IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114394

Xiaolong Xiong , Sagr Alamri , Dilsora Abduvalieva , Azlan Mohd Zain

{"title":"Modification of tribological and mechanical properties by a novel tool during friction stir processing of ZrO2+TiN particle reinforced AZ31 Mg alloy","authors":"Xiaolong Xiong , Sagr Alamri , Dilsora Abduvalieva , Azlan Mohd Zain","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, surface Mg-based composites reinforced by adding ZrO<sub>2</sub> and TiN were developed through Friction Stir Processing (FSP) using both a conventional (CCP) and a newly modified tool (PCP). Microstructural analysis indicated a more effective grain refinement achieved by employing the PCP tool, resulting in a finer and equiaxed grain structure with approximately a 20 % reduction in average grain size compared to the CCP-treated composite. Furthermore, a more uniform distribution of particles with reduced agglomeration was achieved after using the PCP tool. Significant enhancements in mechanical properties, including shear strength and microhardness, were observed in the composite processed by the PCP tool, to the extent that an approximate increase of 15 % in mean microhardness values was recorded compared to the composite processed by the CCP tool. Additionally, the use of the PCP tool resulted in an improvement in the composite's shear strength and formability, with the shear strength of the PCP-treated composite reaching approximately 196 MPa, compared to around 161 MPa for the CCP-treated composite. Additionally, the coefficient of friction decreased from approximately 0.39 in the CCP-treated composite to approximately 0.33 in the PCP-treated composite, which aligns reliably with the wear rate and weight loss results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of brazing and artificial aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a high-strength four-layer laminar aluminum alloy 钎焊和人工时效对高强四层层叠铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114388

Qi Cao , Na Zhao , Chengdong Xia , Zhengjin Zhang , Long Cheng , Dejing Zhou

{"title":"Effect of brazing and artificial aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a high-strength four-layer laminar aluminum alloy","authors":"Qi Cao , Na Zhao , Chengdong Xia , Zhengjin Zhang , Long Cheng , Dejing Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lightweight design of power battery thermal management systems remains a critical challenge for new energy vehicles. Conventional aluminum alloys often fail to achieve satisfactory mechanical properties after high-temperature brazing (600 °C). To address this limitation, we developed modified aluminum alloys (6061MOD and 3003MOD) and engineered a four-layer laminar structure (4045/3003MOD/6061MOD/3003MOD) for water-cooled plate applications. The microstructural changes and mechanical behavior of these materials were systematically investigated after high-temperature brazing and subsequent aging treatments. Brazing induced substantial grain growth in the 6061MOD core layer, increasing average grain size from 42.3 μm to 90.1 μm. Optimal mechanical properties were achieved through post-brazing treatment: air cooling followed by 200 °C aging for 2 h. This treatment resulted in a tensile strength of 287.1 MPa and a yield strength of 230.5 MPa, primarily attributed to the fine precipitation of Al-Cu, AlMgSiCu (Q), and Mg<sub>2</sub>Si reinforcing precipitates. Elemental diffusion analysis revealed Mg penetration depths of 63.7 μm (initial brazing) and 81.9 μm (secondary brazing), with the 3003MOD layer effective blocking of Mg diffusion. This laminated structural design, which integrates components with distinct functional properties, provides an innovative strategy for developing lightweight, high-strength brazed materials while offering critical implications for next-generation vehicle thermal management systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical simulation and design of the gas filter system for the Hefei Light Source mass spectrometry beamline

