Small Methods最新文献_第9页

Composite Gel Electrolytes with Ion-Mediated Compatibilization and Matrix-Assisted Conduction for Wide-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries. 具有离子介导相容和基质辅助传导的复合凝胶电解质用于宽温锂金属电池。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501229

Bingxin Qi, Chi Wang, Hanpei Liu, Xiaoyue Li, Wen Yan, Chao Lai

{"title":"Composite Gel Electrolytes with Ion-Mediated Compatibilization and Matrix-Assisted Conduction for Wide-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries.","authors":"Bingxin Qi, Chi Wang, Hanpei Liu, Xiaoyue Li, Wen Yan, Chao Lai","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501229","url":null,"abstract":"Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with solvent-in-polymer structure typically encounter a trade-off between ionic conductivity and mechanical properties. This challenge has not been adequately addressed by conventional single-material, miscible polymers, or polymer/ceramic composite electrolytes. Herein, the phase consistency of composite GPE matrix, which contains polymer blends of \"soft\" poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVHF) and \"hard\" polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), is enhanced by ion-mediated compatibilization through the incorporation of lithium sulfonate groups. In addition, the electrolyte's ionic environment is optimized by the pendent lithium sulfonate positioned at the interface between polymer-rich and solvent-rich domains, thus achieving high ionic conductivity of 1.87 mS cm-1 at 20 °C and 1.28 mS cm-1 at -20 °C via the matrix-assisted conduction. As a consequence, the composite gel electrolyte confers the Li||LiFePO4 battery with high discharge capacity of 157.0 mAh g-1 at 1 C and capacity retention of 90.7% after 1500 cycles, and superior electrochemical performance under harsh conditions, including high rate of 5 C (96.0% capacity retention after 1000 cycles), extreme temperatures from -20 °C to 80 °C, and in conjunction with 30-µm lithium metal anode. This work advances the development of high-performance gel polymer electrolytes through innovative nanostructure and molecule design.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01229"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Performance Monometallic Platinum Fuel Cell Catalyst Derived from Self-Hole-Confined Nanoparticles and Nitrogen-Anchored Single-Atoms. 高性能单金属铂燃料电池催化剂源自自孔限制纳米颗粒和氮锚定单原子。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500853

Wei Li, Yunyan Li, Qi Xiong, Dan Song, Chungang Min, Hao Li, Feng Tan, Feng Liu, Xikun Yang

{"title":"High Performance Monometallic Platinum Fuel Cell Catalyst Derived from Self-Hole-Confined Nanoparticles and Nitrogen-Anchored Single-Atoms.","authors":"Wei Li, Yunyan Li, Qi Xiong, Dan Song, Chungang Min, Hao Li, Feng Tan, Feng Liu, Xikun Yang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500853","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum and non-precious metal (PtM) alloy multimetallic catalysts have been developed to address the kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurring at the cathodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, these catalysts inevitably suffer from poor lot-to-lot consistency of chemical compositions and structures during production, and the transition metal leaching in practical applications. Thus, the development of high-performance monometallic Pt catalysts using innovative nanoarchitectures has become important to address the technical challenges that hinder the widespread deployment of the PEMFCs. Here, a monometallic Pt catalyst is developed, which composes of self-hole-confined Pt nanoparticles and nitrogen-anchored Pt single-atoms. The monometallic Pt catalyst exhibits high ORR activity and durability, which is comparable to that of state-of-the-art multimetallic PtM alloy catalysts. A membrane electrode assembly utilizing the monometallic Pt catalyst as a cathode demonstrated a mass activity of 0.87 A mgPt -1 @ 0.9 ViR-free. After undergoing 30000 square-wave cycles, the assembly exhibited a 23% decline in mass activity and a potential drop of 16 mV at 0.8 A cm-2. The results of this study would lead to a critical breakthrough in the performance of monometallic Pt catalysts utilized in PEMFCs.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e00853"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics: Revealing Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity to Advance Cancer Immunotherapy. 空间解析转录组学：揭示肿瘤微环境异质性以促进癌症免疫治疗。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500770

