Systematic Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Exploring gut microbiome dysbiosis in vasculitis in adults: a systematic review.","authors":"Kamila Hashemzadeh, Mozhdeh Ghamari, Sarah Deutsch, Andreas Schwarting, Konstantinos Triantafyllias","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03359-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03359-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Although studies have confirmed that disruptions in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders, the precise pathways through which the gut microbiota influences the onset and progression of vasculitis remain largely unknown. In recent years, research has increasingly concentrated on assessing the contribution of the gut microbiota to vasculitis. This systematic study sought to assess the dominant gut microbiota profiles in vasculitis patients and compare them to those of healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cochrane methodology was used to design and conduct the present systematic review. Relevant articles published up to May 2025 were searched and collected from four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science. The keywords used in the search included \"vasculitis,\" \"Takayasu arteritis,\" \"giant cell arteritis,\" \"polyarteritis nodosa,\" \"microscopic polyangiitis,\" \"granulomatosis with polyangiitis,\" \"eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis,\" \"cryoglobulinemic vasculitis,\" \"IgA vasculitis,\" \"variable vessel vasculitis,\" \"Behçet's disease,\" and \"Cogan's syndrome\" alongside phrases like \"gut microbiome,\" \"gut microbiota,\" and \"gut flora.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 12 publications were included in the analysis. Three addressed individuals with Takayasu arteritis (TAK), three investigated ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), another three examined Behçet's disease (BD), while one study each pertained to IgA vasculitis (IgAV), Kawasaki disease (KD), and a nonspecific form of vasculitis. The majority of these works observed variations in both α-diversity and β-diversity, as well as in the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota. Additionally, the structure of the microbial communities differed markedly between those with vasculitis and healthy individuals. Notably, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria-the dominant bacterial phyla in the human gastrointestinal tract-were frequently diminished in affected patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The occurrence of intestinal microbial imbalance in individuals diagnosed with vasculitis has been validated. As observed in various other autoimmune conditions, the gut microbiota of vasculitis patients is chiefly comprised Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Disruptions in the microbial ecosystem-mainly typified by diminished diversity and population density-may play a role in triggering and advancing the disease.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>This review was not registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149207941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical methods for analyzing change over time of continuous outcomes in observational health studies: a scoping review of suggested approaches.","authors":"Martina Bouka, Eirini Pagkalidou, Solange Gonzalez Chiappe, Tracy Bonsu Osei, Ulrike Grittner, Katharina Nimptsch, Tobias Pischon","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03361-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03361-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Analyses of within-person change in continuous outcomes are widely used in longitudinal observational health research. However, modeling change presents challenges, particularly regarding questions about when adjustment for baseline outcome values is indicated and how to deal with regression to the mean (RTM) and measurement error (ME). Despite extensive methodological debate, it remains unclear how these issues are addressed in applied studies and what analytical strategies have been proposed to mitigate related biases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a scoping review of methodological studies proposing strategies to address bias when analyzing within-person change in continuous outcomes and of applied observational studies to examine analytical practice following PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration (CRD420251024543). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2000 to April 2025. Methodological studies addressed RTM, ME, or related modeling challenges while applied studies examined longitudinal changes in continuous metabolic syndrome (MetS) indicators as well as body weight outcomes. Findings were synthesized narratively and as a decision framework to help researchers select analytical strategies according to the bias of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 66 methodological and 102 applied studies. Methodological studies proposed a range of approaches to address bias related to RTM and ME, including analytical RTM correction methods, model-based longitudinal approaches, alternative estimators for baseline-change associations, causal and estimand-based frameworks, calibration methods, latent-variable models, and flexible ME models. Common recommendations were aligning analyses with the research question, accounting for measurement processes, and using repeated measurements where possible. In contrast, applied studies showed heterogeneity in analytical practice. Forty-nine percent used models adjusting for baseline outcome values, 44% used models without baseline adjustment, and 7% reported both. Baseline adjustment was more common in studies examining body weight compared to MetS indicators. Justification for modeling choices, use of causal tools, and addressing related biases was uncommon.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The methodological literature provides a diverse set of approaches addressing RTM and ME in analyses of within-person change, but many of these considerations are not routinely reflected in applied observational research. By synthesizing methodological guidance and comparing it with current analytical practice, this review provides a structured framework to support more transparent and methodologically informed analyses of longitudinal change.