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Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Molecular Probes for Imaging in Intelligent Biomedicine. 用于智能生物医学成像的同步加速器 X 射线分子探针。
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401890
Dapeng Yin, Yubo Liu, Yu Zhang, Xiaoqing Cai, Jiang Li, Jun Hu, Jichao Zhang, Ying Zhu
{"title":"Synchrotron-Based X-Ray Molecular Probes for Imaging in Intelligent Biomedicine.","authors":"Dapeng Yin, Yubo Liu, Yu Zhang, Xiaoqing Cai, Jiang Li, Jun Hu, Jichao Zhang, Ying Zhu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the construction and operational launch of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, X-ray molecular probe technology is actively explored and developed, playing an increasingly significant role in modern life sciences. This review provides an overview of synchrotron-based X-ray imaging techniques and emphasizes the applications of X-ray molecular probes across various fields associated with intelligent biomedicine. Building on this foundation, it further discusses future advancements in X-ray molecular probes and forecasts their application trends in intelligent biomedicine, particularly in the realm of personalized treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401890"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlating Grain Boundary Character and Composition in 3-Dimensions Using 4D-Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction and Atom Probe Tomography. 利用四维扫描前驱电子衍射和原子探针断层扫描技术在三维空间中关联晶界特征和成分
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401650
Saurabh M Das, Patrick Harrison, Srikakulapu Kiranbabu, Xuyang Zhou, Wolfgang Ludwig, Edgar F Rauch, Michael Herbig, Christian H Liebscher
{"title":"Correlating Grain Boundary Character and Composition in 3-Dimensions Using 4D-Scanning Precession Electron Diffraction and Atom Probe Tomography.","authors":"Saurabh M Das, Patrick Harrison, Srikakulapu Kiranbabu, Xuyang Zhou, Wolfgang Ludwig, Edgar F Rauch, Michael Herbig, Christian H Liebscher","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grain boundaries (GBs) are dominant imperfections in nanocrystalline materials that form a complex 3D network. Solute segregation to GBs is strongly coupled to the GB character, which governs the stability and macroscopic properties of nanostructured materials. Here, a 3D transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT) correlation framework are developed to retrieve the GB character and composition at the highest spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity by correlating 4D scanning precession electron diffraction tomography (4D-SPEDT) and APT on the same sample. The 3D GB habit plane network and explore the preferential segregation of Cu and Si in a nanocrystalline Ni-W alloy is obtained. The correlation of structural and compositional information reveals that Cu segregates predominantly along high-angle GBs and incoherent twin boundaries, whereas Si segregation to low-angle and incommensurate GBs is observed. The novel full 3D correlative approach employed in this work opens up new possibilities to explore the 3D crystallographic and compositional nature of nanomaterials. This lays the foundation for both probing the true 3D structure-chemistry at the sub-nanometer scale and, consequentially, tailoring the macroscopic properties of advanced nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401650"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Branched Hierarchical Porous Carbon Enables Ultrasensitive Detection of Serum Glycans for Comprehensive Assessment of Urological Cancers.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402033
Yiwen Lin, Yijie Chen, Yonglei Wu, Chunhui Deng, Shuai Jiang, Nianrong Sun
{"title":"Branched Hierarchical Porous Carbon Enables Ultrasensitive Detection of Serum Glycans for Comprehensive Assessment of Urological Cancers.","authors":"Yiwen Lin, Yijie Chen, Yonglei Wu, Chunhui Deng, Shuai Jiang, Nianrong Sun","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensitive detection of low levels of serum glycans is essential for diagnosing various urological cancers with ambiguous clinical symptoms, but this remains challenging due to the lack of affordable, user-friendly methods with adequate accuracy. Here, microemulsion-guided assembly of hierarchical porous cerium-based metal-organic frameworks and iron ion absorption are exploited to develop a novel graphitized carbon matrix (HPC-Ce/Fe) with high specific surface area and hierarchical porosity through controllable high-temperature treatment, which effectively promotes the diffusion and adsorption of N-glycans, resulting in an outstanding improvement in the detection limit for N-glycans. Leveraging the high enrichment sensitivity of HPC-Ce/Fe, high-throughput mass spectrometry is used to rapidly acquire high-quality glycan profiles from over a hundred serum samples of urological cancers, including prostate, bladder, and renal cancer. Machine learning is employed to screen and evaluate differential-specific glycans, thereby developing a comprehensive diagnostic system for urological cancers, capable of distinguishing cancer patients from healthy donors (area under the curve values (AUCs) of 0.987-1.000) as well as differentiating among cancer types (AUCs of 0.960-0.993).</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402033"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electronic Properties in Kagome Superconductors AV3Sb5(A=K, Rb, Cs) and CsCr3Sb5.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402163