Dan Liu, Lu Xiao, Yuyuan Wu, Chensirong Yue, Mengmeng Li, Yuanpei Sun, Chaoyong Yang

{"title":"Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics: Revealing Tumor Microenvironment Heterogeneity to Advance Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Dan Liu, Lu Xiao, Yuyuan Wu, Chensirong Yue, Mengmeng Li, Yuanpei Sun, Chaoyong Yang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500770","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of numerous approved immunotherapies for various cancers, durable progression-free survival remains relatively uncommon among patients with advanced cancer. As research into immunotherapy intensifies, the heterogeneity and complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as critical determinants of treatment response and a major obstacle to understanding tumor resistance mechanisms. Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) enable transcriptome-wide measurement of gene expression while preserving essential spatial information, which supports the characterization of the features of the TME. This review outlines key challenges in cancer immunotherapy and emphasizes the importance of the TME in determining therapeutic efficacy. SRT strategies suitable is systematically introduced for TME profiling, comparing their relative advantages and limitations. Additionally, bioinformatics tools and methods used to reconstruct spatial tissue patterns are discussed from SRT data. Furthermore, how SRT is explored can enhance the understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of the TME, facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and advance biomarker discovery to refine personalized treatment strategies for diverse cancer patients. Finally, future perspectives on the application of SRT in cancer immunotherapy and addressing the associated challenges are provided.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e00770"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling Origins of Mixed Quantum-Well Width Distributions in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites via Machine Learning-Enabled Multiscale Simulations 通过机器学习支持的多尺度模拟揭示二维Ruddlesden-Popper钙钛矿中混合量子阱宽度分布的起源。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202500961

Svetozar Najman, Po-Yu Yang, Yi-Xian Yang, Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen, Chun-Wei Pao, Chien-Cheng Chang

{"title":"Unveiling Origins of Mixed Quantum-Well Width Distributions in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites via Machine Learning-Enabled Multiscale Simulations","authors":"Svetozar Najman, Po-Yu Yang, Yi-Xian Yang, Hsin-Yi Tiffany Chen, Chun-Wei Pao, Chien-Cheng Chang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500961","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202500961","url":null,"abstract":"2D lead-halide perovskites have garnered considerable attention owing to their superior environmental stability and tunable optoelectronic properties, which can be precisely controlled through varying quantum well (QW) width (denoted by the integer n). However, the commonly observed phenomenon of mixed QW width distributions poses a major obstacle to achieving optimal device performance, necessitating an in-depth understanding of how QW width distributions depend on chemical composition and thermodynamic stability. In this work, a robust machine learning (ML)-based energy model is developed, rigorously benchmarked against first-principles calculations, enabling extensive molecular-level simulations of 2D perovskites with butylammonium (BA) and phenethylammonium (PEA) spacer cations. Through hybrid Monte Carlo simulations capable of modeling significantly larger systems than first-principles methods, a universal and rapid evolution is demonstrated from initially homogeneous single-phase QW structures toward energetically favored mixed-phase distributions. Remarkably, the formation of these mixed phases arises primarily due to the enhanced thermodynamic stability of low-n layers, driven by the strong affinity of self-assembled spacer cations to the inorganic <math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>PbI</mi>\u0000 <mn>6</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>$rm {PbI_6}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> framework compared with methylammonium cations. These findings highlight how ML-powered multiscale modeling provides unprecedented insights into complex 2D perovskite microstructures, thus offering valuable guidelines for the rational design and molecular engineering of next-generation perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144999309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sodium Alginate Launches MOF Defective Structures to Rapidly Construct Highly AChE-Like Nanozyme for Neuroprotection. 海藻酸钠启动MOF缺陷结构快速构建高疼痛样纳米酶用于神经保护。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501470

Xiang-Lei Chang, Yi Dan Zheng, Nan Wang, Xin-Ru Zhang, Yin Qiang, Wei-Feng Wang, Jun-Li Yang

