{"title":"Dopant-induced Morphology of Organic Semiconductors Resulting in High Doping Performance.","authors":"Jing Guo, Ping-An Chen, Shuzhang Yang, Huan Wei, Yu Liu, Jiangnan Xia, Chen Chen, Huajie Chen, Suhao Wang, Wenwu Li, Yuanyuan Hu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Doping plays a crucial role in modulating and enhancing the performance of organic semiconductor (OSC) devices. In this study, the critical role of dopants is underscored in shaping the morphology and structure of OSC films, which in turn profoundly influences their properties. Two dopants, trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) (TrTPFB) and N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (DMA-TPFB), are examined for their doping effects on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PBBT-2T host OSCs. It is found that although TrTPFB exhibits higher doping efficiency, OSCs doped with DMA-TPFB achieve comparable or even enhanced electrical conductivity. Indeed, the electrical conductivity of DMA-TPFB-doped P3HT reaches over 67 S cm<sup>-1</sup>, which is a record-high value for mixed-solution-doped P3HT. This can be attributed to DMA-TPFB inducing a higher degree of crystallinity and reduced structural disorder. Moreover, the beneficial impact of DMA-TPFB on the OSC films' morphology and structure results in superior thermoelectric performance in the doped OSCs. These findings highlight the significance of dopant-induced morphological and structural considerations in enhancing the film characteristics of OSCs, opening up a new avenue for optimization of dopant performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400084"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400859
Ziyuan Chai, Ziyi Teng, Pu Guo, Yueran He, Di Zhao, Xiaobiao Zuo, Kesong Liu, Lei Jiang, Liping Heng
{"title":"A Photoelectric Synergistic Flexible Solid Slippery Surface for All-Day Anti-Icing/Frosting.","authors":"Ziyuan Chai, Ziyi Teng, Pu Guo, Yueran He, Di Zhao, Xiaobiao Zuo, Kesong Liu, Lei Jiang, Liping Heng","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The accumulation of ice on surface has caused great harm to lots of fields such as transportation or aerospace. Nowadays, various equipment or tools used in low-temperature environments, which face the risk of interface icing, usually have irregular shapes. Traditional rigid anti-icing materials are difficult to meet practical application requirements. Thus, it is crucial to develop flexible anti-icing materials that can be applied to various shape surfaces (curved surfaces, flat surfaces). In this paper, a photoelectric synergistic flexible solid slippery surface (FSSS) is prepared by using flexible basalt fiberglass cloth, flexible copper foil, flexible polyurethane/carbon nanotubes mixture, and flexible solid lubricant (the mixture of coconut wax and coconut oil). Even under harsh conditions of the temperature as low as -80 °C, the FSSS exhibits excellent all-day anti/de-icing performance whether on flat or curved surface. Moreover, the FSSS shows long-term stability both on flat and curved surface: situated in air for 60 days, submerged in water for 60 days, kept in acid environment (pH 1) and base environment (pH 13) for 30 days. Besides, the FSSS can also achieve self-healing function under -80 °C. This flexible surface provides a novel approach for de-icing/frosting of multi-shaped objects in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400859"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacteria/Nanozyme Composites: New Therapeutics for Disease Treatment.","authors":"Qirui Wang, Lulu Jin, Huang Yang, Lisha Yu, Xinran Cao, Zhengwei Mao","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400610","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial therapy is recognized as a cost-effective treatment for several diseases. However, its development is hindered by limited functionality, weak inherent therapeutic effects, and vulnerability to harsh microenvironmental conditions, leading to suboptimal treatment activity. Enhancing bacterial activity and therapeutic outcomes emerges as a pivotal challenge. Nanozymes have garnered significant attention due to their enzyme-mimic activities and high stability. They enable bacteria to mimic the functions of gene-edited bacteria expressing the same functional enzymes, thereby improving bacterial activity and therapeutic efficacy. This review delineates the therapeutic mechanisms of bacteria and nanozymes, followed by a summary of strategies for preparing bacteria/nanozyme composites. Additionally, the synergistic effects of such composites in biomedical applications such as gastrointestinal diseases and tumors are highlighted. Finally, the challenges of bacteria/nanozyme composites are discussed and propose potential solutions. This study aims to provide valuable insights to offer theoretical guidance for the advancement of nanomaterial-assisted bacterial therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400610"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141454296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400642
Honglun Wu, Tianzhuo Wen, Long Chen, Yan Ding, Xiangjun Pu, Yuliang Cao, Zhongxue Chen
