Small Methods最新文献_第9页

High Efficiency n-Type Electrochemical Doping of Homogeneous Polymeric Mixed Conductors by Aromatic Cation Insertion in Aqueous Electrolyte. 芳香族阳离子插入均相聚合物混合导体的高效n型电化学掺杂。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501365

Runxia Wang, Junxin Chen, Juntao Tan, Sairathna Choppella, Mahesh Kumar Ravva, Zhengke Li, Qingyao Cui, Mingfei Xiao, Tao Zhang, Wan Yue

{"title":"High Efficiency n-Type Electrochemical Doping of Homogeneous Polymeric Mixed Conductors by Aromatic Cation Insertion in Aqueous Electrolyte.","authors":"Runxia Wang, Junxin Chen, Juntao Tan, Sairathna Choppella, Mahesh Kumar Ravva, Zhengke Li, Qingyao Cui, Mingfei Xiao, Tao Zhang, Wan Yue","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501365","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical doping is central to energy storage, neuromorphic computing, and biosensing, yet the mechanisms governing efficient n-type doping and ion-structure correlations remain poorly understood. Here, efficient n-type electrochemical doping is reported in the polymeric mixed conductor gDPP-tB0 through tailored organic cation interactions, investigated via cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and molecular dynamics simulations. Compared to the choline cation (Ch+) system, the 1-ethylpyridinium cation (EPy+) system exhibited superior doping kinetics, achieving a higher reduction current density (0.47 mA cm-2), faster ion diffusion coefficient (6.77 × 10-9 cm2 s-1), more pronounced polaron generation, and improved OECT performance (µC* up to 18.7 F cm-1 V-1 s-1). These improvements stem from EPy+'s preferential backbone localization, which minimizes polymer distortion, maintains high crystallinity, and optimizes ion-electron coupling, thus resulting in more efficient n-type electrochemical doping. Moreover, further gains in doping efficiency are realized by tuning the pyridyl cation concentration and alkyl chain length. The work reveals a new paradigm for efficient n-type electrochemical doping in polymeric mixed conductors via organic cation engineering, offering new insights into the rational design of ionic liquids for enhancing n-type electrochemical doping and accelerating the development of wearable bioelectronics.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01365"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Boosting Low-Temperature Ionic Conductivity in MOF-Based Solid-State Electrolytes via Tailored Fluoro-Ligand Incorporation Into Crystal Frameworks. 通过在晶体框架中加入量身定制的氟配体来提高mof基固态电解质的低温离子电导率。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501464

Lu Shi, Xin Wang, Zhiliang Liu

{"title":"Boosting Low-Temperature Ionic Conductivity in MOF-Based Solid-State Electrolytes via Tailored Fluoro-Ligand Incorporation Into Crystal Frameworks.","authors":"Lu Shi, Xin Wang, Zhiliang Liu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501464","url":null,"abstract":"The stable operation of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) at low temperature is critical for expanding the application of solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) in cold climates. However, there are few relevant literature reports. Herein, a breakthrough is realized to directly address this challenge through tailored fluoro-ligand incorporation into the crystal framework of MOF-808. A series of fluorinated MOF-808 (MOF-808-хF, x = 3, 5, 7) are rationally constructed with fluorinated carboxylic acid of different chain lengths through fluorination engineering at the molecular level to precisely modulate the channels surface environment. Specifically, the chemical anchored F groups effectively promote the capture of anions and transport of Li+, while endowing the MOF-808 with excellent mechanical strength and flexibility, thereby improving the performances of SSEs in operation at low temperature. As a result, the optimized MOF-808-5F achieves remarkable ionic conductivity (1.25 × 10-4 S cm-1), high Li+ transference number (0.58) and wide electrochemical window (5.4 V) at -40 °C. Furthermore, fluorinated MOF-808 contributes to LiF solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and effectively inhibits Li dendrites growth, enabling Li|MOF-808-5F|Li cell to realize a stable plating/stripping cycling over 1000 h at 0.2 mA cm-2. Such results provide an insight on the design of electrolytes for SSLBs operating under low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01464"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dielectric Engineering of ZnO@ZIF-8 for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Humidity Sensors. 高性能摩擦纳米发电机和自供电湿度传感器的ZnO@ZIF-8介电工程。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500746

