Small Methods最新文献

{"title":"Nanoarchitecturing of Bimetallic Metal‒Organic Frameworks for Emerging Applications in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensors.","authors":"Silvia Chowdhury, Asep Sugih Nugraha, Brian Yuliarto, Yusuke Yamauchi, Yusuf Valentino Kaneti","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal‒organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for advanced sensors because of their large surface area, high porosity, and compositional and structural versatility. The incorporation of a secondary metal center to form bimetallic MOFs can significantly enhance sensor performance by increasing the number of adsorption sites for gas molecules, enhancing charge transfer, and improving structural stability. Additionally, the tunable structure, composition, and porosity of bimetallic MOFs allow for the design of highly selective sensors tailored to specific gases. However, their low conductivity and thermal stability limit their application in traditional chemiresistive sensors. Instead, bimetallic MOFs are well suited for mass-sensitive gas sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) gas sensors, which operate at room temperature and rely on physical or chemical interactions. This review highlights recent advances in the exterior and interior nanoarchitectural control of bimetallic MOFs and their emerging applications in QCM sensors for various gas detection methods, along with the underlying sensing mechanisms. This study concludes with an overview of the challenges and future research directions in the synthesis and application of these materials for QCM gas sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401808"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trienzyme-in-One Nanoparticle Making Multifunctional Synergistic Nanorobot for Tumor Therapy.","authors":"Zhixue Gao, Zili Yang, Ming Luo, Ziye Pei, Wentao Xu, Yushan Liu, Jie Guo, Xia Xiang, Zili Yu, Suling Zhao, Jianguo Guan","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for tumor therapy face significant challenges in intratumoral penetration and cellular internalization, leading to poor therapeutic efficacy. Herein, it is demonstrated that the sequential integration of glucose oxidase (GOx), catalase (CAT), and urease (URE) onto the half surface of biotin-modified Janus nanoparticles via the chemical coupling way produces nanorobots of multifunctionality and synergistic effect (denoted as UCGPJNRs). They can autonomously and powerfully move in tumor microenvironment (TME) by using endogenous urea as a fuel, enabling to penetrate deeper than 0.55 mm into tumor tissues, ≈5.5-fold of the previous counterparts. The UCGPJNRs perform motion-enhanced biotin receptor-mediated endocytosis and endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus pathway-mediated exocytosis, greatly improving the internalization efficiency of tumor cells. They release NH₃ when moving to produce selective toxicity against tumor cells in hypoxic TME. Further, they enhance the glucose consumption by ≈three times due to the motion-accelerated GOx/CAT cascade reaction, disrupting the metabolism against tumor cells on a large area. After intratumorally injecting into tumor-bearing mice, UCGPJNRs can significantly amplify the in vivo tumor growth inhibition rate through their synergistic effect. This work provides a plausible strategy to overcome current limitations in tumor treatment by anchoring multiple bioenzymes on one nanoparticle.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500142"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid Waste Recovery for Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation: Review and Perspective.","authors":"Zhen Wu, Xiaohan Wang, Litong Guo, Sizhe Chen, Ning Xu","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interfacial solar evaporation is considered as an emerging sustainable solar water technology, capable of capturing solar energy and localizing the generated heat for fast evaporation. Over the past decade, it has drawn significant attention in the design and optimization of materials, structures, and devices, to achieve higher energy conversion efficiency. However, practical applications are limited due to complex designs, high costs, and difficulties in large-scale implementation. In this perspective, it is focused on the low-cost recyclable waste utilized for interfacial solar evaporation, and the recent progress in these materials, structures, and devices. In addition, unsolved scientific and technical challenges are also discussed, and provide a forward-looking perspective, with the aim of continuously promoting the rapid development and application of cost-effective recyclable waste in interfacial solar evaporation technology, thereby alleviating energy and environmental issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402257"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AI-Powered Methodology for Atomic-Scale