{"title":"Sodium Alginate Launches MOF Defective Structures to Rapidly Construct Highly AChE-Like Nanozyme for Neuroprotection.","authors":"Xiang-Lei Chang, Yi Dan Zheng, Nan Wang, Xin-Ru Zhang, Yin Qiang, Wei-Feng Wang, Jun-Li Yang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501470","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents cause neurotoxicity through irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), while conventional therapeutic strategies are inadequate to fully restore cholinergic function. Artificial enzymes with AChE-like activity are urgently needed to provide sustainable catalytic capacity to address this limitation. Guided by the acid-base synergistic catalytic mechanism of the ester hydrolysis reaction, the 29-ZIF-8/SA composite with excellent AChE-like activity is successfully constructed by a defect engineering strategy with sodium alginate (SA) as a modulator. The mechanistic studies demonstrate that the basic site -OH groups introduced by SA, combined with the Lewis acid sites Zn2+ of ZIF-8, acted synergistically to form a bifunctional catalytic active site that enhances hydrolytic activity. Meanwhile, SA mediates the rapid formation of mesoporous architectures, improving substrate accessibility and mass transfer efficiency. In addition, 29-ZIF-8/SA demonstrates excellent environmental stability under harsh conditions and resists the inhibitory effect of methyl parathion (MP) on AChE activity. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that the 29-ZIF-8/SA composite exhibits cytoprotective properties to effectively attenuate MP-induced neurotoxicity. This work not only presents a designable method for the construction of highly active hydrolases, which are rarely reported, but also offers a new approach for nanozymes-based treatment of acute OP poisoning.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01470"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raman of 2D-MoS₂: Disentangling the Metallic Phase Conundrum. 2D-MoS2的拉曼：解开金属相难题。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501129

Alaeddin Maddouri, José Ramón Durán-Retamal, Sergio Humberto Domingues, David Llorens Rauret, Alba Garzón-Manjón, Jordi Arbiol, Ouassim Ghodbane, Fathi Touati, Rosa M González-Gil, Leandro N Bengoa, Salah Kouass, Pedro Gómez-Romero

{"title":"Raman of 2D-MoS2: Disentangling the Metallic Phase Conundrum.","authors":"Alaeddin Maddouri, José Ramón Durán-Retamal, Sergio Humberto Domingues, David Llorens Rauret, Alba Garzón-Manjón, Jordi Arbiol, Ouassim Ghodbane, Fathi Touati, Rosa M González-Gil, Leandro N Bengoa, Salah Kouass, Pedro Gómez-Romero","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202501129","url":null,"abstract":"2D Molybdenum disulfide (2D-MoS2) is thermodynamically stable and hence easily synthesized in its semiconducting 2H phase. In contrast, the metallic-phase 1T-MoS2 is a highly sensitive, metastable, and complex phase that is not naturally occurring. This heightened sensitivity and instability have resulted in a widespread misrepresentation in academic literature. Based on the current understanding, the majority of Raman investigations incorrectly identify the spectrum of MoO3 as 1T-MoS2 due to the samples oxidation when exposed to intense laser irradiation in the presence of air, as commonly performed. Therefore, this work focuses on conducting a comprehensive Raman analysis of 1T-MoS2 by investigating the impact of oxidizing atmosphere, laser power, irradiation time, and temperature changes on the sample. Controlling the Raman conditions has allowed to introduce a novel spectrum that signifies a new phase triggered by laser heating. This has led to further confusion in the identification of the metallic MoS2 polymorphs. This study seeks to expose the current challenges in characterizing the metallic phase of MoS2, especially when using Raman spectroscopy, which, till now, is considered the most reliable technique for this purpose. These results provide guidance to the next experimental Raman studies and possible practical applications for materials engineering.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01129"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing Functionalized Thioalkylated-Cyclopentadithiophene Monolayers on NiOx for Two-Step Fabricated Tin Perovskite Solar Cells. 利用功能化硫代烷基化环戊二噻吩单层膜制备两步法制备锡钙钛矿太阳能电池。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501309

