IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114345

Zhengyu Hou , Miaosen Yu , Zhe Zhang , Xuhui Liu , Hao Yan , Xiangyang Liu

{"title":"Investigation on arc rotating characteristics of a micro-cathode arc thruster","authors":"Zhengyu Hou , Miaosen Yu , Zhe Zhang , Xuhui Liu , Hao Yan , Xiangyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-cathode arc thruster (μCAT) has the advantages of super lightweight, high specific impulse and modularity, which has a broad application prospect in micro satellites and nanosats. However, from the engineering aspect, the lifetime is the key issue that determines the space flight applications for μCAT. The arc rotating characteristics of the μCAT play an important role in influencing the lifetime and ablation of the conductive film. In this paper, we propose a magnetic probe array to measure the azimuthal varying magnetic field components from the discharge arc, and thus to evaluate the arc rotating characteristics of the thruster. The design of the magnetic probe is carried out based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction and the exit dimensions of the thruster. A capacitive discharge in the energised straight conductor is used as a standard magnetic field for the magnetic probe calibration. The average calibration coefficient is calculated to be 0.311 T/V, with the maximum repeatability error of 8.9 %. Through multi-points magnetic field measurements, the arc rotation speed, angle, duration, and the change rate of the arc rotation speed can be investigated experimentally. By changing the discharge energy levels, it is measured that the tendency of arc rotation slowing down during the discharge process become smoother from 17.65 % to 13.91 % with the decrease of the μCAT discharge energy. With the increase of the applied magnetic field, it is found that the rotation angle of the μCAT discharge arc is significantly increased around 300°, while the discharge time is reduced to a limited extent by 14.11 μs. Furthermore, the new insights into arc behavior can provide valuable perspectives on issues related to overall performance of the thruster.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study of self-healing performance of convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seal 会聚单片嵌入式铁磁流体密封自愈性能实验研究

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114352

Xiaolong Yang , Wanhua Shi , Wenming Yang , Yang Hu , Chao Sun

{"title":"Experimental study of self-healing performance of convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seal","authors":"Xiaolong Yang , Wanhua Shi , Wenming Yang , Yang Hu , Chao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seal structure is proposed and designed to improve the reliability of the seal under vacuum conditions. The capacity for self-healing and critical pressure were experimentally investigated for different axial sealing clearance, radial sealing clearance, number of radial teeth of the pole shoe, number of axial teeth of the pole shoe, and pole tooth height. The results show that when the axial or radial sealing gap is gradually increased to 0.4 mm, the self-healing performance of the convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seals shows the same pattern of enhancing and then weakening. As the number of radial teeth of the pole shoe increases, the self-healing performance of the convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seal first weakens and then strengthens before weakening. As the number of axial teeth in the pole shoe increases, the convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seal structure's ability to mend itself is initially strengthened and subsequently impaired. The self-healing performance of the convergent monolithic embedded ferromagnetic fluid seal structure increases with the increase in pole tooth height.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of TiO2/ZnO/SnO2 multilayer thin films on Si(100) as triboelectric friction layer Si（100）上TiO2/ZnO/SnO2多层薄膜作为摩擦电摩擦层的评价

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114351

G. Durak Yüzüak , E. Yüzüak

{"title":"Evaluation of TiO2/ZnO/SnO2 multilayer thin films on Si(100) as triboelectric friction layer","authors":"G. Durak Yüzüak , E. Yüzüak","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel multilayer-semiconductor triboelectric nanogenerator (MLSC-TENG) that enhances charge transfer and initial charge density to overcome the limitations of conventional TENGs by multilayer thin films composed of TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZnO, and SnO<sub>2</sub>. The device operates through contact electrification and electrostatic induction, featuring two distinct electrodes. The active negative layer is deposited on Si substrates with an Ag seed layer using magnetron sputtering, employing a PET/ITO counter-electrode. The system attains a maximum power density of 400 mW/m<sup>2</sup> with a 100 MΩ load, a short-circuit current of 20 μA at 10 Hz, and an open-circuit voltage of ±55 V. Additionally, it powers 156 LEDs and exhibits an energy storage capacity of 16.9 μJ at 52 μF, highlighting its applicability for wearable electronics. This scalable and cost-effective approach highlights the significant role of semiconductor (SC) band structures in enhancing TENG performance and presents a viable pathway for sustainable energy harvesting. The demonstrated strategy has the potential to meaningfully influence the application of TENGs in energy harvesting systems, providing a cost-effective solution for powering wearable electronics. The study facilitates progress in sustainable energy solutions for future wearable technologies by tackling critical issues in energy conversion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous connection of N6 nickel and Zr-2Hf annular lap joint by vacuum electron beam welding: Processing, microstructure characterization, and crack formation mechanism 真空电子束焊接N6镍与Zr-2Hf环形搭接接头的非均相连接：工艺、显微组织表征及裂纹形成机理