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114390

Ziyang He , Haitao Fan , Hailin Bi , Minggao Xu , Xudi Wang , Jiuzhong Yang

{"title":"Numerical simulation and design of the gas filter system for the Hefei Light Source mass spectrometry beamline","authors":"Ziyang He , Haitao Fan , Hailin Bi , Minggao Xu , Xudi Wang , Jiuzhong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gas filter system exploits the properties of noble gases, which are characterised by minimal absorption below their ionization thresholds and enhanced absorption above these thresholds. This allows the high harmonics of the incident beam in the synchrotron radiation beamline to be absorbed. The gas filter in the article is a differential pumping system that achieves the pressure difference across several orders of magnitude with the differential tubes and vacuum pumps. Co-existence of multiple flow regimes makes it difficult to calculate the internal pressure distribution through conventional theoretical formulae. The article, designed in accordance with the requirements of a mass spectrometry beamline, introduces a novel gas filter and employs a hybrid NS-DSMC (Navier-Stokes and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo) approach to numerically analyze the gas flow within the filter. The results demonstrate that the pressure distribution obtained through the hybrid NS-DSMC method is in good agreement with the experimental data. Additionally, a phenomenon of weak gas beam effect is observed. The formation of the gas beam effect is associated with a large number of collisionless molecules moving at small angles. Furthermore, the gas beam effect will decrease vacuum pump's pumping efficiency in molecular flow regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new double surface dielectric barrier discharge reactor to improve ozone generation efficiency 一种提高臭氧生成效率的新型双层介质阻挡放电反应器

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114381

Jong Guk Kim, Un Yong Paek, Jong Chol Yun, Kwang Myong Kim, Songchol Hong

引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of high-purity hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles 高纯度六方氮化硼纳米颗粒的绿色合成

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114386

Odiljon Abdurakhmonov , Mastura Aripova , Farrukh Erkinov , Sherzod Abdurakhmonov , Utkirjon Sharopov , Mukhtorjon Karimov , Muzaffar Kurbanov , Dilmurod Saidov , Zbigniew Pędzich , Dawid Kozien , Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan , Ekaterina Bondar

{"title":"Green synthesis of high-purity hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles","authors":"Odiljon Abdurakhmonov , Mastura Aripova , Farrukh Erkinov , Sherzod Abdurakhmonov , Utkirjon Sharopov , Mukhtorjon Karimov , Muzaffar Kurbanov , Dilmurod Saidov , Zbigniew Pędzich , Dawid Kozien , Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan , Ekaterina Bondar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional methods, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), often require toxic and flammable organic reagents or result in a high carbon footprint, raising both health and environmental concerns. In this paper, we present an improved method for synthesizing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoparticles using affordable and widely available precursors, boric acid, and urea. Our approach modifies the conventional techniques by introducing a two-step thermal treatment process, with nitrogen serving as an inert atmosphere and hydrogen as a diffusing agent. The resulting h-BN nanoparticles exhibit remarkable uniformity and high crystallinity. Characterization through scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of amorphous nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm during the initial heat treatment at 600 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. Further heat treatment at 1000 °C in a nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture led to the crystallization of highly uniform h-BN nanoparticles, reducing their size to approximately 6 nm. This method ensures high morphological homogeneity and product purity, making it effective for the large-scale production of h-BN nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tunable failure mode of multi-scale hybrid lattice structures 多尺度杂化晶格结构的可调失效模式

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114387

Andi Lai, Peiqi Liu, Ting Dai, Guo Fu

引用次数: 0

Ni@NiOOH co-catalyst-enhanced preferentially oriented TiO2 nanotubes for highly efficient seawater splitting Ni@NiOOH助催化剂增强的优先取向TiO2纳米管用于高效海水分解

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114382

Biaobiao Hao , Rufeng Tian , Jian Wang , Hongliang Wang , Wanggang Zhang , Yiming Liu

{"title":"Ni@NiOOH co-catalyst-enhanced preferentially oriented TiO2 nanotubes for highly efficient seawater splitting","authors":"Biaobiao Hao , Rufeng Tian , Jian Wang , Hongliang Wang , Wanggang Zhang , Yiming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The corrosive environment of seawater, particularly the presence of chloride ions (Cl<sup>−</sup>), poses significant challenges to achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) seawater splitting. This study addresses these challenges by developing a photoanode featuring Ni@NiOOH co-catalyst-enhanced preferentially oriented TiO<sub>2</sub> nanotubes (TNTs). The in-situ formation of NiOOH on Ni nanocrystals addresses the poor conductivity of NiOOH through the metallic nature of Ni, while NiOOH compensates for the weak OER activity of Ni nanocrystals. Moreover, the Ni@NiOOH core-shell structure exhibits excellent stability. By depositing Ni nanocrystals on nanotube arrays with varying [001] orientation strengths, the interaction between Ni and the nanotubes was systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that Ni nanocrystals exhibit the strongest interaction with highly [001]-oriented TNTs, which consequently delivers the most enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC). The core-shell-structured Ni@NiOOH co-catalyst, formed through the pulsed galvanostatic deposition of Ni nanocrystals on TNTs with a strong [001] orientation, significantly enhanced the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and charge carrier separation efficiency. This synergistic effect resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in the photocurrent density and exceptional PEC durability, with only 16 % degradation over 9 h. The unique structure of Ni@NiOOH combines high conductivity with superior catalytic activity, providing an advanced approach for efficient and stable seawater splitting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma parameters evolution as a function of magnetic field strength 射频电容耦合等离子体参数随磁场强度的变化

