Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique最新文献

{"title":"Pneumoperitoneum after butane ingestion without perforation: Case report and literature review","authors":"Hibat-errahmane Redouane ,&nbsp;Khaoula Kouloughli ,&nbsp;Assia Yamoun ,&nbsp;Khaled Sahli ,&nbsp;Khadidja Taibi ,&nbsp;Kamel Bouchenak ,&nbsp;Sara Abdennour","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The case report describes a rare case of pneumoperitoneum occurred in a 23-year-old man following intentional ingestion of liquid butane. No gastrointestinal perforation was identified during surgery, and the clinical course was favorable with complete recovery after conservative surgical management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 435-437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico and molecular dynamic simulation predictions of toxicity effects of the novel psychoactive synthetic drugs, cathinones α-PVP and 3-MMC","authors":"Hasnae Hoummani ,&nbsp;Soukayna Baammi ,&nbsp;Mohamed Chebaibi ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Mssillou ,&nbsp;Aimad Allali ,&nbsp;Youness El Abdali ,&nbsp;Abdelkrim Agour ,&nbsp;John P. Giesy ,&nbsp;Mourad A.M. Aboul-Soud ,&nbsp;Sanae Achour","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>New psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of traditional illicit drugs<span> and are often implicated in intoxications and drug-related incidents. Among these, synthetic cathinones<span>, such as α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP, Flakka) and 3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), pose significant health risks due to their severe neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular effects. In this study, we used in silico methods to characterize α-PVP and 3-MMC and assess their pharmacological profiles and toxic potencies. The </span></span></span><em>in silico</em><span><span> study of interactions of α-PVP and 3-Methylmethcathinone 3-MMC with dopamine and serotonin transporters revealed significant </span>binding affinities and interaction profiles. Glide scores of −7.218 and −6.698</span> <!-->kcal/mol for α-PVP and −6.912 and −6.332<!--> <span>kcal/mol for 3-MMC confirm their potent inhibitory activities on these transporters. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of α-PVP and 3-MMC within dopamine and serotonin transporter binding sites<span>. The ADME properties indicate their psychoactive potential and pharmacokinetic behaviors, with 3-MMC exhibiting higher toxicity risks than α-PVP, highlighting essential implications for public health and drug safety.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 471-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enquête médico-légale d’une intoxication mortelle à l’acébutolol : analyse du sang et des urines par CL-SM/SM","authors":"Bilel Moslah ,&nbsp;Nadia Chaouali ,&nbsp;Omar Smaoui ,&nbsp;Dorra Amira ,&nbsp;Abderrazek Hedhili","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;L’acébutolol, chimiquement, le N-[3-Acetyl-4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(1-méthyléthyl) amino]propoxy]-butanamide est un bêta-bloquant utilisé pour traiter l’hypertension artérielle et les arythmies ventriculaires. Malgré son efficacité thérapeutique, l’acébutolol comporte un risque de toxicité cardiaque, notamment en cas d’auto-ingestion intentionnelle. Nous rapportons un cas d’une patiente de 35 ans qui a été hospitalisée en urgence pour une intoxication médicamenteuse volontaire avec un tableau de choc cardiogénique réfractaire aux traitements. L’examen clinique a révélé une détresse respiratoire, une bradycardie et une hypotension. Les bilans biologiques ont objectivé une insuffisance rénale aiguë, une hypokaliémie, une hypoglycémie, une acidose métabolique et une rhabdomyolyse. Malgré une prise en charge intensive, l’évolution a été fatale. L’analyse des urines par chromatographie gazeuse couplée la spectrométrie de masse a révélé la présence d’acébutolol. Une méthode de dosage de l’acébutolol par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CL-SM/SM) dans le sang et les urines a été optimisée, elle montrait des limites de détection de 0,06 à 1,01&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μg/L et de quantification de 0,18 à 3,03&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μg/L, un taux de recouvrement supérieur à 70 % et une linéarité avec des coefficients de corrélation satisfaisants (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ≥&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0,99, elle est donc suffisamment précise pour quantifier l’acébutolol dans les matrices biologiques étudiées. Cette méthode a objectivé des concentrations toxiques d’acébutolol dans le sang et les urines de la patiente (90,85&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mg/L et 63,3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mg/L respectivement).