Xingyu Lai, Jingyuan Zhong, Jincheng Zhuang, Yi Du
{"title":"Electronic Properties in Kagome Superconductors AV<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub>(A=K, Rb, Cs) and CsCr<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub>.","authors":"Xingyu Lai, Jingyuan Zhong, Jincheng Zhuang, Yi Du","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The materials with Kagome lattice have evoked tremendous interest in communities of condensed matter physics and material science due to their fascinating features, such as electronic correlation effects, topological properties, unconventional superconductivity, and rich charge orders. Among them, AV<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub> (A = K, Rb, Cs) system is thoroughly investigated since its fabrication in 2019, and a rich phase diagram of quantum states including the charge density wave (CDW) order, electronic nematic phase, conventional and unconventional superconducting phases is obtained under different temperatures and external pressures. Here, the recent progress is reviewed on the electronic properties in the AV<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub> system. Several kinds of Van Hove singularities emerge near the Fermi surface, engendering two rival orders of CDW and superconductivity due to the Fermi instability. The relationship between the pressure and superconducting transition temperature is summarized by enumerating the superconducting properties of different samples. Moreover, the possible unconventional superconductivity accompanied by charming magnetic orders in a new material, CsCr<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub>, which is obtained by completely replacing V atoms with Cr atoms, is addressed under high pressure. Finally, a perspective on the realization of unconventional superconductivity is proposed in the ambient atmosphere to lower the threshold of superconductivity study in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402163"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing SERS Applications of 2D Materials through the Interplay of Rational Design and Structure-Property Relationships.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402056
Aditya Thakur, Ruchi Singh, Vikas Yadav, Soumik Siddhanta, Kolleboyina Jayarmaulu
{"title":"Advancing SERS Applications of 2D Materials through the Interplay of Rational Design and Structure-Property Relationships.","authors":"Aditya Thakur, Ruchi Singh, Vikas Yadav, Soumik Siddhanta, Kolleboyina Jayarmaulu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly sensitive analytical tool for molecular investigations, particularly in biological systems. While metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored for SERS, their performance depends on size, shape, and crystal structure. However, their Raman scattering efficiency is low, limiting applications. To overcome these challenges, 2D materials have emerged as promising SERS substrates due to their high surface area, charge transfer capabilities, stability, and tunable optical properties. Their biocompatibility makes them ideal for chemical and biomedical applications, including microfluidic systems, drug delivery, and in vivo diagnostics. This review comprehensively examines the development, structural characteristics, and plasmonic integration of 2D materials in SERS. It highlights design considerations, structural optimization using machine learning (ML), and material performance. ML-driven approaches enable precise tuning of 2D materials' optical, electrical, and chemical properties, enhancing biosensing capabilities. Computational algorithms facilitate the detection of ultra-low concentrations of biomolecules such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), proteins, and metabolites. ML also offers powerful tools for data analysis, material optimization, and automated sensing, significantly advancing SERS applications. The synergy between ML and 2D materials opens new avenues for high-performance biosensing and analytical technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402056"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Selective Area Growth of Josephson Junctions in Ladder-Like Structures of Bismuth Islands.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402208
Hongyuan Chen, Xiaolong Ma, Liangyong Jiang, Bing Xia, Bo Yang, Jie Cai, Yi Zhang, Hao Yang, Liang Liu, Xiaoxue Liu, Dandan Guan, Shiyong Wang, Yaoyi Li, Canhua Liu, Hao Zheng, Lunhui Hu, Hemian Yi, Jinfeng Jia
