Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401436
Zheng Wei Wong, Siu Yee New
{"title":"Recent Advances in Biosensors Based on Hybridization Chain Reaction and Silver Nanoclusters.","authors":"Zheng Wei Wong, Siu Yee New","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) have emerged as powerful tools in biosensing. HCR enables cascade amplification through programmable DNA interactions, while DNA-AgNCs serve as transducing units with unique fluorogenic and electrochemical properties. Integrating these components into a hybrid sensor could significantly enhance sensing capabilities across various fields. Nonetheless, limited studies and the lack of systematic guidelines for HCR-AgNCs systems have hindered research progress, despite their potential. This review aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of HCR-AgNCs biosensors, facilitating further innovation in this field. The working principles, performance factors, and complementary features are discussed. Thereafter, reported HCR-AgNCs studies are assessed, emphasizing their distinct sensing mechanisms (e.g., fluorogenic, electrochemical), applications across various fields, and challenges in adopting the hybrid sensors. Drawing from the experience developing multiple HCR-AgNCs sensors, insights and guidelines for designing and developing HCR-AgNCs systems are provided for future researchers. Finally, prospective directions in HCR-AgNCs research, including multiplex assays and integration with emerging technologies, are explored to guide future advancements. The synergistic combination of HCR and AgNCs as a hybrid biosensor holds promise for addressing pressing challenges in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and beyond, paving the way for next-generation biosensing technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401436"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework Photocatalysts: Structure, Mechanism and Applications.","authors":"Xiansheng Zhang, Zhifeng Liu, Binbin Shao, Qinghua Liang, Ting Wu, Yuan Pan, Qingyun He, Miao He, Lin Ge, Jian Huang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, porphyrins have been frequently reported as photocatalysts due to their fascinating photochemical properties. However, porphyrins have the same shortcomings as other homogeneous photocatalysts, such as poor stability and difficulty in recovering. To solve this problem, it is a good strategy to form a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (PMOF) by modifying porphyrin functional groups and adding metals as nodes to connect and control the arrangement of porphyrins. The metal nodes control the rigidity and connectivity of the porphyrin modules to order them in the MOF, which improves the stability of the porphyrins, avoids porphyrin aggregation and folding, and increases the active sites for photocatalytic reactions. This review summarized the research progress of PMOF photocatalysts in the last ten years and analyzed the effects of the spatial structure, porphyrin ligands, porphyrin central metals, and metal nodes of PMOF on the photocatalytic performance. The applications of PMOF-based photocatalysts in H<sub>2</sub> production, CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, pollutant degradation, and sterilization are reviewed. In addition, the mechanism of these processes is described in detail. Finally, some suggestions on the development of PMOF photocatalysts are put forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402096"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401971
Xiaoying Han, Juxin Yin, Yu Wang, Jianjian Zhuang, Kai Hu, Yehong Gui, Haohua Mei, Jizhi Tong, Ying Mu
{"title":"An Integrated, Portable, and Automatic Digital Detection System for Hepatitis B Virus Using Hybrid Magnetic System.","authors":"Xiaoying Han, Juxin Yin, Yu Wang, Jianjian Zhuang, Kai Hu, Yehong Gui, Haohua Mei, Jizhi Tong, Ying Mu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid, precise, and automated diagnosis of infectious diseases is crucial for effective disease management and control. Herein, the integrated portable and automatic digital detection system (IPADS), a novel diagnostic platform for nucleic acid detection is introduced. The device employs the hybrid magnetic system (HMS), which uses an electromagnet and a movable permanent magnet to modulate the magnetic field and control bead movement, increasing nucleic acid extraction efficiency to over 80%, while simplifying the traditional labor-intensive process and enabling quick, low-risk sample processing. Additionally, a disposable cartridge is designed for integrated HMS based preprocessing, with detection performed using digital RPA-Cas12a, enabling rapid, enclosed, and automation-friendly detection across a dynamic range spanning five orders of magnitude, with a sensitivity as low as 100 copies mL<sup>-1</sup> in serum samples. An automated platform further optimizes workflow. As a proof of concept, IPADS is applied to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in 20 clinical serum samples, demonstrating high concordance with gold-standard quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. These results validate the potential of IPADS as a reliable point-of-care testing solution.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401971"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401881