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acebutolol, chemically known as N-[3-Acetyl-4-[2-hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl) amino]propoxy]-butanamide, is a β-blocker used to treat hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias. Despite its therapeutic efficacy, acebutolol poses a risk of toxicity, particularly in cases of intentional self-ingestion. A 35-year-old female patient was urgently hospitalized for intentional drug poisoning with a refractory cardiogenic shock. Clinical examination revealed respiratory distress, bradycardia, and hypotension. Biological tests showed acute kidney injury, hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, and rhabdomyolysis. Despite intensive care, the outcome was fatal. Urine analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed the presence of acebutolol. A method for quantification of acebutolol by LC-MS/MS in blood and urine was optimized, it showed detection limits of 0.06 to 1.01&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μg/L and quantification limits of 0.18 to 3.03&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;μg/L, a recovery rate greater than 70% and linearity with satisfactory correlation coefficients (R&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) ≥&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;0.99, it is therefore sufficiently precise to quantify acebutolol in the biological matrices studied. This method showed toxic concentrations of acebutolol in the patient's blood and urine (90.85&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;mg/L and 63.3&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;m","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 438-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and quantification of fluoxetine and its metabolite norfluoxetine in human hair and urine by GC-MS/MS","authors":"Jiajun Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengchao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jinlei liu ,&nbsp;Yinyin Dai ,&nbsp;Kundi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaqin Sun ,&nbsp;Jie Gu ,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Amin Wurita ,&nbsp;Koutaro Hasegawa","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div><span>Fluoxetine is a clinically used antidepressant, due to its slimming effect, unscrupulous elements will add it to slimming products. The aim of this study was to establish an optimized derivatization method for fluoxetine and </span>norfluoxetine to be analized by a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and apply it to real case.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Hair samples were washed and cut into approximately 2<!--> <!-->mm, and 50<!--> <span>mg was added to the internal standard and hydrolyzed with 1% sodium hydroxide solution. Add 3</span> <span>mL ethyl acetate, vortex and centrifuge; urine samples were taken as 1</span> <!-->mL and then added to the internal standard and 3<!--> <!-->mL ethyl acetate, then submitted to vortex and centrifugation. The supernatant was evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen gas stream and then derivatized by adding 25<!--> <!-->μL ethyl acetate and 25<!--> <span>μL HFBA at 70</span> <!-->°C for 45<!--> <span>minutes and later analyzed by GC-MS/MS. The derivatisation procedure for the remaining derivatisation reagents TFAA, FPPA, MSTFA and 99% BSTFA</span> <!-->+<!--> <!-->1% TMCS was the same as above.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were analyzed by GC-MS/MS and the validation data were satisfactory. The derivatization reagent HFBA was the most effective for the modification of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine. The concentrations of fluoxetine in hair and urine extracts were 40.9<!--> <!-->ng/mg and 10.8<!--> <!-->ng/mL, respectively; the concentrations of norfluoxetine were 4.94<!--> <!-->ng/mg and 7.57<!--> <!-->ng/mL, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A method for the determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human hair and urine by GC-MS/MS was developed and applied to real cases. Furthermore, the chemical modification effects of five derivatization reagents on fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were compared, and the best effect was obtained by HFBA at 70<!--> <!-->°C for 45<!--> <!-->min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 493-503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between biomarker interleukin-6 and particulate matter of dust storms (cohort study in 2024 – Zahedan city)","authors":"Hossein Abdipour ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Assadian Narenji ,&nbsp;Seyed Ebrahim Seyed Mousavi ,&nbsp;Abdolali Khammari ,&nbsp;Mohsen Dahghani Ghnataghestani ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Alijani ,&nbsp;Hossein Kamani ,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Hosseinzehi","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><span>Air pollution has a significant adverse effect<span><span> on the life expectancy of people worldwide. Exposure to dust storms can adversely affect health, the environment, and economic stability. Research suggests a connection between air quality and increased </span>death rates<span> related to heart issues. Interleukins are important in causing inflammation. This research investigates the link between the amount of PM</span></span></span>₁₀ and interleukin-6 levels among healthy individuals in Zahedan.