{"title":"Selective Area Growth of Josephson Junctions in Ladder-Like Structures of Bismuth Islands.","authors":"Hongyuan Chen, Xiaolong Ma, Liangyong Jiang, Bing Xia, Bo Yang, Jie Cai, Yi Zhang, Hao Yang, Liang Liu, Xiaoxue Liu, Dandan Guan, Shiyong Wang, Yaoyi Li, Canhua Liu, Hao Zheng, Lunhui Hu, Hemian Yi, Jinfeng Jia","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A distinguishing characteristic of Josephson junctions (JJs) is their nonlinear current-voltage response, which fulfills the requirements for superconducting quantum computing. Achieving atomically sharp interfaces between superconductors and weak links in JJs can realize the superconductivity proximity effect, advancing the investigation of intrinsic properties in unconventional superconductors and their potential applications. Here, a contamination-free approach to fabricating planar JJs using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is presented. The self-assembled Bi buffer layer forms a ladder-like framework on Si (111) 7 × 7 reconstructions, consisting of a wetting layer of Bi interspersed with Bi crystalline islands. Upon depositing Pb on this Bi buffer layer, Pb atoms dominantly nucleate on the Bi wetting layer, bypassing the Bi islands to form arrayed JJs. The selective area growth of Pb thin films is attributed to the higher nucleation densities for Pb on the Bi wetting layer compared to Bi crystalline islands. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements reveal the superconducting correlations within the interior of junctions. The study establishes an in-vacuo deposition method for fabricating pristine JJs, facilitating the potential investigation of emergent superconducting phenomena in designed heterostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402208"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exosome-Based Theranostic for Gastrointestinal Cancer: Advances in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Engineering. 基于外泌体的胃肠道癌症治疗药物:生物标记物发现和治疗工程的进展。
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202402058
Mohit J Mehta, Dongjun Shin, Hyun Sung Park, Jun Su An, Seong Il Lim, Hyun Jin Kim, Seungpyo Hong, Jiyoon Bu
{"title":"Exosome-Based Theranostic for Gastrointestinal Cancer: Advances in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Engineering.","authors":"Mohit J Mehta, Dongjun Shin, Hyun Sung Park, Jun Su An, Seong Il Lim, Hyun Jin Kim, Seungpyo Hong, Jiyoon Bu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes have emerged as versatile biomolecules in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer management, leveraging their inherent cargo-carrying capabilities to overcome the limitations of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of exosome-based technologies, highlighting their dual roles as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicles. On the diagnostic front, this review investigates specific exosomal biomarkers-including miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and proteins-emphasizing their roles in tumor biology and their clinical utility, such as diagnostic accuracy, early detection potential, and prognostic significance. Therapeutically, this study examines the sources, purification methodologies, and engineering strategies that enhance the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in modulating immune responses, overcoming drug resistance, and suppressing metastasis. By providing a comprehensive overview of the field, this review serves as a guideline for researchers and clinicians entering this field, offering novel insights into the potential of exosome-based theranostic systems and delineating future directions to overcome existing challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402058"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tuning Self-Assembly of Hole-Selective Monolayers for Reproducible Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401758
Oussama Er-Raji, Stefan Lange, Carl Eric Hartwig, Adi Prasetio, Martin Bivour, Martin Hermle, Marko Turek, Stefaan De Wolf, Stefan W Glunz, Juliane Borchert, Patricia S C Schulze
{"title":"Tuning Self-Assembly of Hole-Selective Monolayers for Reproducible Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.","authors":"Oussama Er-Raji, Stefan Lange, Carl Eric Hartwig, Adi Prasetio, Martin Bivour, Martin Hermle, Marko Turek, Stefaan De Wolf, Stefan W Glunz, Juliane Borchert, Patricia S C Schulze","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-assemble monolayers (SAMs) have become state-of-the-art hole-selective contacts for high-efficiency perovskite-based solar cells due to their easy processing, passivation capability, and low parasitic absorption. Nevertheless, for the deposition of SAMs with a monolayer thickness and a high packing density on metal oxide substrates, critical challenges persist. To overcome these, the study focuses on the impact of annealing temperature - an intrinsic yet so far unexplored process parameter - during the formation of SAMs. By performing in situ angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with advanced data analysis routines, it is revealed that increasing the annealing