Analysis of Heterogenized Correlated Single-Atom Catalysts.","authors":"Paula Aniceto-Ocaña, José Marqueses-Rodriguez, Juan M Muñoz-Ocaña, María J Fernandez-Trujillo, Andrés G Algarra, Antonio M Rodriguez-Chia, José J Calvino, Carmen E Castillo, Miguel Lopez-Haro","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202402010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202402010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correlated single-atom catalysts offer transformative potential in catalysis, particularly in the field of electrocatalysis, with a focus on oxygen evolution reactions. Advanced characterization is critical to understanding their atomic-scale properties when techniques usually used in molecular science (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), or Mass Spectrometry (MS)) cannot be applied after dispersing them on a carrier material. Here, a methodology that combines machine learning and mathematical optimization techniques to detect and quantify metal-metal interactions within heterobinuclear Au(III)-Pd(II) macrocyclic complexes on atomically resolved high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images is introduced. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods are evaluated, with the U-net architecture demonstrating superior performance in distinguishing the two involved chemical species. Mathematical optimization models further enhance the reliability of metal pair identification by providing precise distance metrics for the pairs. This methodology allows for the study of both the dynamics and bond interaction of heterobinuclear Au(III)-Pd(II) complexes. Notably, the analysis of time series of images reveals that most metal pairs remained stable under the high-energy electron beam irradiation conditions. Likewise, the Au-Pd distance within the pairs remains unchanged, indicating a robust interaction of the two metals with the ligand even after being deposited on the amorphous carbon substrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2402010"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Water Oxidation Reaction with Micro Bubble Lithography (MBL) Printed ZIF-67 MOF Electrocatalysts.","authors":"Khokan Manna, Anand Dev Ranjan, Himanshi Singh, Rakesh Sen, Francis Verpoort, Abhik Banerjee, Ayan Banerjee, Soumyajit Roy","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202401627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202401627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbubble-based micro-lithographic techniques have developed rapidly over the last ten years and are capable of reproducibly patterning a wide variety of soft materials and colloids, including polymers, metals, and proteins. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) materials have attracted a great deal of research and application interest in the field of materials science because of their chemical and thermal stabilities. Furthermore, ZIF-67 has demonstrated significant potential for applications in gas adsorption, molecule separation, electrochemistry, and catalysis, which when converted into \"lab-on-a-chip\" platforms might produce remarkable and diverse application-oriented outcomes. This is due to their highly adjustable nanostructures. Using Co(OAc)₂.4H₂O and Co(NO₃)₂.6H₂O as the metal ion sources and 2-methylimidazole as the ligand, To design ZIF-67 (composed of Co²⁺ ions and imidazolate ligands) is attempted. Inspired by previous results, the Micro-Bubble Lithography (MBL) approach is used to successfully demonstrate an instantaneous in situ green synthesis and micro-patterning of ZIF-67 MOFs in this work. With reasonable stability and an over-potential of 440 mV, these micro-patterns are used as microelectrodes for the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in media having different pH.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2401627"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastomeric Substrates with Femtosecond(fs)-Laser Fabricated Hierarchical Micropillar-Nanostructures for Strain-Active Sub-fM Ultrasensitive Raman Detection.","authors":"Hang Pan, Yan Zhao, Chuping Zhang, Huijuan Zhang, Liye Zhu, Mengyuan Wang, Jidong Liu, Zhiyang Xu, Wenting Pan, Xinlong Yan, Tianrui Zhai, Yijian Jiang, Yinzhou Yan","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenge to ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has to trade off the detection sensitivity and storage stability for the sophisticated SERS substrates. The tunable surface wettability is hence critical to switch the capture mode for detection and protection state for antifouling storage. However, surface-wettability-tunable substrates generally require reversible electric-, light-, temperature- or pH-sensitive properties to regulate the substrate nanostructures and chemical properties, for which complicated operation procedures are inevitable. Here, an elastomeric fluorophlogopite SERS substrate composed