</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The comparative efficacy and safety of sweet solutions to reduce preterm infants' pain levels: a systematic review and network meta‑analysis.","authors":"Defi Efendi, Yi-No Kang, Regina Natalia, Ariesta Milanti, Putri M T Marsubrin, Christina Yeni Kustanti, Kee-Hsin Chen","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03324-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03324-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149149457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A across life stages using stable isotope methodologies: a protocol for the systematic review.","authors":"Ruby D Frane, Hazel T Lat, Joanne Jette L Semilla, Joey Mark S Diaz, Mark Pretzel P Zumaraga","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03290-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03290-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a persistent health concern in the Philippines. Studies using stable isotope methods for assessing β-carotene bioconversion to vitamin A in the vulnerable Filipino population are limited. This review protocol aims to map the global evidence in quantifying β-carotene bioconversion efficiency across diverse population age groups and settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015, studies published in English between 1 January 2013 and 31 January 2026 will be systematically searched. The databases to be queried include Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Academic Search Ultimate via the EBSCOhost platform. Citation tracking will also be conducted to identify additional relevant studies. A team of reviewers will conduct a database search, screening, extraction, and procedural analysis. Deduplication will be done using Covidence® software. At least two independent reviewers will perform these tasks. A different reviewer will resolve any conflicts between them. Inclusion criteria are as follows: (a) human participants-apparently healthy or nutritionally at-risk populations, any age group and setting; (b) reporting the use of stable isotope techniques; (c) studies that compare various methodological protocols that use stable isotope techniques and examine the variability of factors across different life stages. Findings will be narratively synthesized in accordance with the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines, and a descriptive summary will be provided.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review focuses on quantifying β-carotene bioconversion efficiency using stable isotopes in diverse populations. The results aim to guide the selection of suitable isotopic methods for assessing intestinal β-carotene bioconversion efficiency in vulnerable populations. This is particularly relevant in resource-limited settings such as the Philippines. Potential limitations of this review as the research team operating within a developing country context include restriction to English-language publications. Also, the anticipated heterogeneity in study designs, isotope methodologies, and outcome measures may limit direct comparability of findings. Nonetheless, the structured synthesis approach is intended to provide a transparent and rigorous overview of the current evidence base and identify priorities for future research.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD420261279500.</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13589336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality for chronic primary low back pain in adults: systematic review protocol.","authors":"Axel Schäfer, Ulrike Kaiser, Alexander Elser, Christian Kopkow, Bernhard Elsner","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03307-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03307-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic primary low back pain (LBP) is a costly and disabling condition, with complex interacting factors contributing to pain experience and disability. Although multimodal therapy, including physiotherapy, behavioural therapy/psychotherapy and education is recommended, implementation is limited due to shortcomings in healthcare delivery. Digital solutions such as virtual reality (VR) could offer possibilities to address these shortcomings and become increasingly common. However, the evidence base for VR in chronic LBP is conflicting. Nine existing meta-analyses show substantial variance in effect sizes, ranging from SMD 0.07 to 8.15, due to heterogeneity in population, interventions and outcome measurements, with most often limited quality of evidence. Therefore, a high-quality systematic review focussing on chronic primary LBP, incorporating mechanisms of action and state-of-the-art meta-analysis is warranted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We will conduct a systematic review, employing a comprehensive and sensitive search strategy in all relevant databases. We will include randomised controlled studies that investigate the effects of virtual reality versus other interventions (active and non-active) or no intervention on physical functioning, pain intensity and health related quality of life in patients with chronic primary low back pain. We will assess risk of bias with the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2 (RoB2) and certainty of the evidence with GRADE criteria. We will use a random-effects model for all statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This systematic review will provide trustworthy evidence about the effects of VR in chronic primary low back pain by employing rigorous methods of search string development, comprehensive database search, quality evaluation and control, data extraction, documentation and analysis incorporating theory of change. Anticipated intervention heterogeneity will be addressed by pre-specified subgroup analyses and appropriate methods of meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO 2025 CRD420251250648.