Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401928
Xiaoyan Zou, Shilu Zhu, Yifeng Xia, Jie Gao, Jiading Chen, Peng Yao, Min Ye, Shuwei Shen, Ronald X Xu
{"title":"Lego-Inspired Splicing of Modularized Vascular Channels.","authors":"Xiaoyan Zou, Shilu Zhu, Yifeng Xia, Jie Gao, Jiading Chen, Peng Yao, Min Ye, Shuwei Shen, Ronald X Xu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular channels embedded within tissue-engineered hydrogels play a crucial role in replicating natural physiological environments and facilitating the delivery of nutrients and removal of metabolic byproducts. Although present techniques provide diverse strategies to create vascular channels, the flexible and scalable construction of these channels within hydrogels remains a challenge. Here, inspired by Lego assembly, an innovative modular construction strategy is introduced for developing perfusable vascular channels within hydrogels. This approach involves the customized design and fabrication of individual modules featuring diverse vascular channel architectures, which can be flexibly assembled into large-scale hydrogel constructs with hierarchical vascular channels through splicing. As a proof of concept, gelatin-based constructs with vascular channels are spliced across multiple dimensions-1D, 2D, and 3D-to validate the flexibility and scalability of the splicing technique. These vascular hydrogel constructs are successfully perfused, and the interfacial strengths of the different spliced constructs are characterized. Furthermore, a functionalized construct capable of mimicking the vascular barrier function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is established, and determined arterial endothelial cell integrity and functionality under flow conditions. The innovative splicing technique offers new insights into the construction of large-scale in vitro vascularized tissues, paving the way for addressing specific tissue engineering needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401928"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500478
Xu Wang, Zixiang Yang, Mikhail Pugach, Ning Fu, Yujia Cai, Qinghua Zhang, Yang Hou, Zhizhen Ye, Jianguo Lu
{"title":"Cu/Li Heterotopic Doping to Enable Long-Term Cyclicity for P2-Type Nickel Manganese Based Sodium‑Ion Batteries.","authors":"Xu Wang, Zixiang Yang, Mikhail Pugach, Ning Fu, Yujia Cai, Qinghua Zhang, Yang Hou, Zhizhen Ye, Jianguo Lu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>P2-Na<sub>0.67</sub>Ni<sub>0.33</sub>Mn<sub>0.67</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is regarded as a viable cathode material for sodium ion batteries due to its high theoretical energy density. However, it also has challenges that impair its electrochemical performance, like the P2-O2 phase transition, the strong Jahn-Teller distortion effect, and the Na<sup>+</sup>/vacancy ordering at high voltage. Here, an approach is proposed to use the Cu/Li binary doping modification of P2-Na<sub>0.67</sub>Ni<sub>0.33</sub>Mn<sub>0.67</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, which stabilizes the cathode structure by introducing Li into alkali metal sites and Cu at transition metal sites. Due to its anti-site doping, Li acts as an interlayer stationary point that suppresses the relative slip of the TMO<sub>2</sub> layer under high pressure and produces a solid solution reaction that is nearly zero phase transition. The assembled full-cell devices with Na<sub>0.67</sub>Li<sub>0.1</sub>Ni<sub>0.18</sub>Cu<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.67</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode and commercial hard carbon anode can deliver a high energy density of 379.3 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, due to the proposed unique dual-site doping, the full-cell also exhibits excellent cycling stability, which maintains a capacity retention rate of 84% and 71% over 200 and 1000 cycles at 1 C and 10 C, respectively. As a result, the proposed doping technique offers an effective approach to designing cathode materials with excellent cycling stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500478"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401670
Sebastian Fricke, Luuk Kortekaas, Martin Winter, Mariano Grünebaum