Shakil N Afraj, Yun-Sheng Shih, Che-Hsin Kuo, Chun-Hsiao Kuan, Pei-Yu Huang, Pei-Yun Lee, Arulmozhi Velusamy, Shao-Huan Hong, Cheng-Liang Liu, Xianyuan Jiang, Ming-Chou Chen, Eric Wei-Guang Diau

{"title":"Harnessing Functionalized Thioalkylated-Cyclopentadithiophene Monolayers on NiOx for Two-Step Fabricated Tin Perovskite Solar Cells.","authors":"Shakil N Afraj, Yun-Sheng Shih, Che-Hsin Kuo, Chun-Hsiao Kuan, Pei-Yu Huang, Pei-Yun Lee, Arulmozhi Velusamy, Shao-Huan Hong, Cheng-Liang Liu, Xianyuan Jiang, Ming-Chou Chen, Eric Wei-Guang Diau","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501309","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202501309","url":null,"abstract":"A new series of dithioalkylated-methylidenyl-cyclopentadithiophene (CDTS)-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), including CDTS-MN (1), CDTSb-MN (1b), CDTS-CA (2), and CDTS-PA (3), are developed for tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). Each SAM incorporates sulphur rich center CDTS and is complemented with various anchoring groups, such as methylenemalononitrile, cyanoacrylic acid, and cyano-vinyl-phosphonic acid in driving the formation of well-crystallized and homogeneous perovskite layers using a two-step fabrication process. Nickel Oxide (NiOx) combined with the newly designed CDTS-based SAMs is utilized as the hole transport material (HTM). This configuration yielded an excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.41% for CDTS-MN (1) TPSC device as compared to CDTSb-MN (1b; PCE: 8.03%), CDTS-CA (2; PCE: 4.54%) and CDTS-PA (3; PCE: 5.15%). Notably, single-crystal structures of CDTS-MN (1) and CDTSb-MN (1b) are successfully obtained and systematically presented, demonstrating the uniformity of the CDTS monolayers formed on the ITO/NiOx substrate. The CDTS-based SAM 1 excels in TPSCs by enhancing charge transfer and reducing interface recombination through strong π-π stacking and intermolecular S-S interactions. This report highlights the pioneering use of CDTS-based organic sensitizers in TPSCs, representing the first documented application of CDTS-based SAMs within the solar cell research field.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01309"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Stability and Capacity in Planar Zn-Ion Micro-Batteries via 3D Porous Ni Anode Integration. 三维多孔镍阳极集成提高平面锌离子微电池的稳定性和容量。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501194

Yijia Zhu, Xiaopeng Liu, Nibagani Naresh, Jingli Luo, Xueqing Hu, Sijin Liu, Georgios Nikiforidis, Mingqing Wang, Buddha Deka Boruah

{"title":"Enhancing Stability and Capacity in Planar Zn-Ion Micro-Batteries via 3D Porous Ni Anode Integration.","authors":"Yijia Zhu, Xiaopeng Liu, Nibagani Naresh, Jingli Luo, Xueqing Hu, Sijin Liu, Georgios Nikiforidis, Mingqing Wang, Buddha Deka Boruah","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501194","url":null,"abstract":"The development of planar on-chip micro-batteries with high-capacity electrodes and environmentally friendly and stable architectures is critical for powering the next generation of miniaturized system-on-chip smart devices. However, realizing highly stable micro-batteries remains a major challenge due to complex fabrication processes, electrode degradation during cycling, and the uncontrolled growth of dendrites in metal-based anodes within the confined spaces between electrodes. To address these issues, this study presents an approach that incorporates a 3D porous nickel (Ni) scaffold at the metal anode, offering improved micro-anode stability compared to conventional planar zinc and 3D porous zinc (Zn) scaffolds. Integrated into a planar configuration with a polyaniline (PANI) cathode and a zinc-loaded 3D porous Ni scaffold anode, this design significantly enhances long-term cycling stability, lowers charge transfer resistance, and increases charge storage capacity from 10 to 14 µAh cm-2 at 0.1 mA cm-2 compared to the same materials deposited on traditional planar gold microelectrodes. As a result, the Zn-ion micro-batteries achieve notable peak areal energy and power densities of 17.22 µWh cm-2 and 6.98 mW cm-2, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the electrochemical performance and durability of planar micro-batteries, marking a significant advancement toward the future of portable microelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01194"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intermolecular Electron Transfer: Toward a General Photochemical Engine for Type I Photodynamic Therapy. 分子间电子转移：迈向I型光动力治疗的通用光化学引擎。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501279