Young Min Kim, Keonwook Nam, Hee Yeon Kim, Kyungjik Yang, Byeong-Su Kim, Dan Luo, Young Hoon Roh
{"title":"Multifunctional DNA-Metal Nanohybrids Derived From DNA-MgPPi Microhybrids by Rolling Circle Amplification.","authors":"Young Min Kim, Keonwook Nam, Hee Yeon Kim, Kyungjik Yang, Byeong-Su Kim, Dan Luo, Young Hoon Roh","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rolling circle amplification (RCA)-derived ultra-long DNA is highly attractive and versatile because of its diverse functionalities conferred by repeated DNA nanostructures. However, magnesium pyrophosphate (MgPPi) crystals, as byproducts of RCA, electrostatically interact with the DNA to form DNA microhybrids and hamper its broad bioapplications, as its large size is unfavorable for cellular uptake and decreases the density of functional DNA nanostructures. In this study, finely tuned synthesis strategies are developed to condense the microhybrids and replace non-functional MgPPi crystals with various functional metal nanostructures by reducing metal ions. By applying this condensation and reduction process to DNA templated by microhybrids, the particle size of organic-inorganic DNA-MgPPi microhybrids is gradually reconfigured into DNA-Au nanohybrids (≈15 fold difference). The effects of the ion concentration and metal ion type on the reduction process are systematically explored through morphological, structural, and compositional analyses. Upon formation of the nanohybrids, the preservation of Au nanostructures and polymerized DNA nanostructure-driven functions are evaluated. The nanohybrids demonstrated not only metal nanoparticle-based near-infrared absorbance but also DNA aptamer-mediated targeted intracellular delivery, indicating successful hybridization of functional organic-inorganic molecules. This synthesis method for RCA-originated ultra-long DNA-metal nanohybrids shows potential for a variety of biological applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401881"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid High-Throughput Discovery of Molecules With Antimicrobial Activity From Natural Products Enabled by a Nanoliter Matrix SlipChip.","authors":"Qi Wang, Mengru Wang, Weiyuan Lyu, Xiang Li, Lei Xu, Yuyao Qin, Yan'an Ren, Zixin Deng, Meifeng Tao, Weilie Xiao, Feng Shen","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improper use of antibiotics has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance, or \"superbugs,\" outpacing the discovery of new antibiotics. The lack of rapid, high-throughput screening methods is a major bottleneck in discovery novel antibiotics. Traditional methods consume significant amounts of samples, making it challenging to discover new antibiotics from limited natural product extracts. Here, a rapid, high-throughput screening method is reported for natural products with antimicrobial activity enabled by a nanoliter matrix SlipChip (nm-SlipChip). This nm-SlipChip creates a screening matrix with nanoliter droplets for 100 drug candidate-bacterium combinations. The effectiveness of candidate antibiotics is assessed by analyzing microbial phenotypic changes. This nm-SlipChip reduces sample consumption by over 5000-fold and shortens the detection time to three hours. Twenty compounds isolated from Callicarpa integerrima were tested against 10 pathogenic bacteria and identified two previously unreported clerodane diterpenes with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Molecular docking and fluorescence probe experiments reveals that their antimicrobial effect results from disruption of bacterial cell membranes and biofilms. The nm-SlipChip provides an effective method for discovering new antimicrobial drugs from natural sources, vital in combating antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402045"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401876
Yongwei Zhang, Jaafar Abdul-Aziz Mehrez, Jianhua Yang, Wangze Ni, Chao Fan, Wenjing Quan, Kai Zhang, Tao Wang, Min Zeng, Nantao Hu, Zhi Yang