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and method</h3><div>In this study, sampling was performed using a PQ200/BGI sampler six days a week, including days with dust storms. The study assessed biomarker interleukin-6 levels in blood samples collected from 40 volunteers aged 20 to 35 years using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.</div></div><div><h3>Results and discussion</h3><div>The mean concentration of PM₁₀ in the air of Zahedan during the study period was 210.4<!--> <!-->μg/m³, indicating elevated levels of PM₁₀<span>, a major air pollutant, surpassing standard levels. Furthermore, the study found that interleukin-6 levels in blood samples collected during air pollution conditions were significantly higher than those in the control group (</span><em>P</em>-value<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>When PM₁₀<span> concentrations exceed the standard limit, these findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing health programs, especially considering the increase in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as elevated interleukin-6 levels during dust storms.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 504-512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insuline et dopage : usage détourné et enjeux pour la santé","authors":"Laurie Gheddar,&nbsp;Nadia Arbouche,&nbsp;Jean-Sébastien Raul,&nbsp;Pascal Kintz","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L’insuline, bien que fondamentale en thérapeutique, peut être détournée à des fins dopantes par des sportifs non diabétiques, notamment dans le bodybuilding et les sports d’endurance. Elle est utilisée pour ses effets anabolisants et son action sur le métabolisme énergétique, améliorant ainsi la récupération et la performance. Depuis 1999, l’insuline et ses analogues thérapeutiques sont interdites en permanence par l’Agence mondiale antidopage et classées S4. Modulateurs hormonaux et métaboliques, sauf en cas d’usage médical approuvé dans le cadre d’une autorisation d’usage à des fins thérapeutiques. La détection de l’insuline est complexe en raison de la demi-vie courte des insulines à action rapide, les plus utilisées dans ce contexte, et des difficultés analytiques, ce qui limite la fréquence des contrôles positifs malgré une prévalence estimée importante (10–25 %) dans certaines populations spécifiques. Le mésusage par une population non-diabétique présente des risques graves pour la santé, comme l’hypoglycémie sévère pouvant entraîner un coma voire le décès. Plusieurs cas documentés chez des culturistes illustrent ces dangers. La problématique du dopage à l’insuline révèle un équilibre délicat entre la lutte contre les abus pour améliorer la performance et la nécessité de garantir un traitement équitable aux athlètes ayant un réel besoin médical.</div></div><div><div>Insulin, while fundamental in therapeutic use, can be misused for doping purposes by non-diabetic athletes, particularly in bodybuilding and endurance sports. It is employed for its anabolic effects and its impact on energy metabolism, enhancing recovery and performance. Since 1999, insulin and its therapeutic analogues have been prohibited in- and out-of-competition by the World Anti-Doping Agency and classified as S4. Hormone and metabolic modulators, except for medical purpose authorized through a Therapeutic Use Exemption procedure. The detection of insulin is complex due to the short half-life of rapid-acting insulins, which are the most commonly used in this context, and analytical challenges, which limit the number of positive tests despite an estimated high prevalence (10–25%) in certain specific athlete populations. Misuse by a non-diabetic population carries serious health risks, such as severe hypoglycemia that can lead to coma or death. Several documented cases among bodybuilders illustrate these dangers. The issue of insulin doping reveals a complex trade-off between fighting performance-enhancing abuse and ensuring fair treatment for athletes with legitimate medical needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 540-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Kidney Injury following a use of a keratin-based hair-straightening product containing glyoxylic acid: A case report","authors":"A. Zergui ,&nbsp;M.A. Kerdoun ,&nbsp;B. Chefirat","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Keratin-based hair straightening product are widely used worldwide to straighten hair. Historically, many keratin-based hair-straightening products contained formaldehyde. However, several studies have shown its genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. As a result, it was replaced with glyoxyloyl carbocystein, and later with glyoxylic acid, under the assumption that these alternatives were less harmful.