Mingxuan Jia, Yonghui Pan, Wenbo Hu

{"title":"Intermolecular Electron Transfer: Toward a General Photochemical Engine for Type I Photodynamic Therapy.","authors":"Mingxuan Jia, Yonghui Pan, Wenbo Hu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202501279","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia is an intrinsic characteristic within tumors or infected tissues, which poses a significant barrier to effective photodynamic therapy (PDT). Type I PDT is a promising complement or alternative to conventional Type II PDT owing to its reduced or absent reliance on molecular oxygen. Type I photosensitizers (PSs) are essential to Type I PDT, which undergoes photoinduced electron transfer with biological substrates to produce cytotoxic radical species (O2 -•, •OH) for the targeted destruction of pathological tissues. However, the limited mechanistic understanding of photoinduced electron transfer makes the rational design of Type I PSs a great challenge. Encouragingly, compelling evidence reveals that intermolecular electron transfer (InterET) is not an obscure mechanism, but rather the predominant photochemical engine driving Type I PDT. This Perspective reviews the evolution and challenges of InterET in Type I PDT, with a particular focus on semiempirical design principles for InterET-based Type I PSs. Finally, it is concluded with an outlook on future opportunities and remaining challenges in the development of next-generation Type I PSs.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01279"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A High-Water-Soluble TEMPO-Based Polymer Catholyte Material Utilizing Polyvinylimidazole Backbone for Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries. 基于聚乙烯咪唑骨架的高水溶性tempo基聚合物阴极材料用于水还原液电池。

IF 9.1 2区材料科学

Small Methods Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202501207

Yanwen Ren, Qianqian Zheng, Cuicui He, Jingjing Nie, Binyang Du

{"title":"A High-Water-Soluble TEMPO-Based Polymer Catholyte Material Utilizing Polyvinylimidazole Backbone for Aqueous Redox-Flow Batteries.","authors":"Yanwen Ren, Qianqian Zheng, Cuicui He, Jingjing Nie, Binyang Du","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202501207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202501207","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage due to their low cost, high safety, and lightweight design. Here, this study designs a polymer material, P-T-N-4, based on a hydrophilic polyvinylimidazole backbone, incorporating 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and quaternary ammonium groups, achieving high-water-solubility (39 Ah L-1 in 1.0 m NaCl aqueous solution (NaClaq)) and low viscosity (6.3 mPa s in 1.0 m NaClaq at 10 Ah L-1). Using P-T-N-4 as the cathode, methyl viologen (MV) as the anode, and 1.0 m NaClaq as the electrolyte, a series of P-T-N-4/MV AORFBs is assembled and performed charge-discharge tests in air atmosphere. The P-T-N-4/MV AORFB at 20 Ah L-1 demonstrates stable cycling for over 400 cycles at 30 mA cm-2, exhibiting an average capacity retention of 99.88% per cycle (99.94% per hour), an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.18% (except the first cycle of 87.36%), and material utilization of 83.1%. Furthermore, the assembled P-T-N-4/MV AORFB achieves stable cycling for over 100 cycles even at a higher concentration of 30 Ah L-1, with a capacity retention rate of 99.96% per cycle during the first 50 cycles.","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e01207"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0