Swathi Ippili, Venkatraju Jella, Sai Prabhas Peram, Praveen K Thallapally, Radek Zboril, Kolleboyina Jayaramulu, Soon-Gil Yoon

{"title":"Dielectric Engineering of ZnO@ZIF-8 for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Self-Powered Humidity Sensors.","authors":"Swathi Ippili, Venkatraju Jella, Sai Prabhas Peram, Praveen K Thallapally, Radek Zboril, Kolleboyina Jayaramulu, Soon-Gil Yoon","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500746","url":null,"abstract":"Porous metal oxide-metal-organic framework (MOx@MOF) hybrids offer synergistic effects that enhance surface charge density, electronic structure, and textural properties, making them ideal for self-powered sensing applications. Here, uniform, and pinhole-free ternary porous ZnO-PTFE@ZIF-8 hybrid films are developed on room-temperature co-sputtered ZnO-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composite films, where ZnO serves as a self-sacrificial precursor to precisely regulate ZIF-8 (Zn-MeIm2) growth through solvothermal methods. The resulting TENG achieves a high output power density of 0.67 mW cm-2, attributed to the synergistic effects of fluorine-rich PTFE and methyl-functionalized ZIF-8, which enhance surface charge density and dielectric response. By tuning PTFE content in the ZnO-PTFE composite, the dielectric constant and triboelectric output is optimized. The ZP60@ZIF-8-based device also demonstrates excellent humidity sensing performance, with a wide detection range (20-99% RH) and ultrahigh sensitivity (RV% of 19 900%, RI% of 19 325% at 99% RH). These results position ZP@ZIF-8-based TENGs as promising platforms for next-generation self-powered sensors and smart wearable electronics.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e00746"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Time- and Space-Resolved Characterization of Carrier Dynamics and Defect Evolution in Photovoltaic Devices Using Transient Techniques. 基于瞬态技术的光电器件载流子动力学和缺陷演化的时空分辨表征。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501112

Zeyu Ma, Guilin Liu, Lan Wang, Yimiao Wang, Yingxue He, Bingjie Zhu, Rubin Liu, Jintong Zhu, Qi Chen

{"title":"Time- and Space-Resolved Characterization of Carrier Dynamics and Defect Evolution in Photovoltaic Devices Using Transient Techniques.","authors":"Zeyu Ma, Guilin Liu, Lan Wang, Yimiao Wang, Yingxue He, Bingjie Zhu, Rubin Liu, Jintong Zhu, Qi Chen","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501112","url":null,"abstract":"The spatiotemporal interplay between carrier dynamics and defect evolution critically determines solar cell performance yet is often obscured by the limitations of conventional characterization methods. Here, an integrated transient photovoltage (TPV) and photocurrent (TPC) mapping system are presented to diagnose complex defect physics in photovoltaic devices. For Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC) solar cells with artificial surface recombination, a novel analytical framework is demonstrated to visualize defects, overcoming the single-point limitation of conventional transient methods. While conventional lifetime mapping proves insensitive to localized defects due to spatial-averaging effects, whereas a map of the TPV fit variance, which probes local kinetic complexity, serves as a powerful and direct indicator of recombination-active defect zones. In studying the light-induced degradation (LID) of GaAs solar cells, the paradox of power conversion efficiency is resolved, decreasing from 24.45% to 22.45% despite a counterintuitive increase in photoluminescence. An evidence is provided for a light-induced modification of key interfaces, where enhanced electron accumulation elevates the internal carrier population (increasing PL), while a concurrently formed barrier to charge extraction at the contacts degrades overall device performance. This work presents a powerful methodology for moving beyond simple defect mapping to a more profound, mechanism-based understanding of device performance and stability.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01112"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sulfur-Mediated Dehydrogenation and Bonding for Plateau-Dominated Hard Carbon Anodes. 高原主导硬碳阳极的硫介导脱氢和键合。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501344

Juan Chen, Yuhao Lu, Yi Zhang, Lixin Bai, Zheng Yi, Yuansen Xie, Jian Jiang, Maowen Xu, Yuruo Qi