</div></div><div><h3>Observation</h3><div><span>We reported a case of 25-year old female who developed an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) after the application of a formaldehyde-free keratin-based hair-straightening product which contained glyoxylic acid. The patient exhibited classic biochemical features of AKI, including elevated serum creatinine (3.2</span> <span>mg/dL), Blood Urea Nitrogen (45</span> <span>mg/dL), and hyperkalemia (6.2</span> <span><span>mmol/L). There were also signs of metabolic acidosis, including low pH (7.25), and low </span>bicarbonates (18</span> <span><span>mmol/L). Liver enzymes are within normal limits, indicating no significant </span>hepatic dysfunction<span>. Her kidney function improved after appropriate management. Four similar cases have been reported in the literature, emphasizing the nephrotoxicity linked to the use of glyoxylic acid in hair-straightening formulations.</span></span></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Clinicians should be aware of the potential renal risks associated with keratin-based hair-straightening product, especially in patients presenting with unexplained renal dysfunction following recent hair treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 412-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosage de l’acétamipride dans le sang post-mortem d’un enfant : à propos d’un pesticide interdit en France","authors":"Marie Carles ,&nbsp;Laurie Gheddar ,&nbsp;Nadia Arbouche ,&nbsp;Elisa Macoin ,&nbsp;Jean-Sébastien Raul ,&nbsp;Pascal Kintz","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;L’objectif de ce cas est de documenter la présence d’acétamipride dans le sang post-mortem d’un enfant et d’illustrer l’importance des analyses toxicologiques dans la recherche des causes de décès. Un criblage initial par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution a mis en évidence de l’acétamipride dans le sang post-mortem. Le dosage de l’acétamipride, après extraction par précipitation des protéines avec de l’acétonitrile, a été développé par chromatographie liquide couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem (CL-SM/SM). Une courbe d’étalonnage à six points a été obtenue en surchargeant une matrice biologique vierge avec un blanc (LOQ à 1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL) et six solutions étalons de concentrations croissantes. La LOQ a été définie comme le premier point d’étalonnage. La LOD a été déterminé à 0,5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL. Les résultats analytiques confirment la présence d’acétamipride aux concentrations de 2,4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL dans le sang fémoral et de 2,8&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL dans le sang cardiaque. Ce cas permet de discuter de l’imputabilité de l’acétamipride, néonicotinoïde, dans le décès de cette victime. Les néonicotinoïdes sont définitivement interdits en France depuis 2023. Malgré une exposition chronique faible des populations, les néonicotinoïdes peuvent avoir un impact sur la santé humaine. Les concentrations sanguines disponibles dans la littérature pour des personnes exposées chroniquement sont de l’ordre de 0,01 à 2,02&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL. L’expert a conclu à l’absence d’imputabilité de l’acétamipride dans la survenue du décès. Ce cas souligne l’importance du criblage toxicologique large et la nécessité de développer des méthodes de dosage dans la recherche des causes de décès.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aim of this case is to document the presence of acetamiprid in the post-mortem blood of a child and to illustrate the importance of toxicological analysis in the search for causes of death. An initial screening using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed the presence of acetamiprid in the post-mortem blood. The acetamipride assay, extracted by precipitating proteins with acetonitrile, was developed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A six-point calibration curve was obtained by loading a blank biological matrix with a blank sample (with a limit of quantification [LOQ] of 1&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL) and six standard solutions of increasing concentrations. The LOQ was defined as the first calibration point. The LOD was determined to be 0.5&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL. The analytical results confirmed the presence of acetamiprid at concentrations of 2.4&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL in femoral blood and 2.8&lt;!--&gt; &lt;!