VacuumPub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114116
Tran Dinh Cuong , Anh D. Phan
{"title":"Modeling the elastic properties of bcc iron in Earth’s core by quantum statistical physics","authors":"Tran Dinh Cuong , Anh D. Phan","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, the emergence of bcc iron has opened a promising direction for exploring Earth’s deepest regions. However, the high mobility of iron atoms in the bcc phase has constituted many impediments to research projects on mechanical behaviors under extreme conditions. This article presents how to improve the predicament via the fundamental tools of quantum mechanics. Specifically, we leverage available first-principle data to construct a new extended Rydberg potential for iron. This potential can accurately describe the equation of state of bcc iron up to at least 450 GPa and 7700 K. Then, we develop the statistical moment method to infer elastic properties from Rydberg parameters. This approach enables us to fully evaluate compressive and vibrational effects on the mechanical deformation of bcc iron without complicated computational procedures. Our calculations show a quantitative agreement with the latest first-principle simulations. Hence, they would be advantageous for explaining seismic observations on Earth-core elasticity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 114116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114203
Alvin Kambondo , Jie Wang , Kaan Yigit , Qingyu Si , Yanyang Qin , Yaqiong Su , Runxia Zhang , Huaying Wu , Chenyu Liang , Sheng Wang
{"title":"Hydrogen adsorption mechanism on non-evaporable getter ternary alloy Ti-V-Nb surface","authors":"Alvin Kambondo , Jie Wang , Kaan Yigit , Qingyu Si , Yanyang Qin , Yaqiong Su , Runxia Zhang , Huaying Wu , Chenyu Liang , Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non evaporable getter coatings are essential for achieving ultra-high vacuum (UHV) and extremely high vacuum (XHV) conditions in high-energy particle accelerators, with hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) being a major residual gas of concern. This research uses Density Functional Theory (DFT) to investigate the adsorption of H<sub>2</sub> molecules on the Ti-V-Nb (110) surface, maintaining a 1:1:1 elemental ratio of Ti-V-Nb. The analysis prioritizes adsorption sites based on factors such as adsorption energy, H-H bond length, and charge redistribution. The results show that hydrogen molecules preferentially adsorb at the Hollow site > Bridge site > Top site, with corresponding variations in adsorption energies and bond lengths. The partial density of states (PDOS) calculations reveals significant hybridization between the H<sub>2</sub> molecule and the Ti-V-Nb (110) surface at each adsorption site, confirming the formation of strong chemical bonds. Mulliken charge population analysis results highlight significant charge redistribution upon adsorption, indicative of chemisorption phenomena. Bond population analysis confirms covalent bonding between H atoms and surface metals. The H-H bond length indicates nondissociation at the V top site (0.97Å) and dissociation at the Ti-V bridge (2.28 Å) and Ti-V-Nb hollow (2.73 Å) sites. Electron density difference calculations further confirm the activation mechanism of H<sub>2</sub> molecules on the Ti-V-Nb (110) surface by showing the accumulation and depletion of charges on H<sub>2</sub> at the selected sites. These insights contribute to understanding the hydrogen adsorption mechanism on Ti-V-Nb surfaces, which can enhance the efficiency of NEG coatings for achieving UHV and XHV conditions in high-energy particle accelerators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114189
Fitri Yuliani , Syiffa Fauzia , Asep Saefumillah , Andreas Andreas , Dewangga Oky Bagus Apriandanu , Aminah Umar
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition of tocotrienols","authors":"Fitri Yuliani , Syiffa Fauzia , Asep Saefumillah , Andreas Andreas , Dewangga Oky Bagus Apriandanu , Aminah Umar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examined the application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for the recognition of tocotrienol. Batch adsorption experiments optimized contact time (2 h) and initial concentration (200 ppm). A magnetic non-imprinted polymer (MNIP) served as a control. The adsorption kinetics conformed to a pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir isotherm characterized the adsorption process. A positive Temkin isotherm constant indicated exothermic adsorption. Selectivity studies revealed a higher imprinting factor for MMIP, demonstrating preferential tocotrienol adsorption over tocopherol. Higher KD values and selectivity coefficients for tocotrienol confirmed this selectivity. The MMIP exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining approximately 94 % desorption efficiency over multiple cycles. Analysis of tocotrienols in crude and packaged palm oil showed significantly higher adsorption capacities for MMIP (0.0638 and 0.0329, respectively) compared to MNIP (0.0006 and 0.0001, respectively). These results highlight the potential of MMIP for selective tocotrienol separation and purification from natural sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114186
Shaojun Shi, Panye Jin, Zhixiong Huang, Jialei Kou, Hongmei Ji, Wenyu Yin, Xiaoyan Tang, Han Mao