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114348

Likuo Zhu , Guoqing Chen , Xinyan Teng , Lamei Zhang , Zhanhua Gan , Junhong Zhao , Chen Yang , Xuesong Leng

{"title":"Heterogeneous connection of N6 nickel and Zr-2Hf annular lap joint by vacuum electron beam welding: Processing, microstructure characterization, and crack formation mechanism","authors":"Likuo Zhu , Guoqing Chen , Xinyan Teng , Lamei Zhang , Zhanhua Gan , Junhong Zhao , Chen Yang , Xuesong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crack formation poses a major challenge in the vacuum electron beam welding of N6/Zr-2Hf annular lap joint. To investigate the crack formation mechanism, a comparative study was conducted using both microstructural characterization and finite element simulations on tube/rod joint, with direct welding and offset welding methods. The results demonstrated that the key factors contributing to joint cracking include the presence of large size brittle Ni<sub>5</sub>Zr phases, the unstable phase interface between γ-Ni/Ni<sub>5</sub>Zr, and high residual stresses within the weld. Compared with the direct welding, Ni0.3-offset welding could effectively control the melting proportion of the base metals in the weld. The size of Ni<sub>5</sub>Zr in the weld decreased, while the proportion of γ-Ni + Ni<sub>5</sub>Zr ultra-fine eutectic phase increased, and the microstructure of the weld was optimized. When the beam was offset 0.3 mm to Ni side for welding, the peak stress of the weld decreased from 413 MPa to 320 MPa, which reduced the possibility of cracks in the weld. The tensile strength of the joint was increased from 82 MPa to 138 MPa, and the reliability of the joint was improved. This study provided some guidance for the subsequent welding of Zr/Ni dissimilar materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of carbide precipitation on the twin behavior and work hardening capability of Fe-20Mn-2Al-0.4C-0.7V steel 碳化物析出对Fe-20Mn-2Al-0.4C-0.7V钢孪晶行为和加工硬化性能的影响

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114346

Hongpu Yue, Zhicheng Peng, Hao Wang, Zibo Zhao, Haoran Lu, Yihao Tang, Fengchao An, Junsong Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Riping Liu

引用次数: 0

Identification of asbestos fibres from soil sediments in the Pilsen region of the Czech Republic and the impact of these minerals on the health of the local population 鉴定捷克共和国皮尔森地区土壤沉积物中的石棉纤维以及这些矿物对当地居民健康的影响

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114343

Stepanka Jansova, Zdenek Jansa, Pavel Calta, Veronika Vavrunkova, Lucie Nedvedova, Jan Minar

{"title":"Identification of asbestos fibres from soil sediments in the Pilsen region of the Czech Republic and the impact of these minerals on the health of the local population","authors":"Stepanka Jansova, Zdenek Jansa, Pavel Calta, Veronika Vavrunkova, Lucie Nedvedova, Jan Minar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asbestos is the term for silicate minerals with a typical fibrous structure that crystallises as separable fibres that can be released into the environment due to natural processes and anthropogenic activities. There is a need to intensify geo-environmental monitoring of the occurrence of natural asbestos on a global scale. The study of this material is essential to clarify the impact of asbestos on public health and to have an accurate knowledge of the requirements for asbestos replacement materials. The technical and ecological reasons for switching to these fibres are complex, as asbestos replacement materials are subject to considerable technological and economic demands, as well as demands for their biological safety.</div><div>The main objective of this paper is to establish a suitable methodology for detecting asbestos in soil sediments and accurately identify the different types from a range of samples.</div><div>Samples were analysed by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and compared with standards or available literature. The measurements demonstrated the presence of asbestos in the site sediments and identified specific types of asbestos.</div><div>The conclusion of this work is confirming the presence of asbestos in all samples, including its most dangerous types, which can cause severe diseases. In this context, the mechanism of asbestos-related diseases will be further addressed, which is linked to the size and shape of the individual fibres, the chemical composition of the asbestos types and the links between their basic structural units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ga2Se3-based Ovonic Threshold Switching selector for high-density memory applications 基于ga2se3的Ovonic阈值开关选择器，用于高密度内存应用

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114339

Haotian Wang , Xuli Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Yingtao Yang , Yuan Xue , Zhitang Song , Sannian Song , Lijun Tian , Wei Ren

引用次数: 0

Mechanical properties of Ѱ-graphene heterostructures and various graphyne lattices via molecular dynamics simulations 通过分子动力学模拟Ѱ-graphene异质结构和各种石墨炔晶格的力学性能