{"title":"Understanding the Role of Mn Substitution for Boosting High-Voltage Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> Cathode in Sodium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Honglun Wu, Tianzhuo Wen, Long Chen, Yan Ding, Xiangjun Pu, Yuliang Cao, Zhongxue Chen","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400642","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> is regarded as the most promising polyanionic cathode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its superior structural stability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benignity. However, the low operating voltage inevitably weakens its competitiveness in energy density. Previous works have tried to enhance its operating voltage by Mn doping, which draws on the design idea of LiFe<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> cathode for lithium-ion batteries, but with little success. In this context, uncovering the role of Mn substitution in Na<sub>4</sub>Fe<sub>3-x</sub>Mn<sub>x</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (NFM<sub>x</sub>PP) cathode is urgently needed. This work discloses the effect of Mn contents on the structure, sodium storage property, and reaction mechanism of NFM<sub>x</sub>PP cathode for the first time. Introducing a moderate amount of Mn (0.6 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) into NFM<sub>x</sub>PP can weaken the Fe-O bonding interaction, thus leading to the full utilization of Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup> redox couple. As the representative, NFM<sub>1.2</sub>PP cathode exhibited a high operating voltage of ≈3.3 V with a reversible capacity of 109.2 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>. Note that a Hard carbon||NFM<sub>1.2</sub>PP full battery manifests considerably high-capacity retention of 92.3% over 1600 cycles. It is believed that an understanding of the role of Mn substitution in this work will promote the practical application of high voltage NFM<sub>x</sub>PP cathodes for SIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400642"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400839
Huihuang Ou, Bingying Pei, Yifan Zhou, Mei Yang, Junan Pan, Shuquan Liang, Xinxin Cao
{"title":"From Natural Fibers to High-Performance Anodes: Sisal Hemp Derived Hard Carbon for Na-/K-Ion Batteries and Mechanism Exploration.","authors":"Huihuang Ou, Bingying Pei, Yifan Zhou, Mei Yang, Junan Pan, Shuquan Liang, Xinxin Cao","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400839","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material in alkali metal ion batteries owing to its cost-effectiveness, abundant sources, and low working voltage. However, challenges persist in achiving prolonged cycling stability and consistent capacity, and the sodium storage mechanism in HC is still debated. Herein, an unreported biomass precursor, \"sisal,\" for deriving hard carbon is developed. A series of sisal hemp-derived hard carbon with natural 3D porous channels are prepared. Through phase characterization and electrochemical testing, the relationship between microstructure and sodium storage capacity is elucidated, further confirming the suitability of the \"adsorption-insertion-filling\" mechanism for sodium storage properties in hard carbon materials. Without the need for any additional modification strategies, this biomass-derived hard carbon demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance in both sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries (SIBs and PIBs). The as-prepared HC-1300 demonstrates excellent ion storage capability, delivering a high reversible capacity of 345.2 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> in SIBs and 310 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> in PIBs at 0.1 C. Moreover, it maintains a specific capacity of 237.3 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> over 1200 cycles at 1 C when used in SIBs. The excellent cycling stability and superior rate performance are also presented in full cells, highlighting its potential for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400839"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142015887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400495
Max K Steinbach, Jan Leipert, Theo Matzanke, Andreas Tholey
{"title":"Digital Microfluidics for Sample Preparation in Low-Input Proteomics.","authors":"Max K Steinbach, Jan Leipert, Theo Matzanke, Andreas Tholey","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400495","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-input proteomics, also referred to as micro- or nanoproteomics, has become increasingly popular as it allows one to elucidate molecular processes in rare biological materials. A major prerequisite for the analytics of minute protein amounts, e.g., derived from low cell numbers, down to single cells, is the availability of efficient sample preparation methods. Digital microfluidics (DMF), a technology allowing the handling and manipulation of low liquid volumes, has recently been shown to be a powerful and versatile tool to address the challenges in low-input proteomics. Here, an overview is provided on recent advances in proteomics sample preparation using DMF. In particular, the capability of DMF to isolate proteomes from cells and small model organisms, and to perform all necessary chemical sample preparation steps, such as protein denaturation and proteolytic digestion on-chip, are highlighted. Additionally, major prerequisites to making these steps compatible with follow-up analytical methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400495"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142102742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-08-04DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400729
Huiyou Shen, Jing Jiang, Min Zhang, Zhen Lu, Jiuhui Han
{"title":"Homologous Temperature Regulated Hierarchical Nanoporous Structures by Dealloying.","authors":"Huiyou Shen, Jing Jiang, Min Zhang, Zhen Lu, Jiuhui Han","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400729","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoporous metals, fabricated via dealloying, offer versatile applications but are typically limited to unimodal porous structures, which hinders the integration of conflicting pore-size-dependent properties. A strategy is presented that exploits the homologous temperature (T<sub>H</sub>)-dependent scaling of feature sizes to generate hierarchical porous structures through multistep dealloying at varied T<sub>H</sub> levels, adjusted by altering dealloying temperatures or the material melting points. This technique facilitates the creation of monolithic architectures of bimodal porous nickel and trimodal porous carbon, each characterized by well-defined, self-similar bicontinuous porosities across distinct length scales. These materials merge extensive