{"title":"Highly Sensitive Linear Triaxial Force Sensor Based on Multimodal Sensing for 3D Pose Reconstruction.","authors":"Yongwei Zhang, Jaafar Abdul-Aziz Mehrez, Jianhua Yang, Wangze Ni, Chao Fan, Wenjing Quan, Kai Zhang, Tao Wang, Min Zeng, Nantao Hu, Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexible sensing offers real-time force monitoring, presenting a versatile and effective solution for dexterous manipulation, healthcare, environmental exploration, and perception of physical properties. Nonetheless, a limitation of many existing flexible force sensors stems from their isotropic structure or material properties, preventing them from simultaneously detecting both the direction and magnitude of the applied force. Herein, a high-performance 3D force sensor based on orthogonal multimodal sensing, the cancellation principle, and the strain effect is proposed. Finite element analysis further reveals the decoupling and anti-interference mechanisms of the innovative capacitor-resistance dual-mode sensing based on a solid mechanics and electrostatic multiphysics model. The sensor demonstrates the ability to measure both the magnitude and direction of normal and shear forces in any combination using the proposed decoupling and reconstruction algorithms, showing the potential for accurately reconstructing the posture of objects.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401876"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Discriminability of Viral Vectors in Viscous Nanopores.","authors":"Makusu Tsutsui, Yuji Tsunekawa, Mikako Wada, Akihide Arima, Azusa Onodera, Masumi Nishina, Miho Nagoya, Yoshinobu Baba, Tomoji Kawai, Takashi Okada","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving safe and efficient gene therapy hinges upon the inspection of genomes enclosed within individual nano-carriers to mitigate potential health risks associated with empty or fragment-filled vectors. Here solid-state nanopore sensing is reported for identifications of intermediate adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in liquid. The method exploits the phenomenon of translocation slowdown induced by the viscosity of salt water-organic mixtures. This enables real-time ionic current measurements allowing precise tracking of the electroosmotic flow-driven motions of recombinant AAV vectors in a nanopore. The resulting ionic signals facilitate discrimination between replicative intermediates carrying ssDNA fragments and its full vector counterparts based on genome length-derived subtle nanometer differences in the viral diameters. This rapid and non-destructive means of genome analysis within virus capsids provides a promising avenue toward a robust methodology for ensuring the integrity of AAV vectors before administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401321"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Driven Activation of High-Valence States in Prussian Blue Analogues Via Graphene-Quantum Dots and Ozone-Induced Surface Restructuring for Superior Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst.","authors":"Angelina Melanita Tarigan, Mia Rinawati, Sofiannisa Aulia, Ling-Yu Chang, Chia-Yu Chang, Wei-Nien Su, Shu-Chih Haw, Wei-Hsiang Huang, Heru Setyawan, Min-Hsin Yeh","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401708","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemical water splitting is a pivotal process for sustainable hydrogen energy production, relying on efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts, particularly in acidic environments, where both high activity and durability are crucial. Despite the favorable kinetics of platinum (Pt)-based materials, their performance is hindered under harsh conditions, driving the search for alternatives. Due to their unique structural characteristic, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) emerge as attractive candidates for designing efficient HER electrocatalysts. However, modulating their properties and functionalities is crucial to overcome their conductivity issue. Herein, a reconfiguration strategy for the dual-driven surface restructuring of the CoFe PBA involving graphene quantum dots (GQD) and UV/ozone is proposed. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis revealed that dual-driven reconstruction plays a pivotal role in promoting the high-valence metal ions, effectively reducing charge transfer resistance-a key limitation in HER. The optimized CoFe PBA/GQD-UV exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic performance toward HER, with a low overpotential of 77 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> with excellent durability for 12 h under an extremely high current density of 500 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> in an acidic solution. This dual-combination strategy offering a new pathway to develop highly active electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401708"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green and Scalable Preparation of an Isomeric CALF-20 Adsorbent with Tailored Pore Size for Molecular Sieving of Propylene from Propane.","authors":"Zhenning Deng, Longsheng Yang, Hanting Xiong, Junhui Liu, Xing Liu, Zhenyu Zhou, Shixia Chen, Yanan Wang, Hao Wang, Jingwen Chen, Shuguang