StructurePub Date : 2025-07-22DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.012
Alireza Ghanbarpour, Nikolas Kenaya, Courtney Bingham, Miah Turke, Cody Pinger, Chris Kemp, Ellen Studzinski, Chrysoula Vasileiou, Babak Borhan, James H. Geiger
{"title":"Exploiting a rational β-strand insertion strategy and disulfide locking to mechanically manipulate domain-swapped protein structures","authors":"Alireza Ghanbarpour, Nikolas Kenaya, Courtney Bingham, Miah Turke, Cody Pinger, Chris Kemp, Ellen Studzinski, Chrysoula Vasileiou, Babak Borhan, James H. Geiger","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"In domain swapping, the “hinge loop” region of the domain-swapped (DS) structure that connects two structurally arbitrary domains undergoes a large structural alteration. While previous studies have shed light on the role of the hinge region in changing the oligomerization state of proteins, our study highlights how the hinge loop region in a DS dimer protein can be meticulously manipulated to generate significantly altered protein structures without the need to change the oligomeric state of the protein. We illustrate how an odd versus even number of amino acid insertions in the hinge region alters the secondary structure by exploiting the basic principle of the beta strand “zigzag” conformation. These subtle changes result in predictable conformational alterations in the overall 3D structure of DS dimers while reducing the interdomain flexibility of the structure using a disulfide bond cross-linking strategy.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.010
Valentin Lombard, Dan Timsit, Sergei Grudinin, Elodie Laine
{"title":"SeaMoon: From protein language models to continuous structural heterogeneity","authors":"Valentin Lombard, Dan Timsit, Sergei Grudinin, Elodie Laine","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"How proteins move and deform determines their interactions with the environment and is thus of the utmost importance for cellular functioning. Following the revolution in single protein 3D structure prediction, researchers have focused on repurposing or developing deep learning models for sampling alternative protein conformations. In this work, we explored whether continuous compact representations of protein motions could be predicted directly from sequences, without exploiting 3D structures. SeaMoon leverages protein language model (pLM) embeddings as input to a lightweight convolutional neural network. We assessed SeaMoon against <span><span style=\"\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">∼</mo></mrow></math></span><span style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block;\" tabindex=\"0\"></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">∼</mo></mrow></math></script></span>1,000 collections of experimental conformations exhibiting diverse motions. It predicts at least one ground-truth motion with reasonable accuracy for 40% of the test proteins. SeaMoon captures motions inaccessible to normal mode analysis, an unsupervised physics-based method relying solely on 3D geometry, and generalizes to proteins without detectable sequence similarity to the training set. SeaMoon is easily retrainable with novel or updated pLMs.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-18DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.011
Sagar Gupta, Nikolaos G. Sgourakis
{"title":"A structure-guided approach to predict MHC-I restriction of T cell receptors for public antigens","authors":"Sagar Gupta, Nikolaos G. Sgourakis","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) proteins provide biomarkers for therapeutic targeting using T cell receptors (TCRs), TCR-mimicking antibodies (TMAs), or other engineered protein binders. Despite the extreme sequence diversity of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA, the human MHC), a given TCR or TMA is restricted to recognize epitopic peptides in the context of a limited set of different HLA alleles. Here, guided by our analysis of 98 TCR:pHLA complex structures, we identify TCR contact residues and classify 148 common HLA alleles into T cell cross-reactivity groups (T-CREGs) on the basis of their presented surface features. Insights from our work have actionable value for predicting MHC-I restriction of TCRs, guiding therapeutic expansion of existing TCR-based approaches and informing the selection of peptide targets for the development of new therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"23 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate helical parameter estimation based on cylindrical unrolling","authors":"Mingtao Huang, Jinying Ma, Xiaoyu Fu, Hongwei Wang, Yuan Shen, Xueming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"Helical structure is fundamental for filamentous and tubular macromolecular assemblies that play crucial roles in structural scaffolding and signaling processes. Structure determination of these assemblies relies on the precise estimation of their helical parameters. Although layer-line-based methods are widely