surface area with efficient mass transport, showing improved current delivery and rate capabilities as electrodes in electrocatalytic hydrogen production and electrochemical supercapacitors. These results highlight T<sub>H</sub> as a unifying parameter for precisely tailoring feature sizes of dealloyed nanoporous materials, opening avenues for developing materials with hierarchical structures that enable novel functionalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400729"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141887739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Li-Sb Alloy Formation Strategy to Improve Interfacial Stability of All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.","authors":"Berhanu Degagsa Dandena, Wei-Nien Su, Dah-Shyang Tsai, Yosef Nikodimos, Bereket Woldegbreal Taklu, Hailemariam Kassa Bezabh, Gidey Bahre Desta, Sheng-Chiang Yang, Keseven Lakshmanan, Hwo-Shuenn Sheu, Chia-Hsin Wang, She-Huang Wu, Bing Joe Hwang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400571","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The solid electrolyte is anticipated to prevent lithium dendrite formation. However, preventing interface reactions and the development of undesirable lithium metal deposition during cycling are difficult and remain unresolved. Here, to comprehend these occurrences better, this study reports an alloy formation strategy for enhanced interface stability by incorporating antimony (Sb) in the lithium argyrodite solid electrolyte Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl (LPSC-P) to form Li-Sb alloy. The Li-Sb alloy emergence at the anodic interface is crucial in facilitating uniform lithium deposition, resulting in excellent long-term stability, and achieving the highest critical current density of 14.5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> (among the reported sulfide solid electrolytes) without lithium dendrite penetration. Furthermore, Li-Sb alloy formation maintain interfacial contact, even, after several plating and stripping. The Li-Sb alloy formation is confirmed by XRD, Raman, and XPS. The work demonstrates the prospect of utilizing alloy-forming electrolytes for advanced solid-state batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400571"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lanthanide-Sensitized Upconversion Iridium Complex via Triplet Energy Transfer.","authors":"Kui Xu, Lifeng Zheng, Song-Song Bao, Jing Ma, Xiaoji Xie, Li-Min Zheng","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400671","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complexes demonstrate impressive capabilities across a range of fields, including biology and photocatalysis, due to their tunable optical characteristics and structure flexibility. However, generating upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes under near-infrared light excitation is challenging. Herein, by employing lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as the sensitizer, a new strategy is demonstrated to gain upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes via triplet energy transfer. This design relies on a rationally designed hybrid of core-shell structured NaYbF<sub>4</sub>:Tb@NaTbF<sub>4</sub> UCNPs and new Ir phosphonate complexes, in which UCNPs can migrate upconverted energy to the surface of nanoparticles through Tb<sup>3+</sup>-mediated energy migration and then sensitize the upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes upon 980 nm excitation. Both experimental and theoretical investigations highlight the significance of triplet energy transfer from excited Tb<sup>3+</sup> ions to the triplet state of Ir complexes in the sensitization of upconversion luminescence of Ir complexes. These findings may open exciting avenues for fabricating hybrid Ir materials with new functions and driving the development of UCNP-based nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400671"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141157197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-01DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400094
Thi Thuy Huong Nguyen, Hoang Khang Bui, Ju Yeon Im, Tae Seok Seo
{"title":"Cognitively Driven Autonomous Flow Chemistry for Producing On-Demand Perovskite Quantum Dots Via Advanced Closed-Loop Feedback Control.","authors":"Thi Thuy Huong Nguyen, Hoang Khang Bui, Ju Yeon Im, Tae Seok Seo","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in the synthesis of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (HP-QDs) through compositional adjustments have highlighted their potential applications in the fields of photovoltaics and light sources due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, traditional methods to fine-tune their composition involve repetitive, labor-intensive, and costly processes. Herein, the utilization of a continuous flow chemistry approach is developed, in combination with a Proportional-Integral (PI) feedback control system as an effective method for producing on-demand methylammonium lead bromoiodide (MAPbBr<sub>x</sub>I<sub>3-x</sub>) HP-QDs. The PI feedback control allows for real-time optimization of the flow rates of halide precursor solutions (halide PSs), enabling the precise tuning of the emission wavelength of HP-QDs. HP-QDs having an emission wavelength of 550 and 650 nm are synthesized through a blue-shifted and red-shifted algorithm, respectively, from any arbitrary reaction condition within 400 s. The iterative process through the PI feedback control produces the target HP-QDs with short rise time and low overshoot. The proposed automatic flow chemistry system integrated with a universal and accessible control algorithm of PI can generate the target HP-QDs with high accuracy, stability, and robustness, demonstrating a significant advancement in constructing an autonomous flow chemistry synthetic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400094"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139994840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}