temperature reduces the formed SAM layer thickness from a multilayer stack of ≈5 nm at 100 °C (conventional temperature employed in literature) to a monolayer at 150 °C. Furthermore, denser adsorption of the SAM to the metal oxide surface is promoted at high temperatures, which enhances the interfacial SAM/perovskite passivation quality. With this strategy, a 1.3%<sub>abs</sub> power conversion efficiency (PCE) increment is obtained in fully-textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, with improved reproducibility, and a champion device approaching 30% PCE. This study advances the understanding of SAMs formation and presents a promising strategy for further progress in high-efficiency perovskite-based solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401758"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Silver Nanocube Epitaxy via Nanogap-Induced Electrostatics.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401304
Muhammad L Fajri, Anna Capitaine, Lionel Santinacci, Beniamino Sciacca
{"title":"Silver Nanocube Epitaxy via Nanogap-Induced Electrostatics.","authors":"Muhammad L Fajri, Anna Capitaine, Lionel Santinacci, Beniamino Sciacca","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanostructures are highly valued in nanophotonic devices due to their appealing plasmonic properties and affordability relative to gold. Yet, fabricating high-quality, monocrystalline silver nanostructures, with full control over the shape, is challenging. A mild, liquid-phase method for the epitaxial welding of adjacent monocrystalline silver nanocubes in reductant-free conditions is introduced to prevent the formation of detrimental nuclei on the surface that can degrade the nanostructures' optical qualities. The mechanism is thoroughly investigated and it is found that the nanocubes themselves can act as reducing agents, promoting growth preferentially into the gap as a result of electrostatic interactions. By controlling experimental parameters such as temperature, pH, and the introduction of capping agents, a balance between nanocube epitaxy and shape retention is achieved. Finally, by applying this procedure to nanoparticle assembled in predefined meta-atoms, the feasibility of creating intricate silver nanostructures, that are monocrystalline as verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), is demonstrated. This advancement paves the way for bottom-up fabrication of optical metasurfaces that can be swiftly integrated in devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401304"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glycan-Anchored Fluorescence Labeling of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Investigating Their Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Fate.
IF 10.7 2区 材料科学
Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401996
Xueqi Su, Siqin Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, Xueping Pan, Yingying Ke, Yalan Fan, Jian Li, Lingyu Zhang, Chaoxiang Chen
{"title":"Glycan-Anchored Fluorescence Labeling of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Investigating Their Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Fate.","authors":"Xueqi Su, Siqin Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, Xueping Pan, Yingying Ke, Yalan Fan, Jian Li, Lingyu Zhang, Chaoxiang Chen","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401996","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are promising therapeutic delivery platforms due to their natural bioactivity, biocompatibility, and ability to cross biological barriers. However, analyzing their cellular uptake and trafficking is limited by existing fluorescent labeling methods, which often cause dye leakage and disrupt vesicle integrity. Here, a glycan-anchored fluorescence labeling strategy for mEVs is developed, involving periodate oxidation of surface sialic acids followed by aniline-catalyzed ligation of hydrazide-functionalized fluorophores. Nano-flow cytometry characterization confirmed ≈100% labeling efficiency without compromising mEVs integrity or uptake behavior. This approach enabled quantitative analysis of mEVs internalization, identifying clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis as the primary pathways and confirming mEVs' capacity for lysosomal escape. Comparative analyses showed that traditional lipophilic dyes induced vesicle aggregation, dye leakage, and transfer, potentially misrepresenting mEVs behavior. Additionally, co-labeling mEVs with glycan-anchored fluorophores and FITC-conjugated paclitaxel enabled real-time tracking of drug delivery, revealing a burst release from lysosomes that led to significant cytotoxicity. Overall, the glycan-anchored fluorescence labeling allows precise analysis of mEVs uptake and intracellular fate, paving the way for further research and application in targeted drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401996"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143490086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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