used, their application is often challenging due to structural flexibility and heterogeneity. Herein, we report a method for helical parameter estimation based on cylindrical unrolling, called helix is simple (HELIS), which is implemented in a software package with the same name. HELIS treats helical structures as rolled two-dimensional (2D) crystals. Estimation of the helical parameters of structures visualized by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is derived from simplified 2D reciprocal-lattice measurements. HELIS also incorporates auxiliary algorithms to trace and unbend curved filaments, determine relative polarity, and perform <em>in situ</em> helical reconstruction. HELIS is a comprehensive helical structure determination tool with high accuracy for helical parameter estimation that is applicable to various helical assemblies.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-17DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.009
Raffaele Coray, Daniel Castaño-Díez
{"title":"Geometry-aware template matching for cryo-electron tomograms in Dynamo","authors":"Raffaele Coray, Daniel Castaño-Díez","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"Template matching has a long history of serving as a tool for the automated analysis of volumes in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Recent theoretical and computational studies of the technique have pinpointed the importance of using fine angular samplings and high resolution scans to attain meaningful results, thus highlighting the necessity of approaches that alleviate the computational burden inherent to this technique. We present the new module for model-aware template matching in <em>Dynamo</em>, an open-source tool that allows the integration of possibly available <em>a priori</em> information in the set-up of a template matching computation, leading—in favorable cases—to large computational gains, as the scanning effort can be more efficiently restricted to relevant spatial positions and dynamically defined angular orientations. This approach has been successfully tested on a representative range of sample geometries typically arising in tomography, modeling particles distributed over tubular, membranous, or vesicular structures.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.007
Yuanbo Shen, Ailiena O. Maggiolo, Tianzheng Zhang, Rebeccah A. Warmack
{"title":"CryoEM-enabled visual proteomics reveals de novo structures of oligomeric protein complexes","authors":"Yuanbo Shen, Ailiena O. Maggiolo, Tianzheng Zhang, Rebeccah A. Warmack","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"Single particle cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM) and cryoelectron tomography (cryoET) are powerful methods for unveiling unique and functionally relevant structural states. Aided by mass spectrometry and machine learning, they promise to facilitate the visual exploration of proteomes. Leveraging visual proteomics, we interrogate structures isolated from a complex cellular milieu by cryoEM to identify and classify molecular structures and complexes <em>de novo</em>. By comparing three automated model building programs, CryoID, DeepTracer, and ModelAngelo, we determine the identity of six distinct oligomeric protein complexes from partially purified extracts of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium <em>Azotobacter vinelandii</em> using both anaerobic and aerobic cryoEM, including two original oligomeric structures. Overall, by allowing the study of near-native oligomeric protein states, cryoEM-enabled visual proteomics reveals unique structures that correspond to relevant species observed <em>in situ</em>.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"677 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144622462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.006
Kirill Kovalev, Artem Stetsenko, Florian Trunk, Egor Marin, Jose M. Haro-Moreno, Gerrit H.U. Lamm, Alexey Alekseev, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, Thomas R. Schneider, Josef Wachtveitl, Albert Guskov
{"title":"Structural basis for no retinal binding in flotillin-associated rhodopsins","authors":"Kirill Kovalev, Artem Stetsenko, Florian Trunk, Egor Marin, Jose M. Haro-Moreno, Gerrit H.U. Lamm, Alexey Alekseev, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, Thomas R. Schneider, Josef Wachtveitl, Albert Guskov","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodopsins are light-sensitive membrane proteins capturing solar energy via a retinal cofactor covalently attached to a lysine residue. Several groups of rhodopsins lack the conserved lysine and showed no retinal binding. Recently, flotillin-associated rhodopsins (FArhodopsins or FARs) were identified and suggested to lack the retinal-binding pocket despite preserving the lysine residue in many members of the group. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopic (cryo-EM) structures of paralog FArhodopsin and proteorhodopsin from marine bacterium <em>Pseudothioglobus</em>, both forming pentamers similar to those of other microbial rhodopsins. We demonstrate no binding of retinal to the FArhodopsin despite preservation of the lysine residue and overall similarity of the protein fold and internal organization to those of the retinal-binding paralog. Mutational analysis confirmed that two amino acids, H84 and E120, prevent retinal binding within the FArhodopsin. Our work provides insights into the natural retinal loss in microbial rhodopsins and might contribute to the further understanding of FArhodopsins.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structures of USP7 in active and inactive states bound to DNMT1 revealed by cryo-EM","authors":"Nao Nakamura, Sae Yoshimi, Amika Kikuchi, Hiroki Onoda, Satomi Kori, Makoto Nakanishi, Atsuya Nishiyama, Kyohei Arita","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitin signal generated by UHRF1 is essential for DNA methylation maintenance by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to hemimethylated DNA through strong binding of its replication foci targeting sequence (RFTS) domain to ubiquitinated histone H3. The ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) forms a complex with DNMT1 and removes ubiquitin from H3. However, it remains unknown how USP7 deubiquitinates ubiquitinated H3 upon strong binding of the DNMT1 RFTS domain. Here, we show the activation mechanism of USP7 by combining biochemical and structural studies. USP7 is inactive toward ubiquitinated H3 in complex with the RFTS domain. However, when complexed with DNMT1, USP7 efficiently deubiquitinates ubiquitinated H3. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analysis revealed that USP7 bound to DNMT1 undergoes an open (inactive) and closed (active) conformational transition. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the activation of USP7 upon binding to DNMT1 and contribute to a better understanding of the deubiquitination process in DNA methylation maintenance.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144594756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-07DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.004
Florian Roisné-Hamelin, Hon Wing Liu, Stephan Gruber
{"title":"Structure of a type II SMC Wadjet complex from Neobacillus vireti","authors":"Florian Roisné-Hamelin, Hon Wing Liu, Stephan Gruber","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Structural maintenance of chromosome complexes are essential DNA-folding motors that facilitate critical cellular functions, including chromosome segregation and DNA repair. Wadjet systems are prokaryotic SMC complexes specialized in cellular immunity against plasmids. Type I Wadjet systems restrict plasmids via a DNA extrusion-cleavage reaction. Two other Wadjet types (II and III) have also been identified, however, their molecular characteristics are unclear. Here, we reconstituted a representative type II Wadjet system from <em>Neobacillus vireti</em>. We show that this system shares substrate selection and cleavage properties with type I but exhibits distinctive structural features, including a long elbow-distal coiled coil, a channel-less hinge, and a tandem KITE subunit. These features help identify the common and distinguishing architectural elements in the family of Wadjet systems and raise intriguing questions about the evolution of prokaryotic SMC complexes.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
StructurePub Date : 2025-07-03DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2025.06.002
Jennifer Erin Dawson, Iris Nira Smith, Ann Marie Tushar, Charis Eng
{"title":"Elucidating PTEN conformational dynamics and phosphatase regulation via integrative modeling and mutation prediction","authors":"Jennifer Erin Dawson, Iris Nira Smith, Ann Marie Tushar, Charis Eng","doi":"10.1016/j.str.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<em>PTEN</em> (Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is a major tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated or lost under cancerous conditions. PTEN is a dual-specificity phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway at the plasma membrane (PM). Its functional regulation and cellular localization are known to be conformationally driven. Access to the PM is phosphoregulated by open and closed PTEN forms. However, clarifying the underlying structural mechanisms is still an open avenue of research. Here, we apply an integrative structural modeling approach, combining coarse-grained and all-atom molecular dynamics with experimental crosslinking mass spectrometry. Conformational exchange between an “eased” form and a “strained” form brings the protein’s phosphatase and C2 domains closer together, blocking the catalytic site, and affecting the loops involved in PM binding. Our full-length PTEN models, AlphaMissense, and RaSP were used to better predict the consequences of PTEN mutations.","PeriodicalId":22168,"journal":{"name":"Structure","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144547564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}