Small Methods最新文献

{"title":"Electrochemiluminescence Reveals the Structure-Catalytic Activity Relationship of Heteroatom-Doped Carbon-Based Materials.","authors":"Peng Jin, Guoyuan Ren, Nan Gao, Chenglin Qing, Hui Zeng, Xinyue Wang, Meining Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heteroatom doping can change the chemical environment of carbon-based nanomaterials and improve their catalytic performance. Exploring the structure-catalytic activity relationship of heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials is of great significance for studying catalytic mechanisms and designing highly efficient catalysts, but remains a significant challenge. Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has shown great potential for unveiling the mechanism by which heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), owing to the high sensitivity of these materials to the properties of the electrode surface. Herein, two kinds of heteroatom-doped porous carbon (denoted as NP-C and N-C) are synthesized and analyzed by monitoring the cathodic ECL of luminol-H₂O₂ in the low negative-potential region. P, N-doped NP-C exhibits better catalytic ability for activating H₂O₂ to generate large amounts of •OH and O₂ ^•-, compared with N-C. A sensitive antioxidant-mediated ECL platform is successfully developed for detecting the antioxidant levels in cells, exhibiting considerable potential for evaluating the antioxidant capacity. The relationship between the structure and catalytic mechanism of heteroatom-doped carbon-based materials is successfully explored using ECL, where this method can be universally applied to carbon-based materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401496"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epitaxial Thin Film Growth on Recycled SrTiO₃ Substrates Toward Sustainable Processing of Complex Oxides.","authors":"Jianan Shen, Lizabeth Quigley, James P Barnard, Ping Lu, Benson Kunhung Tsai, Dmitry Zemlyanov, Yizhi Zhang, Xuanyu Sheng, Jeremy Gan, Matteo Moceri, Zedong Hu, Jialong Huang, Chao Shen, Julia Deitz, Xinghang Zhang, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complex oxide thin films cover a range of physical properties and multifunctionalities that are critical for logic, memory, and optical devices. Typically, the high-quality epitaxial growth of these complex oxide thin films requires single crystalline oxide substrates such as SrTiO₃ (STO), MgO, LaAlO₃, a-Al₂O_3, and many others. Recent successes in transferring these complex oxides as free-standing films not only offer great opportunities in integrating complex oxides on other devices, but also present enormous opportunities in recycling the deposited substrates after transfer for cost-effective and sustainable processing of complex oxide thin films. In this work, the surface modification effects introduced on the recycled STO are investigated, and their impacts on the microstructure and properties of subsequently grown epitaxial oxide thin films are assessed and compared with those grown on the pristine substrates. Detailed analyses using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and geometric phase analysis demonstrate distinct strain states on the surfaces of the recycled STO versus the pristine substrates, suggesting a pre-strain state in the recycled STO substrates due to the previous deposition layer. These findings offer opportunities in growing highly mismatched oxide films on the recycled STO substrates with enhanced physical properties. Specifically, yttrium iron garnet (Y₃Fe₅O₁₂) films grown on recycled STO present different ferromagnetic responses compared to that on the pristine substrates, underscoring the effects of surface modification. The study demonstrates the feasibility of reuse and redeposition using recycled substrates. Via careful handling and preparation, high-quality epitaxial thin films can be grown on recycled substrates with comparable or even better structural and physical properties toward sustainable process of complex oxide devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401148"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrohydrodynamic Printing Grid-Structured Catalytic Layers with Excellent Bending Resistance for Flexible Al-air Batteries.","authors":"Yuxin Zuo, Ying Yu, Junyan Feng, Chuncheng Zuo, Yong Lv","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202400875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The catalytic film of a flexible Al-air battery is generally a brittle film formed by brushing a slurry onto the surface of carbon cloth. Fatigue bending can easily lead to cracking of the catalytic film and shedding of the active material. This study innovatively proposes a novel grid-structured catalytic layer prepared by electrohydrodynamic printing. Experiments have verified that, compared with traditional catalytic films, the grid-structured catalytic layer exhibits excellent bending resistance. After 10 000 fatigue bending cycles, its relative resistance is ≈1/9 that of the traditional catalytic film. The printed grid-structured catalytic layer is applied to a flexible Al-air battery, which maintains a power density retention rate as high as 92% after the same number of bending cycles. Compared to traditional catalytic films, the electrodynamically printed grid-structured catalytic layer proposed in this study demonstrates both excellent electrochemical performance and bending resistance. This advancement holds significant importance for the development and application of flexible metal-air batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400875"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Plasma-Assisted Growth of 2D Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides and Their Enhanced Photoluminescent Properties.","authors":"Qing Zhu, Enzi Chen, Kezhou Fan, Junhao Tang, Runze Zhan, Kam Sing Wong, Zefeng Chen, Xi Wan, Kun Chen","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Janus transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a novel class of 2D materials with unique mirror asymmetry. Plasma-assisted synthesis at room temperature is favored for producing Janus TMDs due to its energy efficiency and prevention of alloying. However, current methods require stringent control over growth conditions, risking defects or unintended materials. A robust plasma-assisted (RPA) synthesis strategy is introduced, incorporating a built-in tube with a suitable inner diameter into the plasma-assisted system. This innovation creates a mild, uniform plasma atmosphere, allowing for broader variations in growth parameters without significantly affecting Janus MoSSe's morphology and characteristics. This approach simplifies the synthesis process and enhances the success rate of Janus TMD production. Additionally, methods are explored to enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of Janus MoSSe. Releasing MoSSe from the growth substrate and annealing it removes strain and unintentional doping, improving PL performance. MoSSe on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flakes after annealing shows a 32-fold increase in PL intensity. Bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (TFSI) treatment of MoSSe results in a remarkable 70-fold increase in PL intensity, a 2.5-fold extension in exciton lifetime, and quantum yield (QY) reaching up to ≈31.2%. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing the luminescence properties of 2D Janus materials, advancing Janus optoelectronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401310"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling CoIr Nanoalloys with MXene by Lewis Acidic Molten Salt Etching for Wide-pH-Environment Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.","authors":"Qingqu Zhou, Hongyu Zhao, Lin Wang, Zilan Li, Ruidong Li, Linbo Jiang, Lintao Jiang, Jixiang Jiao, Shichun Mu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal/MXene-based materials show broad prospects in energy conversation through the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). However, the difficulty and harshness of synthesis heavily limit their further application. Herein, using Lewis acidic molten salt to etch MAX as a precursor of MXene, a more convenient and safer strategy is designed to in situ construct the MXene-supported CoIr nanoalloy (CoIr/MXene) catalyst through Ti─O─M bond. The special layered structure and oxygen-containing functional group of MXene regulate the SMSI upon CoIr nanoalloys. Moreover, the contact angle and in situ Raman test results exhibit good interface hydrophilicity of MXene, enhancing the water adsorption on interfaces, and accelerating the mass transfer process. As a result, CoIr/MXene shows high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, which only needs overpotentials of 34 and 50 mV to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 in alkaline and acidic media, respectively, with excellent stability. Especially, in alkaline media, CoIr/MXene possesses 6 times higher HER mass activity (4.297 A mg_Ir ^-1) than commercial Pt/C catalysts (0.686 A mg_Pt ^-1) at the potential of 50 mV, indicating larger active site density and intrinsic activity for CoIr/MXene. This work expands the application of the molten salt assist etching strategy and provides new insight for the development of metal/MXene-based catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401449"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Prospect of Stable Polyanion Compound Cathodes in LIBs and Promising Complementers.","authors":"Dongfang Guo, Siyu Chu, Bin Zhang, Zijiong Li","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202400587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cathode materials are usually the key to determining battery capacity, suitable cathode materials are an important prerequisite to meet the needs of large-scale energy storage systems in the future. Polyanionic compounds have significant advantages in metal ion storage, such as high operating voltage, excellent structural stability, safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness, and can be excellent cathode options for rechargeable metal-ion batteries. Although some polyanionic compounds have been commercialized, there are still some shortcomings in electronic conductivity, reversible specific capacity, and rate performance, which obviously limits the development of polyanionic compound cathodes in large-scale energy storage systems. Up to now, many strategies including structural design, ion doping, surface coating, and electrolyte optimization have been explored to improve the above defects. Based on the above contents, this paper briefly reviews the research progress and optimization strategies of typical polyanionic compound cathodes in the fields of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and other promising metal ion batteries (sodium ion batteries (SIBs), potassium ion batteries (PIBs), magnesium ion batteries (MIBs), calcium ion batteries (CIBs), zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), aluminum ion batteries (AIBs), etc.), aiming to provide a valuable reference for accelerating the commercial application of polyanionic compound cathodes in rechargeable battery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400587"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence-Based Organic Afterglow Materials.","authors":"Yuyu Sun, Leiying Wu, Liangliang Zhu, Glib V Baryshnikov, Fan Zhang, Xuping Li","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202400982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-based materials are attracting widespread attention for different applications owing to their ability of harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons without noble metals in their structures. As compared to the conventional fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence pathways, TADF originates from the reverse