Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401701
Hao Lin, Tian Yan, Qi Yang, Lin Lin, Le Liu, Jingyu Xi
{"title":"Electrochemical In Situ Characterization Techniques in the Field of Energy Conversion.","authors":"Hao Lin, Tian Yan, Qi Yang, Lin Lin, Le Liu, Jingyu Xi","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the proposal of the \"carbon peak and carbon neutrality\" goals, the utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy has garnered increasing attention. Consequently, the development of corresponding energy conversion technologies has become a focal point. In this context, the demand for electrochemical in situ characterization techniques in the field of energy conversion is gradually increasing. Understanding the microscopic electrochemical reactions and their mechanisms in depth is a common concern shared by both academia and industry. Therefore, the development of electrochemical in situ characterization techniques holds critical significance. This paper comprehensively reviews electrochemical in situ characterization techniques in the field of energy conversion from three aspects: spectral characterization techniques of electrochemical reactions, characterization techniques for the spatial distribution of electrochemical reactions, and optical characterization techniques for the surface refractive index associated with the spatial distribution of electrochemical reactions. These characteristics are described in detail, and the future development direction of in situ characterization technology is prospected, with the aim of promoting the advancement of electrochemical in situ characterization technology in the field of energy conversion, facilitating energy transformation, and thus advancing the goals of \"carbon peak and carbon neutrality.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401701"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402110
Shuhui Li, Weihuang Wang, Yixin Jia, Huidong Xu, Rui Liu, Zheng Wang, Zicheng Xie, Lantian Zhang, Rong He, Liangbing Wang
{"title":"Colloidal Synthesis of Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals as the Cathode Toward High-Rate Capability and High-Energy Density Sodium-ion Batteries.","authors":"Shuhui Li, Weihuang Wang, Yixin Jia, Huidong Xu, Rui Liu, Zheng Wang, Zicheng Xie, Lantian Zhang, Rong He, Liangbing Wang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alluaudite-type Na<sub>2+2x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NFS) with high theoretical energy density is regarded as the promising cathode of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), while practical rate and cyclic performances are still hindered by intrinsic poor conductivity. Here, a facile method is developed, collaborating high-boiling organic solvents assisted colloidal synthesis (HOS-CS) with sintering for tailoring Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals decorated by conductive carbon network toward high-rate-capability cathode of SIBs. Impressively, the as-prepared Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>@MC provides 60.6 and 46.9 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> of reversible capacities even at ultrahigh rates of 20 and 30 C, respectively, ranking the superior state among the current NFS-based cathode. More importantly, Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>@MC achieves 73% of capacity retention at 20 C after 500 cycles, highlighting its potential for application as a fast chargeable cathode. As a bonus, the full-cell configuration constructed with Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>@MC cathode and commercial hard carbon (HC) anode delivers 45.6 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> at 10 C and 68.3 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> of initial capacity with ≈79.4% of retention after 100 cycles at 2 C. Also, Na<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>@MC||HC full cell supplies as high as 140 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> of practical energy density. This work offers a novel approach to prepare NFS cathode for SIBs with both high energy density and fast-charging ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402110"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile Design of Highly Stretchable and Conductive Crumpled Graphene/NiS<sub>2</sub> Films for Multifunctional Applications.","authors":"Kangwei Weng, Qiji Jing, Jindong Gao, Weiguo Wang, Chen Zhang, Jun Wang, Huanyu Cheng, Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cost-effective and scalable synthesis and patterning of soft nanomaterial composites with improved electrical conductivity and mechanical stretchability remains challenging in wearable devices. This work reports a scalable, low-cost fabrication approach to directly create and pattern crumpled porous graphene/NiS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites with high mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity through laser irradiation combined with electrodeposition and a pre-strain strategy. With modulated mechanical stretchability and electrical conductivity, the crumpled graphene/NiS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite can be readily patterned into target geometries for application in a standalone stretchable sensing platform. By leveraging the electrical energy harvested from the kinetic motion from wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and stored in micro-supercapacitor arrays (MSCAs) to drive biophysical sensors, the system is demonstrated to monitor human motions, body temperature, and toxic gas in the exposed environment. The material selections, design strategies, and fabrication approaches from this study provide functional nanomaterial composites with tunable properties for future high-performance bio-integrated electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401965"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401976
Ruilian Yin, Zhiwei Wang, Jin Zhang, Wenxian Liu, Jia He, Guangzhi Hu, Xijun Liu