Deng, Banglin Chen, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400838","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular sieving of propylene (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>) from propane (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>) is highly demanded for C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> purification. However, delicate control over aperture size to achieve both high C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> uptake and C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> selectivity with low cost remains a significant challenge. Herein, a green and scalable approach is reported for preparing an isomeric CALF-20 adsorbent, termed as NCU-20, using water as the only solvent with a cost of $10 per kilogram. NCU-20 features a contracted pore size (4.2 × 4.7 Å<sup>2</sup>) compared to CALF-20 (5.2 × 5.7 Å<sup>2</sup>), which enables molecular sieving of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> (4.16 × 4.65 Å<sup>2</sup>) from C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> (4.20 × 4.80 Å<sup>2</sup>). Notably, NCU-20 exhibits record-high C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> adsorption capacity (94.41 cm<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>) at 298 K and 1.0 bar, outperforming all C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> molecular sieving adsorbents. The sieving performances of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> are well maintained at elevated temperatures. Therefore, a delicate balance between C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> adsorption capacity (91.62 cm<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>) and C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> selectivity (uptake ratio of 22.2) is obtained on NCU-20 at 298 K and 0.5 bar. Furthermore, dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate a high productivity of 65.39 cm<sup>3</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> for high-purity C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub> (>99.5%) from an equimolar C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub> gas-mixture.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400838"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141791524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small MethodsPub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-07-06DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400857
Monize Caiado Decarli, Helena P Ferreira, Rita Sobreiro-Almeida, Filipa C Teixeira, Tiago R Correia, Joanna Babilotte, Jos Olijve, Catarina A Custódio, Inês C Gonçalves, Carlos Mota, João F Mano, Lorenzo Moroni
{"title":"Embedding Bioprinting of Low Viscous, Photopolymerizable Blood-Based Bioinks in a Crystal Self-Healing Transparent Supporting Bath.","authors":"Monize Caiado Decarli, Helena P Ferreira, Rita Sobreiro-Almeida, Filipa C Teixeira, Tiago R Correia, Joanna Babilotte, Jos Olijve, Catarina A Custódio, Inês C Gonçalves, Carlos Mota, João F Mano, Lorenzo Moroni","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400857","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202400857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-based hydrogels have great potential to be used as bioinks for biofabrication-driven tissue regeneration strategies due to their innate bioactivity. Nevertheless, their use as bioinks in conventional 3D bioprinting is impaired due to their intrinsic low viscosity. Using embedding bioprinting, a liquid bioink is printed within a support that physically holds the patterned filament. Inspired by the recognized microencapsulation technique complex coacervation, crystal self-healing embedding bioprinting (CLADDING) is introduced based on a highly transparent crystal supporting bath. The suitability of distinct classes of gelatins is evaluated (i.e., molecular weight distribution, isoelectric point, and ionic content), as well as the formation of gelatin-gum arabic microparticles as a function of pH, temperature, solvent, and mass ratios. Characterizing and controlling this parametric window resulted in high yields of support bath with ideal self-healing properties for interaction with protein-based bioinks. This support bath achieved transparency, which boosted light permeation within the bath. Bioprinted constructs fully composed of platelet lysates encapsulating a co-culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells are obtained, demonstrating a high-dense cellular network with excellent cell viability and stability over a month. CLADDING broadens the spectrum of photocrosslinkable materials with extremely low viscosity that can now be bioprinted with sensitive cells without any additional support.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400857"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}