of a hierarchical micropillar-nanostructure array is reported by femtosecond(fs)-laser nanofabrication. The wettability of the substrate is reversibly tuned by mechanical strain from the free superhydrophobic surface (156°) in Cassie state to the compressive hydrophilic one (76°) in Wenzel state. The wettability-controllable surface facilitates to capture of target molecules for limit of detection down to 0.1fM@5 µL with the enhancement factor of 2.46 × 10¹² for Rhodamine 6G, of which the standard deviation is 7.8%, indicating good homogeneity. The developed elastomeric SERS substrate not only demonstrates the anti-pollution for long-term storage but also provides a simple way to switch the surface wettability for ultrasensitive Raman detection, holding promise for ultrasensitive clinical and biological SERS in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500198"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143951731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Interconnected 1D/2D Boron Nitride Hybrid Networks: Unlocking Superior Thermal Conductivity in Electrically Insulating Thermal Interface Nanocomposites Based on Hybrid Thermal Percolation Model.","authors":"Seung Yeon Jang, Ji-Un Jang, Gyun Young Yoo, Ki Hoon Kim, Seong Hun Kim, Jaewoo Kim, Seong Yun Kim","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its high thermal and low electrical conductivities, boron nitride (BN) has emerged as an optimal filler for thermal interface materials (TIMs) that prevent thermal condensation of nanostructures without causing shutdown due to electron tunneling. The polymer composite based on the BN hybrid strategy can be considered an optimal option as an electrically insulating and heat-dissipating TIM. However, there is a paucity of systematic experiments and theoretical approaches investigating the optimal content and ratio of BN hybrid fillers, which are key factors in synergistically improving thermal conductivity (TC). In this study, a hybrid thermal percolation model is developed by modifying the Foygel model to investigate the synergistic improvement in systematically measured TC. The model effectively determines the optimal hybrid filler composition and the resultant performance enhancement. Furthermore, the impact of BN surface and interface chemistry is comprehensively analyzed in conjunction with the filler network structure. The highest isotropic TC (10.93 W m^-1·K) is achieved by optimizing the formation of nano-interconnections between the hybrid 1D BN nanotube and 2D hexagonal BN (h-BN), representing a significant improvement of 1582% and 118% over the TC of pure epoxy and the composite containing the optimized h-BN network, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500453"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sponge-Inspired Porous Sensor for Wide-Spectrum Detection of Organic Liquids, Gases, and Isomers.","authors":"Chunyi Hu, Qiang Sun, Hongyi Liu, Qiang Zhou, Fandong Meng, Yongyuan Ren, Zhekun Shi, Xiaoli Zhan, Quan Liu, Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the identification of organics, including gases, liquids, and isomers, relies heavily on sophisticated analytical equipment or meticulously crafted yet costly materials such as COFs and MOFs. Consequently, developing a straightforward strategy to accurately identify organic gases, liquids, and isomers simultaneously presents a significant challenge. Inspired by the porous structure of the sponge that allows it to absorb multiple liquids quickly, a broad-spectrum micro-nano porous-structure sensor (BPS) is designed using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), highly conductive nanoparticle carbon black (CB) and micron-sized thermal expansion microspheres (EM), which utilizes the micro-nano porous structure to enhance the unique swelling interaction between PDMS and various organic compounds, to accurately identify organic gas/liquids, isomers, aqueous solutions, mixed liquids, and even perform quantitative analysis. There are no reports of sensors, such as BPS, capable of simultaneously detecting multiple types of organic matter. The BPS also demonstrates robust performance, retaining its self-cleaning property even after soaking in water, acids, and alkalis. The wide spectrum and high sensitivity of BPS in detecting and identifying volatile organic molecules make it have great potential in the chemical industry, coal, transportation, and other fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500091"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Tissue Complexity Through Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics","authors":"Shiquan Sun,&nbsp;Chaoyong Yang,&nbsp;Lulu Shang,&nbsp;Rong Fan","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500710","DOIUrl":"10.1002/smtd.202500710","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We are pleased to present this special section of &lt;i&gt;Small Methods&lt;/i&gt;, which