{"title":"Introducing an Experimental Route to Identify and Unify Lab-Scale Redox-Flow Battery Cell Performances via Molar Fluxes and Cell Constants.","authors":"Sebastian Fricke, Luuk Kortekaas, Martin Winter, Mariano Grünebaum","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising technology for grid energy storage based on their high potential for scalability, design flexibility, high efficiency, and long durability, hence great effort has been invested in this area of research. However, due to the large differences in lab-scale RFB cell design and construction as well their operational performance, fundamental studies on innovative RFB components (e.g., active materials, separators, additives) compare poorly due to the lack of standard setups, settings, and procedures. This work introduces an experimental calibration route for aqueous as well as nonaqueous RFBs based on a simple mass transport model using molar fluxes, enabling one to compare dissimilar lab-scale RFB cell setups by introducing several RFB parameters: First, K1, which summarizes the operating parameters of an RFB to identify the critical ratio (K1<sub>critical</sub>) needed for efficient charge-discharge cycling using a simple overvoltage and charge efficiency evaluation; second, the RFB cell constant ζ, quantifying the influence of a lab-scale RFB setup on its performance; and finally, K2, ultimately enabling full comparison of (idealized) K1<sub>critical</sub> operating parameters across RFB cell setups.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401670"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500106
Saeid Ansaryan, Yung-Cheng Chiang, Yen-Cheng Liu, Jiayi Tan, Luis Francisco Lorenzo-Martín, Matthias P Lutolf, Genrich Tolstonog, Hatice Altug
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Interrogation of Single Spheroids Using Multiplexed Nanoplasmonic-Fluorescence Imaging.","authors":"Saeid Ansaryan, Yung-Cheng Chiang, Yen-Cheng Liu, Jiayi Tan, Luis Francisco Lorenzo-Martín, Matthias P Lutolf, Genrich Tolstonog, Hatice Altug","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in organoid models, as ex vivo mini-organs, and the development of screening imaging technologies have continuously driven each other forward. A complete understanding of organoids requires detailed insights into the intertwined intraorganoid and extraorganoid activities and how they change across time and space. This study introduces a multiplexed imaging platform that integrates label-free nanoplasmonic biosensing with fluorescence microscopy to offer simultaneous monitoring of dynamics occurring within and around arrays of single spheroids with spatiotemporal resolution. The label-free module employs nanoplasmonic biosensors with extraordinary optical transmission to track biomolecular secretions into the surroundings, while concurrent fluorescence imaging enables structural analysis and viability assessment. To perform multiparametric interrogation of the data from different channels over extended periods, a deep-learning-augmented image analysis is incorporated. The platform is applied to tumor spheroids to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor A secretion alongside morphometric changes and viability, showcasing its ability to capture variations in secretion and growth dynamics between untreated and drug-treated groups. This integrated approach advances comprehensive insights into organoid models and can complement existing technologies to accelerate discoveries in disease modeling and drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500106"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401632
Fan Wu, Nei Li, Yudian Xiao, Rohan Palanki, Hannah Yamagata, Michael J Mitchell, Xuexiang Han
{"title":"Lipid Nanoparticles for Delivery of CRISPR Gene Editing Components.","authors":"Fan Wu, Nei Li, Yudian Xiao, Rohan Palanki, Hannah Yamagata, Michael J Mitchell, Xuexiang Han","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene editing has emerged as a promising therapeutic option for treating genetic diseases. However, a central challenge in the field is the safe and efficient delivery of these large editing tools, especially in vivo. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are attractive nonviral vectors due to their low immunogenicity and high delivery efficiency. To maximize editing efficiency, LNPs should efficiently protect gene editing components against multiple biological barriers and release them into the cytoplasm of target cells. In this review, the widely used CRISPR gene editing systems are first overviewed. Then, each component of LNPs, as well as their effects on delivery, are systematically discussed. Following this, the current LNP engineering strategies to achieve non-liver targeting are summarized. Finally, preclinical and clinical applications of LNPs for in vivo genome editing are highlighted, and perspectives for the future development of LNPs are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401632"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-28DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500499
Fereshteh Rajabi Kouchi, Tony Valayil Varghese, Hailey Burgoyne, Naqsh E Mansoor, Myeong-Lok Seol, Nicholas McKibben, Shruti Nirantar, Karthik Chinnathambi, Josh Eixenberger, Olivia Maryon, Christopher E Shuck, Yury Gogotsi, Jessica E Koehne, David Estrada