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114349

Paul Hiret , Artem Dmitriev , Éric Faudot , Jérôme Moritz , Stéphane Heuraux , Frédéric Brochard , Roland Steiner , Laurent Marot , Alessandro Geraldini , Ivo Furno , Ernst Meyer

{"title":"Radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma parameters evolution as a function of magnetic field strength","authors":"Paul Hiret , Artem Dmitriev , Éric Faudot , Jérôme Moritz , Stéphane Heuraux , Frédéric Brochard , Roland Steiner , Laurent Marot , Alessandro Geraldini , Ivo Furno , Ernst Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of magnetic fields in low-temperature plasma physics is promising in numerous applications. The magnetic field acts on the kinetic of the plasma charged particles, drastically modifying the ion and electron trajectories in the plasma. The influence of the magnetic field strength on plasma parameters, like the plasma and the electrode potentials, was measured for different gases and pressures, evidencing a strong variation before saturating for high magnetic fields. The saturation is connected to the variation of the ions and electrons collection area. It occurred when the magnetic field influence overcame the collisional effect, <em>i.e.</em> when the Larmor radius of ions became smaller than the ion mean free path. The electrostatic probe’s floating potential saturation was a marker of ion magnetisation. Varying the pressure enabled collision cross-section calculation for magnetised discharges. The estimated values in this contribution were consistent with the literature. Finally, the probe developed in this contribution allows for the quasi-independent measurement of perpendicular and parallel flux.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA/RNA nucleobases sensing by silicon nanowires: A DFT study 硅纳米线检测DNA/RNA核碱基的DFT研究

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114383

Kevin J. García , José E. Santana , Álvaro Miranda , Alejandro Trejo , Fernando Salazar , Ivonne J. Hernández-Hernández , Luis A. Pérez , Miguel Cruz-Irisson

{"title":"DNA/RNA nucleobases sensing by silicon nanowires: A DFT study","authors":"Kevin J. García , José E. Santana , Álvaro Miranda , Alejandro Trejo , Fernando Salazar , Ivonne J. Hernández-Hernández , Luis A. Pérez , Miguel Cruz-Irisson","doi":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employs density functional theory (DFT) to explore the interaction between hydrogenated silicon nanowires (SiNW) and DNA/RNA nucleobases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil). We investigate various adsorption configurations (both perpendicular and parallel to the nanowire surface) to elucidate the adsorption energies, recovery times, charge transfers, and the consequent modifications in the electronic properties of the SiNW. Our findings reveal that, in most cases, the nucleobases chemisorb onto the SiNW surface with adsorption energies exceeding 0.5 eV, except for specific thymine configurations exhibiting lower binding. Notably, cytosine displays the highest adsorption energy, resulting in exceptionally long recovery times and significant charge redistribution indicative of strong covalent-like interactions. In contrast, adenine, guanine, and uracil exhibit lower adsorption energies and rapid desorption dynamics, suggesting their suitability for reusable sensor applications. Furthermore, the adsorption process induces considerable changes in the SiNW band structure, such as the formation of mid-gap states and shifts in the work function, thereby modulating the nanowire's electrical conductivity and optical properties. These results underscore the potential of SiNW as highly selective, label-free platforms for nucleobase detection and advanced DNA/RNA sequencing devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23559,"journal":{"name":"Vacuum","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 114383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In situ femtosecond laser processing system for high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy under ultrahigh vacuum 超高真空下高温分子束外延的原位飞秒激光加工系统

IF 3.8 2区材料科学

Vacuum Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114384

Shunyong Jiang , Yigang Zhou , Dongyang Hou , Yueyun Weng , Yuhang Ouyang , Zhaodong Li , Fang Dong , Sheng Liu

引用次数: 0

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