;Tabah Ditalistya ,&nbsp;Yuichi Tozuka ,&nbsp;Kazunori Kadota ,&nbsp;Tero Kämäräinen ,&nbsp;Robertus Wahyu N. Nugroho","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green synthesis of metallic nanocomposites through the alloying of transition metals offers a promising pathway to address the high costs and scarcity of noble metals in hydrogen production electrocatalysis (HPE). This study introduces a simple, eco-friendly synthesis method for producing CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂ magnetic nanocomposites (CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂ MNCs), using stinky bean peel extract as a natural hydrolyzing and capping agent. The successful synthesis of CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂ MNCs was confirmed through a range of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were also employed, with TEM revealing an average particle size of 17.33 nm. The electrocatalytic performance of the CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂ MNCs was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). Results indicated optimal catalytic properties, marked by the lowest overpotential, highest current density, lowest Tafel slope, and highest double-layer capacitance, underscoring the potential of these nanocomposites as effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen production. In summary, these findings position CoFe₂O₄/TiO₂ MNCs as a promising, cost-effective alternative for fabricating electrocatalysts in hydrogen production applications, leveraging green synthesis methods for a more sustainable approach to energy technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance analysis of the vacuum system for ion beam sputtering coating machine","authors":"Gengbiao Chen ,&nbsp;Can Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A high-performance vacuum system is a critical component of an ion beam sputtering (IBS) coating machine, as a clean, high-vacuum environment is essential for ensuring the quality and uniformity of sputtered coatings. This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a vacuum system tailored for IBS processes. A dual-chamber structure optimized for sputtering operations is proposed, and simulation results confirm stable gas flow and the absence of dead zones during main pump operation. Appropriate pump types are selected, and a vacuum system layout is developed to meet the stringent vacuum requirements of the coating process. To achieve accurate prediction of the system's evacuation time, a segmented pumping speed correction factor is introduced, enabling the construction of a sectional vacuum pumping model. Furthermore, a set of synchronized equipment operation commands is devised to realize efficient and automated vacuum pumping. The experimental results of the automated process closely match the model predictions. Compared to existing machines of the same type, the proposed system achieves ultimate vacuum nearly 2 h faster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Se addition on the glass formation and crystallization of Cu-Zr glassy alloy","authors":"Lin-Zhi Xu ,&nbsp;Hao Dong ,&nbsp;Hao-Ran Jiang ,&nbsp;Yi-Fan Gao ,&nbsp;Jochi Tseng ,&nbsp;Yong-Kun Mu ,&nbsp;Wen-Fei Lu ,&nbsp;Kang Sun ,&nbsp;Nico Neuber ,&nbsp;An-zhou Qi ,&nbsp;Yan-Dong Jia ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Gang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium (Se) is widely known for its applications in glass production, medical treatments, and as a photoconductor. In this study, we found a new potential use of Se, namely, as a microalloying constituent for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). By adding proper amounts of Se, we can enhance the glass-forming ability (GFA) and thermal stability of the Cu₅₀Zr₅₀ alloy, without compromising its excellent mechanical properties. However, once the Se content surpasses a certain threshold, it will lead to the preferential precipitation of a selenide phase, which catalyzes the formation of other intermetallic phases during casting and heating, thereby deteriorating the GFA and thermal stability. The use of Se in microalloying may provide new opportunities for the industrial applications of BMGs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressing SiC crystal edge decomposition through pore-type crucible","authors":"Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiufang Chen ,&nbsp;Zheyang Li ,&nbsp;Xuejian Xie ,&nbsp;Xianglong Yang ,&nbsp;Wancheng Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Hu ,&nbsp;Guanglei Zhong ,&nbsp;Le Yu ,&nbsp;Rui Jin ,&nbsp;Xiangang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a wide bandgap semiconductor material, silicon carbide (SiC) has promising prospects for application. However, the current commercial production size is limited to six inches, and the challenge of producing larger single crystals increases exponentially as the size grows. The growth of large single crystals is significantly hindered by deteriorating radial growth conditions. This paper proposed a modified crucible structure to improve crystal edge degradation, thereby facilitating the expansion of the crystal diameter. By observing the crystal and the crystallization at the crystal edge and crucible cover, classical nucleation theory was applied to calculate the nucleation process at three potential nucleation sites during the early growth stage: the seed crystal edge, the graphite paper, and the diversion ring. The results indicated that a higher supersaturation ratio facilitated nucleation at the graphite paper, thereby suggesting a potential mechanism for the formation of crystal edge decomposition. To reduce the supersaturation ratio during the early growth stage, a method involving making holes in the crucible cover was proposed. Comparative schemes were conducted with three openings and six openings. The results showed that the six openings crucible effectively reduces the supersaturation ratio during the early growth stage, resulting in the crystal without edge decomposition. Raman and HRXRD-RC results indicated that the crystal had better crystal structure uniformity and higher crystallinity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism study of grain evolution during isothermal heating using in-situ electron backscatter diffraction","authors":"Sen Liu,&nbsp;Guanghao Guo,&nbsp;Xianjue Ye,&nbsp;Yuefei Zhang,&nbsp;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the grain growth and mechanisms of polycrystalline materials at high temperatures, this study designed an in-situ heating experiment using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) at 750 °C, successfully characterizing the continuous grain evolution. A substantial amount of ex-situ experimental results indicated that the growth of polycrystalline grains is generally constrained by the topology of grain boundaries. When the number of grain boundaries is less than 6, grains tend to be consumed by surrounding grains; conversely, when the number of grain boundaries is equal to or greater than 6, grains typically continue to grow. However, the present results from the in-situ characterization revealed that grain growth during annealing does not strictly adhere to topological constraints. Furthermore, the movement of boundaries were affected by the anisotropy of grain boundary and the study found that when grain boundaries with a &lt;111&gt; rotation axis, their migration activity is significantly enhanced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}