{"title":"Sulfur-Mediated Dehydrogenation and Bonding for Plateau-Dominated Hard Carbon Anodes.","authors":"Juan Chen, Yuhao Lu, Yi Zhang, Lixin Bai, Zheng Yi, Yuansen Xie, Jian Jiang, Maowen Xu, Yuruo Qi","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501344","url":null,"abstract":"Developing a carbon anode with high performance but low cost is one most pivotal challenges for the commercialization of sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Therefore, an sulfur-mediated solid-state approach is proposed to form 3D crosslinked polymer networks in a pitch precursor and then achieve elaborate microstructures for effective sodium storage. Sulfur-linked structures interfere with the stacking regularity of carbon layers, thereby eliminating the graphitic transformation of pitch at high treatment temperatures, expanding interlayer distances, and promoting the development of closed pores. Consequently, sodium storage capacity in such carbon material is impressively augmented from 109 to 315 mA h g-1, with a plateau contribution exceeding 81.3% at low voltages, which can improve energy density of SIBs. Compared to prior Oxygen-related methodologies, this sulfur-mediated technique not only offers a more scalable strategy but also achieves superior plateau performance at lower carbonization temperatures (≈1300 °C), far below the conventional threshold of 1500 °C. Additionally, comprehensive testing demonstrates that sodium storage operates via an \"adsorption-intercalation-pore filling\" mechanism, with closed nanopores playing a crucial role in enabling efficient Na storage through pore filling in the low voltage region. This work also presents a scalable strategy for the development of high-performance carbon anode materials from low-cost pitch.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01344"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser-Assisted Mo₂C-Derived Patterned Oxide for Highly Selective Room Temperature Ammonia Sensor for Food Spoilage Monitoring. 用于食品变质监测的高选择性室温氨传感器的激光辅助mo2c衍生图案氧化物。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501246

Radha Bhardwaj, Sujit Deshmukh, Martin Pumera

{"title":"Laser-Assisted Mo2C-Derived Patterned Oxide for Highly Selective Room Temperature Ammonia Sensor for Food Spoilage Monitoring.","authors":"Radha Bhardwaj, Sujit Deshmukh, Martin Pumera","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501246","url":null,"abstract":"The need for advanced gas sensors has risen for the detection of hazardous gases, breath analysis, and food industry applications. Transition metal carbides (TMCs), like Mo2C, are novel gas-sensing materials attributed to high electronic conductivity and superior catalytic properties. Poor sensitivity and selectivity are big concerns in TMC-based sensors due to their low specific surface area and fewer reactive sites. Partial oxidation of Mo2C offers the tuning of structural, chemical, and electronic properties. However, conventional techniques, annealing, and solution processing offer uncontrolled oxidation and lead to structural degradation. Herein, by using a temporally and spatially controlled picosecond (ps) pulsed laser, micropatterned Mo2C-derived oxide (MoO3) is developed at room temperature for highly efficient ammonia (NH3) sensing. The uniformly decorated MoO3 nanoclusters over Mo2C function as active centers for better NH3 interaction and formation of discrete Schottky barriers (SBs) between materials, tuning the charge carrier transportation. The MoO3/Mo2C sensor exhibited excellent selectivity toward NH3 over other interfering gases like hydrogen, ethanol, and acetone. This sensor showed excellent sensitivity (351%/100 parts per billion (ppb) NH3) and long-term stability. The Mo2C laser-treated sensor has been successfully tested for monitoring food spoilage. Laser-assisted engineering will provide a new avenue for designing highly efficient gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01246"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Engineering for Immune Cell Targeting and Immune Modulation. mrna -脂质纳米粒工程在免疫细胞靶向和免疫调节中的研究进展。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501401

Cheesue Kim, Yeji Lee, Hyukjin Lee, Byung-Soo Kim

{"title":"Advances in mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle Engineering for Immune Cell Targeting and Immune Modulation.","authors":"Cheesue Kim, Yeji Lee, Hyukjin Lee, Byung-Soo Kim","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501401","url":null,"abstract":"Immunotherapy has transformed therapeutic paradigms, especially in oncology, by leveraging antibodies, cytokines, and cell-based strategies. In recent years, immunotherapy has expanded its impact to combat a broad spectrum of diseases, including fibrotic, autoimmune, and infectious disorders. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based platforms offer distinct advantages for immunotherapy by enabling in vivo synthesis of proteins with native post-translational modifications to enhance bioactivity and reduce immunogenicity. mRNA also allows non-viral, transient reprogramming of immune cells in vivo, supporting scalable manufacturing and eliminating the risk of insertional mutagenesis. However, naked mRNA faces clinical limitations including inherent instability, poor cellular uptake, and non-targeted delivery. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can overcome these challenges by encapsulating mRNA for protected and efficient delivery to target cells. Importantly, recent advances have demonstrated the potential of mRNA-LNPs to modulate immune cell function with cell-type specificity, enhancing therapeutic precision. This review highlights progress in engineering mRNA-LNPs for targeted immune cell delivery, strategies for immune cell-specific modulation, and applications across immune-related pathologies. Design considerations to improve delivery efficiency and immunological outcomes are also discussed, supporting the clinical translation of mRNA-LNP immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01401"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Iron-Sulfur Bond on Tailoring the Electron Structure in Dual-Atomic Iron Sites for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction. 铁硫键对双原子铁位电子结构裁剪的影响。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501359