{"title":"StableTi<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene Ink Formulation and High-Resolution Aerosol Jet Printing for High-Performance MXene Supercapacitors.","authors":"Fereshteh Rajabi Kouchi, Tony Valayil Varghese, Hailey Burgoyne, Naqsh E Mansoor, Myeong-Lok Seol, Nicholas McKibben, Shruti Nirantar, Karthik Chinnathambi, Josh Eixenberger, Olivia Maryon, Christopher E Shuck, Yury Gogotsi, Jessica E Koehne, David Estrada","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lightweight energy storage devices are essential for developing compact wearable and distributed electronics, and additive manufacturing offers a scalable, low-cost approach to fabricating such devices with complex geometries. However, additive manufacturing of high-performance, on-demand energy storage devices remains challenging due to the need for stable, multifunctional nanomaterial inks. Herein, the development of 2-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene) ink that is compatible with aerosol jet printing for energy storage applications is demonstrated. The developed MXene ink demonstrates long-term chemical and physical stability, ensuring consistent printability and achieving high-resolution prints (≈45 µm width lines) with minimal overspray. The high-resolution aerosol-jet printed MXene supercapacitor achieves an areal capacitance of 122 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> and a volumetric capacitance of 611 F cm<sup>-3</sup>, placing them among the highest-performing printed supercapacitors reported to date. These findings highlight the potential of aerosol jet printing with MXene inks for on-demand, scalable, and cost-effective fabrication of printed electronic and electrochemical devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500499"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500572
Lijia Yu, Yingxin Lin, Xiangnan Xu, Pengyi Yang, Jean Y H Yang
{"title":"Interpretable Differential Abundance Signature (iDAS).","authors":"Lijia Yu, Yingxin Lin, Xiangnan Xu, Pengyi Yang, Jean Y H Yang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Single-cell technologies have revolutionized the understanding of cellular dynamics by allowing researchers to investigate individual cell responses under various conditions, such as comparing diseased versus healthy states. Many differential abundance methods have been developed in this field, however, the understanding of the gene signatures obtained from those methods is often incomplete, requiring the integration of cell type information and other biological factors to yield interpretable and meaningful results. To better interpret the gene signatures generated in the differential abundance analysis, iDAS is developed to classify the gene signatures into multiple categories. When applied to melanoma single-cell data with multiple cell states and treatment phenotypes, iDAS identified cell state- and treatment phenotype-specific gene signatures, as well as interaction effect-related gene signatures with meaningful biological interpretations. The iDAS model is further applied to a longitudinal study and spatially resolved omics data to demonstrate its versatility in different analytical contexts. These results demonstrate that the iDAS framework can effectively identify robust, cell-state specific gene signatures and is versatile enough to accommodate various study designs, including multi-factor longitudinal and spatially resolved data.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500572"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500475
Sathish Panneer Selvam, Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan, Agalya Mathivanan, Sungbo Cho
{"title":"Engineering Pt Single-Atom Doped SeS<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>CNT<sub>x</sub> MXene with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Precision Pancreatic Cancer Diagnostics: DFT and Molecular Dynamics Perspectives.","authors":"Sathish Panneer Selvam, Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan, Agalya Mathivanan, Sungbo Cho","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclophilin-B (CypB) is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, thus, the potential screening of CypB in biofluids and tissue samples may boost the identification of early-stage pancreatic cancer. A novel strategy of CypB detection utilizing the molecularly imprinted polymer platform, comprising higher binding affinity exhibiting cavities against the CypB protein was developed. Specifically, a nanocatalyst consisting of Pt single atom (Pt<sub>sa</sub>)-doped selenium disulfide (SeS<sub>2</sub>)/Ti<sub>3</sub>CNT<sub>x</sub> MXene nanocomposite is designed. The sluggish diffusion of Pt<sub>sa</sub> caused by the highest migration energy barrier of 6.39 eV unveils exceptionally high stability (2.89 ×10<sup>88</sup> d (300 K) and 1.053 × 10<sup>24</sup> d (750 K)) with (SeS<sub>2</sub>)/Ti<sub>3</sub>CNT<sub>x</sub> surface. The Pt<sub>sa</sub> boosted charge transfer kinetics paves the improved performance of the CypB sensor, while SeS<sub>2</sub>/Ti<sub>3</sub>CNT<sub>x</sub> supports the stable current density overall. The system establishes a dynamic linear range from 0.12 to 250 nm of CypB detection which correlates with the physiological existence of the CypB in human biofluids and tissues and the excellent detection limit of 80 pm. The liquid chromatography integrated mass spectrometer investigation warranted the significant enhancement of CypB associates with the progression of pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500475"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500156
Yilin Liu, Haiyang Liu, Fanglu Qin, Aosai Yang, Sheng Liu, Li Zhang, Mengqi Zeng, Junyong Wang, Lei Fu, Ruitao Lv, Kai Zhang, Fengcheng Wu, Hao Wang, Ting Yu
{"title":"Electrically Pumped Valley Emitter in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Magnetic Manipulation.","authors":"Yilin Liu, Haiyang Liu, Fanglu Qin, Aosai Yang, Sheng Liu, Li Zhang, Mengqi Zeng, Junyong Wang, Lei Fu, Ruitao Lv, Kai Zhang, Fengcheng Wu, Hao Wang, Ting Yu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optical pumping has been extensively employed as a straightforward and efficient method for the investigation of excitonic effects in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, the challenge of achieving well-matched resonant excitation makes it difficult to conduct a comprehensive and rigorous comparative study across different TMDCs systems. In this work, electrical pumping is utilized on quantum well structures of TMDCs, enabling equivalent carrier injection with similar kinetic energy while effectively mitigating the effects of non-resonant excitation. Valley-polarized electroluminescence (VP-EL) is systematically investigated under varying magnetic fields, demonstrating that without magnetic electrodes or substrates, reversing the magnetic field direction induces a corresponding reversal in the EL valley polarization. A comparative analysis of VP-EL from monolayer WS<sub>2</sub>, its homobilayer (WS<sub>2</sub>/WS<sub>2</sub>), and heterobilayer (WS<sub>2</sub>/WSe<sub>2</sub>) reveals that large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and dark exciton ground state of WS<sub>2</sub> enable the polarization reversal tunable by interlayer charge transfer and spin-matched interlayer hopping. This work elucidates the roles of SOC and the excitonic states for magneto-electroluminescence and demonstrates electrical pumping as a vital technique for the exploration of optical properties of 2D semiconductors.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500156"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500622
Aristide Djoulde, Anup Sharma, Alfred Bekoe Appiagyei, Levi Tegg, Yang Liu, Lian Zhang, Julie M Cairney, Yunlong Tang, Jing Fu
{"title":"On-Tip Polymerization Method for Multimodal Characterization of Nanoparticles with Electron/Ion Imaging and Atom Probe Tomography.","authors":"Aristide Djoulde, Anup Sharma, Alfred Bekoe Appiagyei, Levi Tegg, Yang Liu, Lian Zhang, Julie M Cairney, Yunlong Tang, Jing Fu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents a novel method for exploring the structures and chemistry of nanoparticles (NPs), addressing challenges in multimodal and correlative microscopy analysis. The proposed method utilizes a \"needle-eye\" design, featuring a through-microchannel fabricated at the needle tip. The microchannel and its surface are tuned via focused ion beam (FIB) milling and plasma treatment, enabling NPs dispersed in a resin precursor to be confined in the microchannel due to a pressure gradient upon immersion. The retained suspension is promptly polymerized in situ on the tip and shaped by FIB milling into specific geometries, including but not limited to a micropillar, lamella, and nanoneedle. Here, to demonstrate its applicability, a mixed metal oxide catalyst prepared by the needle-eye approach is characterized with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), FIB secondary ion mass spectrometry (FIB-SIMS), (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM), and atom probe tomography (APT). The results validate the ability of the method to achieve multimodal, combining correlative and complementary high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of individuals and clustered NPs. The proposed method confines picoliter-scale samples (6-60 pL) at a tip, eliminating lift-out and microtomy while enabling comprehensive analysis via combined microscopy techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500622"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}