{"title":"Sm-doped P2-type layered oxide with spherical secondary hierarchy as cathode material for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Shaojun Shi, Panye Jin, Zhixiong Huang, Jialei Kou, Hongmei Ji, Wenyu Yin, Xiaoyan Tang, Han Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the development of sodium ion battery which is considered as the alternative of lithium ion battery, better performance is required. However, its poor structure stability and rate capability due to the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn<sup>3+</sup> and poor charge transfer between transition metal and oxygen-ion limit its application. Here, Sm-doped P2-type layered oxide Na<sub>0.67</sub>Li<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.62</sub>Fe<sub>0.18</sub>Cu<sub>0.09</sub>Sm<sub>0.01</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with spherical secondary hierarchy was obtained through microwave-assisted method. Pure P2-shaped layered oxide is obtained. And the tiny shift of the diffraction spectrum indicates the effect of doping. The electrochemical performance of the doped oxide improves obviously. Even at a high current density of 1.0A g<sup>−1</sup>, the capacity is still as high as 60.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, much higher than that of undoped one. The cycle stability is also improved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Distribution of relaxation times (DRT) are taken to further study the mechanism. It reveals that the doped samarium not only serves as the pillar to stable the structure of the layered oxide, but also makes faster charge transfer between transition metal ions and oxide ions due to the Multielectron structure of samarium. Thus, such Sm-doping strategy may offer a solution toward the application bottleneck of layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 114186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114163
M. Bergin , C.J. Hatchwell , M.G. Barr, A. Fahy, P.C. Dastoor
{"title":"Spatially resolved lattice characterization using a scanning helium microscope","authors":"M. Bergin , C.J. Hatchwell , M.G. Barr, A. Fahy, P.C. Dastoor","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The scanning helium microscope (SHeM) uses low energy helium atoms (<span><math><mi>E</mi></math></span> <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span>100<!--> <!-->meV, <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span>0.05 nm) to collect surface sensitive images of samples. Recent work has focused on in-situ measurements of the scattering distribution from a spatially resolved region to determine material properties such as local lattice features through atomic diffraction. To date, these measurements have been restricted to in-plane scans. Here we present instrumentation for the in-situ collection of two dimensional helium scattering distributions in a SHeM. The detection stage was manufactured using UHV compatible 3D printing and then manipulated using in-vacuum stages to measure the distributions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument, several diffraction patterns from a LiF crystal were collected. These diffraction patterns have then been used to both determine the thermal attenuation of the specular peak, as well as a benchmark for comparison to current helium-surface interaction potentials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114202
Peng Qi , Deyang Liu , Guanglong Ren , Zihan Zhao , Zhichao Wang , Zhichao Dong , Lijuan Zhang
{"title":"Laser powder bed fusion of nano-titania modified AlSi10Mg alloy: Mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms","authors":"Peng Qi , Deyang Liu , Guanglong Ren , Zihan Zhao , Zhichao Wang , Zhichao Dong , Lijuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) prepared Al matrix alloy is usually hindered by severe coarse column grains and insufficient mechanical properties. This work introduced nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> particles as a novel grain refiner and reinforced phase to control such phenomena in the LPBF-fabricated (LPBF-ed) AlSi10Mg alloy. The addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> was optimized to achieve the reinforcement of AlSi10Mg alloy. Results show that adding nano-TiO<sub>2</sub> particles can decrease the average grain size and consequently eliminate the pores in nano-TiO<sub>2</sub>/AlSi10Mg alloy, and the combination of in-situ formed L1<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>3</sub>Ti, TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and Al matrix is quite tight. The LPBF-ed TiO<sub>2</sub>/AlSi10Mg alloy has demonstrated a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 482 MPa and ductility of 14 %, surpassing most previously reported LPBF-ed AlSi10Mg with the addition of second phases. The cooperative effects of pores elimination, grain refinement, pinning effect, and precipitation strengthening of nanophase are considered to be responsible for their excellent mechanical properties, making the LPBF-ed TiO<sub>2</sub>/AlSi10Mg alloy a potential standout in its application field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114202"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114184
Jiqin Wang , Jiping Ding , Weizong Wang , Peixu Liu , Guangchuan Zhang , Haibin Tang
{"title":"Performance of a low-power ablative Z-pinch pulsed plasma thruster with PTFE-Cu propellant under alternative cathode configurations","authors":"Jiqin Wang , Jiping Ding , Weizong Wang , Peixu Liu , Guangchuan Zhang , Haibin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With a unique front-back coaxial configuration, ablative Z-pinch pulsed plasma thruster (AZPPT) possesses the advantages of a high thrust to power ratio at low power and a simple structure which make itself suitable for small and Nano satellites applications. However, the specific impulse of AZPPT is relatively low, limiting its further application expansion. Therefore, a performance study on a low-power AZPPT adopting a novel alternative propellant of PTFE impregnated with Cu was conducted. The impulse bit, ablation mass, and discharge characteristics of the thruster are obtained and compared under different conditions of Cu fractions in PTFE-Cu propellant, cathode orifice diameters and nozzle configurations. Experiments show that the specific impulse of PTFE-5%Cu is 24 % higher than that of pure PTFE. Triple Langmuir probe indicates that such improvement is caused by the effectively increased ionization rate of ablated propellant and weakened late-time ablation effect. The results also show that the cathode with larger orifice reduces the impulse bit, but increases the specific impulse and effectively reduces the plume divergence angle. Moreover, nozzle configuration hardly affects the ablation characteristics, but shows a significant influence on the impulse bit by converging the plasma plume. The specific impulse with a divergent nozzle can reach 629.5 s at the discharge energy of 5 J, which is 14.89 % higher than that without a nozzle. These detailed insights for the first time clear the influence of impregnated propellant and cathode configuration on the low-power AZPPT, providing new ideas for the performance optimization of AZPPT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"238 ","pages":"Article 114184"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114187