--&gt;ng/mL in cardiac blood. This case raises the question of whether acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid, was responsible for the death of this victim. Neonicotinoids have been definitively banned in France since 2023, and despite low chronic exposure, neonicot","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 427-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of counterfeit oxycodone tablets containing Nitazenes in France: First national alert and analytical characterization","authors":"Paméla Dugues ,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Rabai ,&nbsp;Sevag Chenorhokian ,&nbsp;Gregory Pfau ,&nbsp;Sabrina Cherki ,&nbsp;Marie Bellouard ,&nbsp;Jean Claude Alvarez ,&nbsp;Islam Amine Larabi","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nitazenes, a class of synthetic opioids more potent than fentanyl, have been increasingly detected in the global illicit drug market, particularly within counterfeit medicines, causing intoxication and death. They represent a significant public health concern due to their high toxicity and their invisibility to conventional toxicological screening methods.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five counterfeit oxycodone tablets were collected in Paris by a drug-checking service between February and May 2025. Visual inspection indicated the tablets mimicked authentic oxycodone “M30” formulations. Two tablets were received intact and three in powder form (ground beforehand). Analytical testing was conducted using LC-DAD, GC-MS, LC-MS/MS, and LC-HRMS. Quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS for 340 substances, including 163 new psychoactive substances (NPS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No oxycodone was detected in any of the samples; instead, all contained the synthetic opioids metonitazene and protonitazene. Quantification showed that tablets contained between 3.2% and 6.0% metonitazene, with protonitazene present in smaller amounts (less than 0.2%). The estimated metonitazene content in intact tablets (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2) ranged from 3.7 to 4.0<!--> <!-->mg, approximately equivalent to 23<!--> <!-->mg of fentanyl, far exceeding lethal thresholds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings confirm the circulation of synthetic opioids in counterfeit tablets sold as oxycodone in Paris and its suburbs. The presence of multiple nitazenes underscores the complexity and risk of the current illicit market. Drug-checking services and toxicological analyses are essential for early detection and public health response. Enhanced surveillance, harm reduction, and regulatory coordination are urgently required to mitigate the growing threat of nitazene-related poisonings worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 529-539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of fluorosis in the Algerian sub-Saharan region","authors":"Mohamed Habib Belmahi ,&nbsp;Imane Mecheri ,&nbsp;Khaoula Aouissi ,&nbsp;Aissa Dehane ,&nbsp;Slimane Merouani","doi":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.toxac.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span><span>Fluoride has been widely used since the 1950s, especially in dental medicine to prevent cavities. However, excessive levels can lead to fluorosis, affecting teeth and bones, with prevalence varying by region and socio-economic status. This study assessed fluoride exposure and the risk of dental and skeletal fluorosis in Biskra, El Oued, and Constantine by analyzing intake sources such as </span>drinking water, dates, tea infusions, and fluoride levels in teeth. A retrospective study was conducted in Constantine, where water, tea, dates, and teeth samples were collected and analyzed using a </span>colorimetric method<span>. Results showed that tap water in Biskra exceeded WHO-recommended fluoride levels, with significantly higher concentrations than in Constantine and El Oued. Spring water in Biskra also showed elevated levels, confirming high regional exposure. Dates, especially the Deglet Noor variety, contained 35.7</span></span> <!-->mg/kg of fluoride, representing a major intake source for Biskra residents. Tea infusions had fluoride concentrations between 1.62 and 2.04<!--> <!-->ppm, further contributing to exposure. Dental analysis revealed high fluoride levels in children's teeth in Biskra, averaging 41.06<!--> <span>ppm, markedly higher than in El Oued and Constantine. Women's teeth showed higher fluoride levels than men's, and children under 16 were the most affected, indicating a high risk of dental fluorosis. These findings highlight substantial fluoride exposure in Biskra, mainly from water, dates, and tea, increasing the risk of fluorosis, especially among children. The study underscores the need for targeted monitoring and preventive strategies in affected areas.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23170,"journal":{"name":"Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique","volume":"37 4","pages":"Pages 520-528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145546911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}