{"title":"Tunable NiSe-Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction for Energy-Efficient Hydrogen Production by Coupling Urea Degradation.","authors":"Ruilian Yin, Zhiwei Wang, Jin Zhang, Wenxian Liu, Jia He, Guangzhi Hu, Xijun Liu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urea-assisted water splitting is a promising energy-saving hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production technology. However, its practical application is hindered by the lack of high-performance bifunctional catalysts for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a heterostructured catalyst comprising highly active NiSe and Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>, along with a conductive graphene-coated nickel foam skeleton (NiSe-Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>/GNF) is reported. The heterostructured NiSe-Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> originates from the in situ selenization of graphene-coated nickel foam, allowing for careful regulation of the NiSe to Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> ratio by simply adjusting the calcination temperature. Theoretical calculations of the charge transfer between NiSe and Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> components can optimize the reaction pathways and reduce the corresponding energy barriers. Accordingly, the designed catalyst exhibits excellent UOR and HER activity and stability. Furthermore, the NiSe-Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>/GNF-based UOR-HER electrolyzer requires only 1.54 V to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, which is lower than many recent reports and much lower than 1.83 V of NiSe-Ni<sub>3</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>/GNF-based OER-HER electrolyzers. Moreover, the UOR-HER electrolyzer exhibited negligible cell voltage variation during a 28-h stability test, indicating satisfactory stability, which provides a new viable paradigm for energy-saving H<sub>2</sub> production.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401976"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401455
Baoshuo Cai, Xiao Rong, Yifan Sun, Longfei Liu, Zhe Li
{"title":"Engineered 3D DNA Crystals: A Molecular Design Perspective.","authors":"Baoshuo Cai, Xiao Rong, Yifan Sun, Longfei Liu, Zhe Li","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in biomolecular self-assembly have transformed material science, enabling the creation of novel materials with unparalleled precision and functionality. Among these innovations, 3D DNA crystals have emerged as a distinctive class of macroscopic materials, engineered through the bottom-up approach by DNA self-assembly. These structures uniquely combine precise molecular ordering with high programmability, establishing their importance in advanced material design. This review delves into the molecular design of engineered 3D DNA crystals, classifying current crystal structures based on \"crystal bond orientations\" and examining key aspects of in-silico molecular design, self-assembly, and crystal modifications. The functionalization of 3D DNA crystals for applications in crystallization scaffolding, biocatalysis, biosensing, electrical and optical devices, as well as in the emerging fields of DNA computing and data storage are explored. Finally, the ongoing challenges are addressed and future directions to advance the field of engineered 3D DNA crystals are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401455"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401796
Jaehyon Kim, Yewon Kim, Kyoungryong Kim, Hyunjin Jung, Duhwan Seong, Mikyung Shin, Donghee Son
{"title":"Tissue-Adhesive and Stiffness-Adaptive Neural Electrodes Fabricated Through Laser-Based Direct Patterning.","authors":"Jaehyon Kim, Yewon Kim, Kyoungryong Kim, Hyunjin Jung, Duhwan Seong, Mikyung Shin, Donghee Son","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, implantable devices for treating peripheral nerve disorders have demonstrated significant potential as neuroprosthetics for diagnostics and electrical stimulation. However, the mechanical mismatch between these devices and nerves frequently results in tissue damage and performance degradation. Although advances are made in stretchable electrodes, challenges, including complex patterning techniques and unstable performance, persist. Herein, an efficient method for developing a tissue-adhesive, stiffness-adaptive peripheral neural interface (TA-SA-PNI) is presented employing mechanically and electrically stable ultrathin conductive micro/nanomembrane bilayer (UC-MNB) electrodes. A direct laser-patterning technique is utilized to anchor the UC-MNB, comprising a conductive Cu micromembrane encapsulated by a biocompatible Au nanomembrane, onto a tough self-healing polymer (T-SHP) substrate using the thermoplastic properties of T-SHP. The UC-MNB with a wavy structure exhibited strain-insensitive performance under strains of up to 60%. Furthermore, its dynamic stress-relaxation properties enable stiffness adaptation, potentially minimizing chronic nerve compression. Finally, the phenylboronic acid-conjugated alginate (Alg-BA) adhesive layer offers stable tissue adhesion and ionic conductivity, optimizing the TA-SA-PNI for seamless integration into neural applications. Leveraging these advantages, in vivo demonstrations of bidirectional neural pathways are successfully conducted, featuring stable measurements of sensory neural signals and feedback electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerves of rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401796"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Group IV Bimetallic MOFs Engineering Enhanced Metabolic Profiles Co-Predict Liposarcoma Recognition and Classification.","authors":"Heyuhan Zhang, Ping Tao, Hanxing Tong, Yong Zhang, Nianrong Sun, Chunhui Deng","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rarity and heterogeneity of liposarcomas (LPS) pose significant challenges in their diagnosis and management. In this work, a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) engineering is designed and implemented. Through comprehensive characterization and performance evaluations, such as stability, thermal-driven desorption efficiency, as well as energy- and charge-transfer capacity, the engineering of group IV bimetallic MOFs emerges as particularly noteworthy. This is especially true for their derivative products, which exhibit superior performance across a range of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI MS) performance tests, including those involving practical sample assessments. The top-performing product is utilized to enable high-throughput recording of LPS metabolic fingerprints (PMFs) within seconds using LDI MS. With machine learning on PMFs, both the LPSrecognizer and LPSclassifier are developed, achieving accurate recognition and classification of LPS with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.900-1.000. Simplified versions are also developed of the LPSrecognizer and LPSclassifier by screening metabolic biomarker panels, achieving considerable predictive performance, and conducting basic pathway exploration. The work highlights the MOFs engineering for the matrix design and their potential application in developing metabolic analysis and screening tools for rare diseases in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401421"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401107