Dehui Liu , Yunze Qi , Junyun Chen , Kejin Li
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and anisotropy of C-plane sapphire: Insights from indentation tests and MD simulations","authors":"Dehui Liu , Yunze Qi , Junyun Chen , Kejin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sapphire, known for its exceptional properties, is widely used in various applications requiring superior surface quality and precise geometry. However, sapphire's inherent hardness, brittleness and anisotropy pose significant challenges during machining. To address these issues, the impact of temperatures on mechanical properties and anisotropy of C-plane sapphire was studied to enhance its processability. MD simulations were employed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of material microstructure changes at various temperatures. Additionally, Berkovich and Vickers indentation tests were performed at 25 °C and elevated temperatures (up to 1000 °C) to evaluate the anisotropy of brittle fracture and hardness. Results revealed increasing temperature led to a significant reduction in sapphire's hardness, brittle fracture and anisotropy. MD simulations showed dislocation proliferation was the primary driver of hardness reduction below 600 °C, while above this temperature, the abundance of amorphous atoms predominated. The formation of amorphous atoms and face-centered cubic structures disrupted the original crystal lattice, contributing to a reduction in anisotropy. Importantly, the hardness difference between different indenter orientations diminished with increasing temperature, stabilizing at minimal levels beyond 600 °C. This study recommends a temperature of 600 °C for laser-assisted processing or surface modification of sapphire to effectively mitigate its hardness, brittleness, and anisotropy, thereby improving its processability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 114187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114130
Xiangyu Han , Fei Yang , Hongbin Chen , Chenle Zhai , Yili Chen , Jinru Sun , Weiping Guan , Mingzhe Rong
{"title":"Dynamic current-sharing of parallel vacuum multi-breakers in large-capacity generator circuit breakers","authors":"Xiangyu Han , Fei Yang , Hongbin Chen , Chenle Zhai , Yili Chen , Jinru Sun , Weiping Guan , Mingzhe Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-capacity generator circuit breaker (GCB) is the key power equipment of the power system, and its short-circuit current is far beyond the breaking capacity of a single vacuum interrupter(VI). Multiple VIs need to be connected in parallel. However, there is a lack of research on the dynamic current-sharing of vacuum multi-breakers in parallel. Firstly, focusing on the volt-ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc, the arcing experiments were carried out based on a detachable vacuum chamber, and the arc morphology was photographed simultaneously by a high-speed camera. The volt-ampere characteristics curve of the vacuum arc shows the shape of the number \"7″, and according to the geometric features, the arcing process was divided into three stages. The impacts of arc morphology and current on the volt-ampere characteristics in different arcing stages were analyzed. In addition, we found that the voltage of the vacuum arc had uncertainty, and the influence mechanisms of the arcing process and current on the arc voltage uncertainty were revealed. Afterward, the dynamic current-sharing was analyzed in detail. According to the arc starting characteristics of each branch, the stages of current-sharing were divided, and the law of current transfer in different stages was revealed. Further, the effects of arc-starting synchronicity and current level on the dynamic current-sharing were investigated, and the optimal arc-starting strategy was proposed. Finally, a prototype of the large-capacity GCB was proposed. The current-sharing experiments were carried out with peak currents of 116 kA and 564 kA, and better current-sharing effects were successfully achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 114130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacuumPub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114182
Hongliang Zu , Minghao Liu , Zhiwei Li , Tiejun Li , Haisheng San
{"title":"Optimal preparation of AlN thin films on sapphire substrate and its effective validation in SAW resonators","authors":"Hongliang Zu , Minghao Liu , Zhiwei Li , Tiejun Li , Haisheng San","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of AlN films on sapphire substrates has been well-investigated, but efforts to achieve high-quality films are still ongoing. This study focuses on the growth of high-quality <em>C</em>-axis oriented AlN films on sapphire substrates using RF reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The influences of the gas ratio, substrate temperature, RF power, annealing atmosphere, and cooling rate on AlN films' surface morphology and crystal quality were investigated, and the optimal preparing parameters were determined. The experimental results indicate that the AlN films grown on the sapphire substrate are highly <em>C</em>-axis oriented single crystal with excellent crystal quality. The full width at half maximum of the XRD rocking curve of AlN (002) and (102) is 0.056° and 0.088°, respectively, and the surface roughness was measured to be 1.89 nm. Furthermore, SAW resonators based on AlN films on sapphire substrate were fabricated for assessing the quality and performance of prepared AlN. The SAW resonator based on AlN/sapphire demonstrated a return loss of −25.3 dB at the resonant frequency of 729 MHz. The SAW velocity was calculated to be 5249 m/s, which was very close to the theoretical value. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the preparation processes for AlN grown on sapphire substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 114182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}