highlights the rapidly advancing fields of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics have emerged as transformative tools for high-resolution profiling of gene expression. Single-cell approaches reveal cellular diversity at unprecedented resolution, while spatial transcriptomics preserves the spatial context of gene activity, enabling precise mapping of tissue architecture. Together, these technologies provide complementary insights into biological systems, uncovering cellular heterogeneity, dynamic interactions, and spatially driven molecular processes across diverse fields including developmental biology, cancer biology, immunology, and neuroscience. This collection includes 3 reviews and 10 research articles from prominent scientists with their valuable insights.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this special section, we explore the transformative potential of spatial transcriptomics data analysis. Gao et al. (smtd.2401451) introduce PASSAGE, a deep learning framework for identifying phenotype-associated signatures across heterogeneous spatial slices. Yang et al. (smtd.2400975) propose a novel cell segmentation method UCS, optimized for large-scale subcellular spatial transcriptomics data. Ishaque et al. (smtd.2401123) present Sainsc, a cell-segmentation-free approach for transcriptome-wide, nanoscale-resolution spatial data. Yuan et al. (smtd.2401199) present a kernel-based strategy to model spatially continuous variations of the tissue microenvironment using a new kernel-based strategyFei et al. (smtd.2401056) introduce a membrane-based method that greatly increases the number of genes captured in cells compared to the number captured using nucleus-based methods. These innovations highlight the power of spatially resolved transcriptomics in decoding tissue complexity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Transitioning to integrative analysis of single-cell transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics data, and other data, this field is reshaping our understanding of tissue architecture and gene expression. Liu et al. (smtd.2401145) developed QR-SIDE, a computational framework that maps spatial heterogeneity and optimizes marker gene contributions for robust deconvolution. Chen et al. (smtd.2401163) developed SpaDA, a spatially aware domain adaptation method integrating transcriptomics, histology, and spatial data to resolve cell-type distributions. These tools exemplify the synergy of multi-modal data in advancing oncology, neuroscience, and precision medicine. Last, Su et al. (smtd.2400991) introduce scPDS, a transformer-based deep learning method that predicts drug sensitivities from scRNA-seq data via pathway activation mapping, bridging transcriptomics, and therapeutic development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The true power of these technologies lies in their applications. Hicks et al. (smtd.2401194) first review the challenges and opportunities of integrating spatially-resolved","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/smtd.202500710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailorable Nanoparticles for Magnetic Water Cleaning of Polychlorinated Biphenyls.","authors":"Lukas Müller, Anna Zehetmeier, Anna Höfling, Henrik Gaß, Johannes Voß, Daniel Krappmann, Linda Rockmann, Elias Harrer, Dirk Zahn, Andreas Hirsch, Marcus Halik","doi":"10.1002/smtd.202500537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202500537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic persistent organic pollutants pose a pressing threat to the environment and human health. They can be found in water bodies all around the world at low but hazardous concentrations. Typical representatives of this contaminant class are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Here, nanoparticulate core-shell water cleaning agents are presented, which are able to remove PCBs of various chlorination degrees from water. The core consists of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) providing a large surface area that can be tuned via self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) composed of phosphonic acid derivates. This shell binds the pollutants non-covalently enabling facile magnetic water remediation. By employing positively charged or hydrophobic SAMs different PCBs can be preferentially removed. Furthermore, these orthogonal functionalities can be integrated into one SPION system. By combining charged and hydrophobic phosphonic acid derivates in so-called binary SAMs the removal preference can be convoluted, which works just as well in real river water. The cost-efficient availability of the base materials for these tailorable nanoparticles is complemented with recyclability laying the foundation for a sustainable water cleaning process.</p>","PeriodicalId":229,"journal":{"name":"Small Methods","volume":" ","pages":"e2500537"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}