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114347

Meiping Tao , Xiaoqing Tong , Bowen Wei

{"title":"Mechanical properties of Ѱ-graphene heterostructures and various graphyne lattices via molecular dynamics simulations","authors":"Meiping Tao , Xiaoqing Tong , Bowen Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the mechanical properties of multi-layered heterostructure comprising Ѱ-graphene and various 2D graphyne layers, including graphyne, graphdiyne, and graphtriyne lattices. Several configurations are considered, where Ѱ-graphene and different graphyne nanolayers are positioned adjacent to one another in combinations ranging from two to five layers. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations are utilized to examine the effects of defect percentage, dimension, and temperature on the Young's modulus and toughness of these innovative nanostructures. Mechanical properties are derived from the stress-strain curves, and the fracture behavior of these novel multi-layered composites is also investigated. Young's modulus increases slightly with length, with zigzag consistently outperforming armchair. Ψ-graphene + graphyne has the highest modulus, 26.56 % higher than Ψ-graphene + graphtriyne in zigzag, stabilizing at 1074 GPa as temperature increases. Adding layers boosts modulus by up to 74.5 %, with Ψ-graphene enhancing stiffness in symmetric configurations. Zigzag orientation improves load transfer, while toughness decreases with more layers due to interlayer slippage, with graphyne outperforming graphdiyne and graphtriyne.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of diffusion characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-La system Mg-La体系扩散特性及力学性能研究

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114336

Fali Liu , Liyang Fang , Hongyu Zhang , Yongkang Tan , Jiang Wang , Guanglong Xu , Yifang Ouyang , Xiaoma Tao

{"title":"Investigation of diffusion characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-La system","authors":"Fali Liu , Liyang Fang , Hongyu Zhang , Yongkang Tan , Jiang Wang , Guanglong Xu , Yifang Ouyang , Xiaoma Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mg-RE alloys have great potential for development due to the excellent strength and creep resistance. Given the importance of diffusion kinetic behavior in studying the effect of alloying elements on microstructure evolution, the diffusion kinetic behavior of Mg-La system and the mechanical properties of related IMCs were systematically studied by diffusion couple method in this work. After vacuum annealing at 738–813 K, the composition of the diffusion region was analyzed by EPMA, and five IMCs were observed: Mg<sub>12</sub>La, Mg<sub>17</sub>La<sub>2</sub>, Mg<sub>41</sub>La<sub>5</sub>, Mg<sub>3</sub>La, and MgLa. The presence of Mg<sub>41</sub>La<sub>5</sub> indicates that its decomposition temperature should be lower than 738 K. Upon kinetic study, it was determined that the growth of all phase layers adhered to the parabolic growth law, allowing for the estimation of interdiffusion coefficients and activation energies for the five IMCs. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the relevant IMCs were evaluated using both first-principles calculations and nanoindentation experiments. The results showed that the hardness and Young's modulus of all IMCs were significantly higher than those of pure Mg. The relevant data obtained in this work will be beneficial to the design and development of high-performance Mg-La-based alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and DFT calculations of high entropy six-component Ti-based MAX of (Ti, M)2AlC (M=Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) (Ti, M)2AlC (M=Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) 的高熵六组分 Ti 基 MAX 的合成与 DFT 计算

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114332

Jun Ji , Xinyu Zhan , Xiaoman Jiang , Yongji Wang , Mingling Li , Huamin Gao , Bensong Chen , Dechun Li

{"title":"Synthesis and DFT calculations of high entropy six-component Ti-based MAX of (Ti, M)2AlC (M=Zr, Nb, Ta, Mo, W)","authors":"Jun Ji , Xinyu Zhan , Xiaoman Jiang , Yongji Wang , Mingling Li , Huamin Gao , Bensong Chen , Dechun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy six-component Ti-based MAX phase (Ti<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.15</sub>Zr<sub>0.1</sub>Mo<sub>0.1</sub>Ta<sub>0.1</sub>W<sub>0.05</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlC was synthesized via molten salt shielding synthesis (MS<sup>3</sup>), demonstrating exceptional chemical stability against corrosive etching. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed homogeneous elemental distribution and expanded (004) interplanar spacing (0.352 nm vs. 0.331 nm in Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC), consistent with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The stability enhancement mechanism was investigated through electronic structure analysis and defect dynamics. DFT calculations revealed that high-entropy doping at M-sites strengthens M − Al bonds via hybridization between transition metal d-orbitals (Nb/Zr/Mo-4d, Ta/W-5d) and C/Al orbitals, increasing Al vacancy formation energy from 2.26 eV (Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC) to 2.83 eV (HE-MAX). Additionally, Al vacancy migration energy surged to 1.07 eV, 39 % higher than Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC (0.77 eV), effectively suppressing defect-mediated degradation. These dual mechanisms underpin the remarkable resistance of HE-MAX to HF/NaF-HCl etching, offering insights for designing stable MAX phases for extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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