Lingmin Wu, Chunfeng Shao, Liming Wang, Baitao Li

{"title":"Effect of Iron-Sulfur Bond on Tailoring the Electron Structure in Dual-Atomic Iron Sites for Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction.","authors":"Lingmin Wu, Chunfeng Shao, Liming Wang, Baitao Li","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501359","url":null,"abstract":"In oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), increasing metal loading in dual-atomic catalyst easily leads to metal aggregation, resulting in the formation of clusters or nanoparticles. Herein, a new approach involving sulfur incorporation is developed to preserve the dual-atomic structure and regulate the electrons of Fe2-NC dual atomic catalyst, without resorting to simply increasing metal loading. The optimized Fe2-S/NC-6 catalyst with Fe─S bond demonstrated exceptional ORR activity in pH-universal electrolytes, boosting the most positive E1/2 values (0.902 V in alkaline, 0.689 V in neutral and 0.781 V in acidic solution). Theoretical study revealed that Fe2-S/NC catalyst with Fe─S bond and Fe2-NC/S catalyst with thiophene-like sulfur both can decrease the d-band center of Fe sites compared to Fe2-NC without sulfur, and weaken the adsorption with OH* intermediate. In the case of Fe─S bond, this decline is more notable. The predicted ORR performance ranked in the sequence of Fe2-S/NC > Fe2-NC/S > Fe2-NC. The Fe2-S/NC-6-based Zn-Air battery (ZAB) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) exhibited remarkable power density (317.1 mW cm-2 for ZAB, 2074 ± 66 mW m-2 for MFC) with prominent stability. This work innovatively highlighted the role of Fe─S bond in regulating the electron structure of dual-atomic Fe2-NC catalyst aiming to the excellent ORR performance.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01359"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Halide Homogenization in Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells: A Perspective. 宽禁带钙钛矿太阳能电池卤化物均匀化研究进展。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501568

Yue Yu, Yuzhen Duan, Xinxing Liu, Dongmei He, Jianhong Yi, Jiangzhao Chen

引用次数: 0

Swelling-Driven Ultrafast Soft Lithography. 膨胀驱动超快软光刻。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500681

Yukyeong Choi, Hee Jung Park, Byoung Hoon Lee

{"title":"Swelling-Driven Ultrafast Soft Lithography.","authors":"Yukyeong Choi, Hee Jung Park, Byoung Hoon Lee","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500681","url":null,"abstract":"Soft lithography using polymeric molds is a cost-effective and scalable technique but is often limited by long processing times, high temperatures, and production costs. Here, stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds replicated from compact discs (C-PDMS molds) are introduced for ultrafast, high-resolution patterning on flat, curved surfaces. Unlike rigid polyurethane acrylate (C-PUA) molds, C-PDMS enables rapid patterning within ≈10 s via solvent-induced swelling-the fastest patterning reported. Despite the swelling of C-PDMS molds, an optimized solubility parameter of the processing solvent ensures precise pattern fidelity. Additionally, C-PDMS molds conform to uneven surfaces, overcoming the limitations of rigid C-PUA molds. Their stretchability further enables shape-deformable patterning, allowing controlled feature dimensions and geometries tuning. This capability facilitates the fabrication of polymeric and metallic structures with submicron (≈500 nm) electrode gaps and optically transparent metal patterns. Moreover, overlapped metal structures, such as metal grids and metal island arrays, can be fabricated without needing multiple expensive master molds, substantially reducing fabrication complexity and cost. These findings establish C-PDMS-based ultrafast and conformal soft lithography as a versatile platform for advanced microfabrication.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e00681"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0