Qianwen Wang, Hongyuan Zhu, Lin Deng, Shuangbin Xu, Wenqin Xie, Ming Li, Rui Wang, Liang Tie, Li Zhan, Guangchuang Yu
{"title":"Spatial Transcriptomics: Biotechnologies, Computational Tools, and Neuroscience Applications.","authors":"Qianwen Wang, Hongyuan Zhu, Lin Deng, Shuangbin Xu, Wenqin Xie, Ming Li, Rui Wang, Liang Tie, Li Zhan, Guangchuang Yu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spatial transcriptomics (ST) represents a revolutionary approach in molecular biology, providing unprecedented insights into the spatial organization of gene expression within tissues. This review aims to elucidate advancements in ST technologies, their computational tools, and their pivotal applications in neuroscience. It is begun with a historical overview, tracing the evolution from early image-based techniques to contemporary sequence-based methods. Subsequently, the computational methods essential for ST data analysis, including preprocessing, cell type annotation, spatial clustering, detection of spatially variable genes, cell-cell interaction analysis, and 3D multi-slices integration are discussed. The central focus of this review is the application of ST in neuroscience, where it has significantly contributed to understanding the brain's complexity. Through ST, researchers advance brain atlas projects, gain insights into brain development, and explore neuroimmune dysfunctions, particularly in brain tumors. Additionally, ST enhances understanding of neuronal vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. In conclusion, while ST has already profoundly impacted neuroscience, challenges remain issues such as enhancing sequencing technologies and developing robust computational tools. This review underscores the transformative potential of ST in neuroscience, paving the way for new therapeutic insights and advancements in brain research.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401107"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401884
Rui Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Tiancheng Xie, Cairong Jiang, Jianjun Ma, Chunlin Xie, Huimin Ji, Jin Wang, Huanhuan Li, Haiyan Wang
{"title":"N,O Co-Doped Carbon Spheres Enable Stable Anode-Less Sodium Metal Batteries.","authors":"Rui Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhu, Tiancheng Xie, Cairong Jiang, Jianjun Ma, Chunlin Xie, Huimin Ji, Jin Wang, Huanhuan Li, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anode-less sodium metal batteries (SMBs) suffer from the formation of Na dendrites and inactive Na on an anode substrate though showing advantages of high energy densities and low costs. Herein, N,O co-doped carbon spheres (NOCS), which are synthesized via a scalable polymerization and pyrolysis method, are employed as a thin and stable sodiophillic nucleation layer on the Cu foil. Combined with electrochemical measurements, Na deposition morphology observations and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the introduced N and O heteroatoms can greatly enhance the adsorption of Na<sup>+</sup> on the carbon substrate and reduce the nucleation overpotential, thus forming sufficient seeding sites and guiding homogeneous Na deposition. Consequently, the NOCS coated Cu electrode achieves the outstanding reversibility of Na plating/stripping process over 1000 cycles at 2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with 2 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> in asymmetric cells, as well as over 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with 1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> in symmetric cells. Moreover, this modified Cu foil enables the anode-less full-cell with a high-loading Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> cathode to deliver a high initial capacity of 103 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> with a capacity retention of 79% after 350 cycles at 200 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating the pave to the practical anode-less SMBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401884"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401523
Elena Tomšík, Stephen Boahene, Kateřina Aubrechtová Dragounová, Rene Pfeifer, Dhananjay Kumar Sharma, Ondrej Szabó, Zuzana Walterová, Štěpán Potocký, Alexander Kromka
{"title":"Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Polyaniline-Boron Doped Diamond Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications.","authors":"Elena Tomšík, Stephen Boahene, Kateřina Aubrechtová Dragounová, Rene Pfeifer, Dhananjay Kumar Sharma, Ondrej Szabó, Zuzana Walterová, Štěpán Potocký, Alexander Kromka","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding how to tune the properties of electroactive materials is a key parameter for their applications in energy storage systems. This work presents a comprehensive study in tailoring polyaniline (PANI) suspensions by acid-assisted polymerization method and their subsequent deposition on boron-doped diamond (BDD) supports with low/high B concentrations. The porous or densely packed morphology of PANI is successfully controlled by varying the monomer-to-initiator ratio. The interaction between PANI and BDDs leads to the shift in oxidation and reduction potentials, and the high B doping resulted in the reduction of the oxidation potentials. Notably, the highest specific capacitance of 958 F g<sup>-1</sup>, which represents 90% of the theoretical capacitance, is recorded for the support with relatively low B content. Moreover, PANI obtained by slow kinetic has a stronger interaction with the B-doped diamond support, which is confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing PANI suspension preparation methods and selecting appropriate boron doping concentrations in nanodiamond supports for composite electrodes in energy storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401523"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}