</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of acupuncture combined with medication for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.","authors":"Sihao Chen, Haihua Xie, Jiaxing Zhu, Qingxia Li, Weiai Liu, Ting Zhu, ShuLin Xiong, Mi Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03306-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03306-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive impairment is a global health crisis, which reduces quality of life and adds to the socio-economic burden. Previous meta-analyses have shown that the combination of acupuncture and conventional Western medicine may offer advantages over drug therapy alone. However, uncertainties remain regarding the scope and timeliness of the evidence search, the use of outdated risk-of-bias assessment tools, safety and long-term outcomes, and specific clinical value. Therefore, this study will conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with medication for patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), with the hope of providing guidance for optimizing clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods and analysis: </strong>Search 9 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, Scopus) from the start date to July 2026. We will also search trial registries and gray literature sources. Include randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture combined with medication versus medication alone in patients with MCI. The primary outcomes will be the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Secondary outcomes included the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span Test, and Adverse Events (AE). Two researchers will independently conduct selection, extraction, and RoB 2 bias risk assessment. The GRADE framework will be used to assess the quality of evidence. Weighted mean differences (MD) and standardized mean differences (SMD) will be used for continuous outcomes. Relative risks (RRs)/odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are going to be used for categorical data. Heterogeneity sources will be explored through sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. The publication bias will be assessed through funnel plots and Egger's test.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Comprehensive evidence to optimize clinical decision-making and treatment regarding the efficacy of acupuncture and pharmacotherapy in cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD420261367845.</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the relationship between menopausal timing and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization analyses.","authors":"Yuru Wang, Xiaoling Miao, Mellissa Withers, Martin Chi Sang Wong, Pramon Viwattanakulvanid","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03298-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03298-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and imposes a substantial burden on women's health. Early onset of menopause, as a unique trait of reproductive aging, has been associated with a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events in traditional observational studies. However, the findings yielded from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to (1) synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between genetically determined menopausal timing and CVD risk and (2) assess the methodological quality of the included MR studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception to June 2025, supplemented by manual searches of the reference lists from retrieved studies and other sources. MR studies using genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causality between menopausal timing and the risk of cardiovascular-related outcomes were included. The risk of bias of included studies was assessed based on three core MR assumptions and other potential sources of bias. Meta-analyses pooled the inverse-variance weighted-derived odds ratios (ORs) from individual studies using random-effects (RE) models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen articles were included in the systematic review, with study populations predominantly of European ancestry. Cardiovascular outcomes of interest included coronary artery disease, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertension, ventricular structure and function, and cardiometabolic traits. Meta-analyses showed that genetically determined menopausal timing was not significantly associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (OR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; P = 0.52; I² = 48.08%) or stroke (OR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.95-1.05; P = 0.93; I² = 0.01%). Most of the included studies explicitly described the methods used to validate the core assumptions of the MR design. However, more than half of the studies were judged to have an unclear or even high risk of bias from other sources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from our study do not support a causal relationship between menopausal timing and CVD risk. It is recommended that future Mendelian randomization studies incorporate participants from diverse ancestries, explore gene-environment interactions, and rigorously address potential sources of bias.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>The study protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251058908).</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing interventions to enhance self-care in heart failure: a systematic review interpreted through the COM-B model.","authors":"Beti Kristinawati, Tintin Sukartini, Violeta Yuman Tanaya, Navian Fauzi Arifudin","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03280-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03280-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is a long-term illness, frequently requiring hospital stay and having a significant morbidity and mortality rate. In order to avoid decompensation, lower readmission rates, and promote quality of life, adequate self-care is vital. This review synthesised nursing interventions intended to improve self-care among adults and older adults with HF and retrospectively interpreted their components using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search was conducted on 11 November 2025 across seven electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO. The review included randomised controlled studies evaluating behavioural, educational, psychological, or nursing interventions aimed at improving self-care among adults and older adults with HF. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Randomised Controlled Trials. Database-specific search strategies and publication-year filters are reported in Additional file 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions included structured education, motivational interviewing, pre-discharge education, technology-based support, and multimodal programmes. Several studies reported improvements in self-care maintenance, management, or confidence; however, the direction and magnitude of effects varied across interventions and follow-up periods. Although none of the studies explicitly used the COM-B model, their intervention components could be retrospectively mapped to Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nursing interventions may improve selected dimensions of HF self-care, particularly when education is combined with follow-up, motivational support, or practical monitoring resources. However, the evidence was heterogeneous, and the magnitude and consistency of effects remain uncertain. COM-B may provide a useful framework for interpreting intervention components, but the retrospective mapping does not demonstrate that COM-B mechanisms were prospectively tested.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>The procedure of this study was recently filed in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) at the National Institute for Health Research (No: CRD420251237974).</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13540883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal therapies to improve outcomes in gastroschisis: a systematic scoping review protocol.","authors":"Maria Florencia Varela, Julie Reed, Marc Oria, Seitaro Kosaka, Nilhan Torlak, Enrico Lopriore, Jose Luis Peiro","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03114-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03114-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastroschisis is a congenital birth defect with a rising incidence. The herniation of intestines into the amniotic cavity leads to prenatal bowel injury, which contributes to significant postnatal morbidity and mortality. Current management focuses on postnatal interventions, though bowel injury begins in utero. Emerging interest in prenatal therapies aims to mitigate this injury and improve outcomes. However, none of these interventions has been widely adopted in clinical practice, highlighting the need for further research and validation. This protocol aims to outline the procedures to conduct a systematic scoping review of prenatal interventions to improve outcomes for gastroschisis, identifying gaps in the literature to guide future research and inform clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic scoping review will follow the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We will include studies on prenatal interventions for gastroschisis in both human and animal models. Key databases including MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and others will be searched. Gray literature and clinical trial registries will also be reviewed. Studies will be screened, selected, and data extracted in duplicate using predefined criteria. Descriptive analysis will summarize findings, grouped by intervention, with outcomes presented in a narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This scoping review will be the first to systematically examine prenatal interventions for gastroschisis, addressing a growing clinical need due to its rising incidence and associated morbidity. Despite promising experimental approaches, no prenatal therapies are currently standard practice, underscoring the need for further research. This review will identify existing evidence and highlight knowledge gaps. Findings could inform the development of targeted prenatal treatments, improve clinical outcomes, and support the integration of effective interventions into routine care, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality associated with gastroschisis.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>The review protocol has been registered within the Open Science Framework database ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/39DSQ ).</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How should retrospectively registered protocols be interpreted in systematic reviews?","authors":"João Vitor Dos Santos Canellas, Fernando César Paraizo Borges","doi":"10.1186/s13643-026-03278-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13643-026-03278-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prospective protocol registration is widely regarded as the preferred standard in systematic reviews. It promotes transparency from the outset of the research process, supports the prespecification of methods, contributes to reducing the risk of selective reporting and unnecessary duplication of effort, and is associated with improved methodological quality and reporting standards. However, despite these well-recognized advantages, not all systematic reviews are prospectively registered. In practice, retrospectively registered protocols continue to occur despite widespread recommendations for prospective registration. This raises an important question: how should retrospectively registered protocols be interpreted in systematic reviews? Within this context, the present commentary does not seek to position retrospective registration as equivalent to prospective registration. Rather, it aims to examine how retrospectively registered protocols may be interpreted in a transparent and methodologically informed manner, acknowledging that retrospective registration alone cannot demonstrate that methodological decisions were prespecified before the review process commenced. We propose that retrospectively registered protocols may be more appropriately interpreted through a transparency-oriented appraisal rather than a strictly timing-based judgment. Such an appraisal may consider whether the retrospective nature of registration is clearly reported, whether the reasons for delayed registration are explicitly described, whether deviations from the initial plan are transparently documented and justified, and whether overall methodological rigor and completeness of reporting are preserved in accordance with established guidance. Retrospective registration has inherent limitations, particularly its inability to prevent undisclosed methodological changes or reduce duplication of effort. Nevertheless, when clearly labeled, sufficiently detailed, and transparently reported, it may still contribute to the interpretability of the review process. Emphasizing transparency, consistency between planned and reported methods, and clarity of methodological decisions may support more robust critical appraisal and informed editorial decision-making in systematic reviews.</p>","PeriodicalId":22162,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148621466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}