intersystem crossing process from the excited triplet state (T₁) to the singlet state (S₁). Therefore, TADF emitters enabling activated and long lifetime T₁ excitons are potential candidates for generating long-lived afterglow emission, an effect that can still be observed for a while by the naked eye after the removal of the excitation light source. Recently, TADF-based organic afterglow materials featuring high photoluminescence quantum yields and long lifetimes above 100 ms under ambient conditions, have emerged for advanced information security, high-contrast biological imaging, optoelectronic devices, and intelligent sensors, whereas the related systematic review is still lacking. Herein, the recent progress in TADF-based organic afterglow materials is summarized and an overview of the photophysical mechanism, design strategies, and the performances for relevant applications is given. In addition, the challenge and perspective of this area are given at the end of the review.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400982"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the Spacer Influences the Stability of 2D Perovskites?","authors":"Xinying Gao, Yilei Wu, Yehui Zhang, Xinyu Chen, Zhilong Song, Tingbo Zhang, Qianglong Fang, Qun Ji, Ming-Gang Ju, Jinlan Wang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional lead halide perovskites (2D HPs) represent as an emerging class of materials given their tunable optoelectronic properties and long-term stability in perovskite solar cells. However, the ever-growing field of optoelectronic devices using 2D HPs requires fundamental understanding of the influence of the spacer on the physiochemical properties and stability of perovskites as well as establish which cation properties are closely related to suppress the halogen ion mobility. This study focuses on investigating the influence of organic spacers with intrinsic properties (e.g., rigidity and flexibility, special groups) and variations of material dimensions on the stability of halogen ions and inorganic frameworks in 2D HPs. It is found that the perovskite structure composed of rigidity molecules owns better stability of halogen ion and inorganic framework than that of flexible molecules. The stability of ions exhibits a negative correlation with the dimensions of perovskite. More importantly, a simple descriptor for measuring the stability of halogen ions in 2D HPs is constructed. By causal discovery algorithms with more physical and chemical significance, the Kappa shape index, number of rotatable bonds, and aromatic carbocycles in organic spacers are identified as causal and important features for the stability of halogen ions in 2D HPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401172"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable Copper Sulfide Formulations for Super-Resolution Optoacoustic Brain Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window.","authors":"Lin Tang, Daniil Nozdriukhin, Sandeep Kumar Kalva, Quanyu Zhou, Çağla Özsoy, Shuxin Lyu, Michael Reiss, Anxo Vidal, Ana Torres, Xosé Luís Deán-Ben, Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202400927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202400927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optoacoustic imaging offers label-free multi-parametric characterization of cerebrovascular morphology and hemodynamics at depths and spatiotemporal resolution unattainable with optical microscopy. Effective imaging depth can greatly be enhanced by employing photons in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window. However, diminished absorption by hemoglobin along with a lack of suitable contrast agents hinder an efficient application of the technique in this spectral range. Herein, copper sulfide (CuS) micro- and nano-formulations for multi-scale optoacoustic imaging in the NIR-II window are introduced. Dynamic contrast enhancement induced by intravenously administered CuS nanoparticles facilitated visualization of blood perfusion in murine cerebrovascular networks. The individual calcium carbonate microparticles carrying CuS are further shown to generate sufficient responses to enable super-resolution microvascular imaging and blood flow velocity mapping with localization optoacoustic tomography.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2400927"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Strategy of Symmetry Breaking for Enhancing Energy Conversion and Storage Performance.","authors":"Yongqi Liu, Yixiang Luo, Mengyang Zhang, Anlei Zhang, Longlu Wang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Symmetry breaking has emerged as a novel strategy to enhance energy conversion and storage performance, which refers to changes in the atomic configurations within a material reducing its internal symmetry. According to the location of the symmetry breaking, it can be classified into spontaneous symmetry breaking within the material, local symmetry breaking on the surface of the material, and symmetry breaking caused by external fields outside the material. However, there are currently few summaries in this field, so it is necessary to summarize how symmetry breaking improves energy conversion and storage performance. In this review, the fundamentals of symmetry breaking are first introduced, which allows for a deeper understanding of its meaning. Then the applications of symmetry breaking in energy conversion and storage are systematically summarized, providing various mechanisms in energy conversion and storage, as well as how to improve energy conversion performance and storage efficiency. Last but not least, the current applications of symmetry breaking are summarized and provide an outlook on its future development. It is hoped that this review can provide new insights into the applications of symmetry breaking and promote its further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401067"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}