Mateusz Klimek, Grzegorz Cwynar, Igor Bakon, Wojciech Szanecki, Mirosława Mackiewcz, Anna Cygal, Andrzej Witek
{"title":"Cesarean scar pregnancy - case report and review.","authors":"Mateusz Klimek, Grzegorz Cwynar, Igor Bakon, Wojciech Szanecki, Mirosława Mackiewcz, Anna Cygal, Andrzej Witek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Implantation of the embryo in the\u0000cesarean section scar is a rare form\u0000of ectopic pregnancy. Such condition\u0000poses significant threat to a woman’s\u0000health and live, therefore, requires\u0000accurate diagnosis and rapid implementation\u0000of treatment. The following\u0000article presents the case of a patient\u0000with a pregnancy located in the scar\u0000after cesarean section treated in the\u0000Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,\u0000Medical University of Silesia\u0000in Katowice, Faculty of Medicine in\u0000Katowice.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36047837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneta Semków-Pochwatko, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Danuta Czarnecka
{"title":"[Estimation of the consumption frequency of high glucose corn syrup by patients with hypertension].","authors":"Aneta Semków-Pochwatko, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Danuta Czarnecka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a major health problem\u0000in modern times, due to its high\u0000prevalence. This is an important risk\u0000factor for cardiovascular disease, which\u0000are the main cause of death in developed\u0000countries.\u0000The component of prevention and\u0000non-pharmacological treatment of hypertension\u0000is a proper diet. More and\u0000more often an adequate supply of sugars\u0000in the diet is emphasized. In recent\u0000years particular attention was paid to\u0000the consumption of HFCS (high fructose\u0000corn syrup), which is present in\u0000many processed foods.\u0000The aim of this study was to estimate\u0000the frequency of consumption of\u0000HFCS products among patients with hypertension.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study\u0000involved 108 people diagnosed with\u0000hypertension, who attended to the Hypertensive\u0000Clinic in Krakow. The study\u0000was conducted in the form of Food\u0000Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) of 24\u0000selected beverages and solid products,\u0000which are a source of HFCS. In addition,\u0000the survey included 6 questions about\u0000nutrition knowledge on HFCS. The examination\u0000took place from October 2014.\u0000to March 2015.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The vast majority of patients\u0000indicated consumption of products\u0000with HFSC. The most popular\u0000products proved to be sweets (especially\u0000chocolate bars, wafers) and fruit\u0000drinks and nectars. Frequent consumption\u0000of cola drinks was also observed,\u0000which were more often chosen by men\u0000than women. Younger respondents (<55\u0000years old) more often than respondents\u0000over 55. years old chose sweets. At the\u0000same time our survey indicated unsatisfactory\u0000level of nutritional knowledge on\u0000HFCS among patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The consumption of\u0000HFCS in patients with hypertension\u0000is common, at low knowledge of its\u0000harmful effects on health. Therefore\u0000there is apparent need for dietary education\u0000of patients with hypertension in\u0000this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36041729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Brodowski, Bartłomiej Startek, Paweł Pakla, Sebastian de Sternberg Stojałowski, Jan Frańczak, Bogumił Lewandowski
{"title":"[Merkel cell carcinoma of the facial skin. Cases presentation and general rules of treatment].","authors":"Robert Brodowski, Bartłomiej Startek, Paweł Pakla, Sebastian de Sternberg Stojałowski, Jan Frańczak, Bogumił Lewandowski","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive,\u0000malignant, neuroendocrine\u0000tumor of the skin. The aim of the\u0000study is to present the clinical pictures,\u0000methods and results of treatment\u0000of MCC in the Clinic of Maxillofacial\u0000Surgery in Rzeszow in years\u00002003-2010. Changes were located on\u0000the skin of the face of four patients.\u0000All patients were treated surgically,\u0000the primary change was removed. Recurrence\u0000after surgical treatment was\u0000observed in all patients. The observations\u0000confirmed the data from the\u0000literature about the incidence of MCC\u0000over 75 years of age, aggressiveness\u0000and difficulties in treatment of this\u0000disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36043099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarosław Stoliński, Dariusz Plicner, Michał Mędrzyński, Bogusław Kapelak
{"title":"[Surgical treatment results of chronic pericardial tamponade].","authors":"Jarosław Stoliński, Dariusz Plicner, Michał Mędrzyński, Bogusław Kapelak","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report the efficacy of\u0000chronic pericardial effusion treatment\u0000with pericardial window creation through\u0000video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery\u0000and pericardial drainage through\u0000a small subxiphoid incision.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Retrospective\u0000analysis of 31 patients after pericardial\u0000window creation through video-assisted\u0000thoracoscopic surgery (PW group) and\u000077 patients where pericardial drainage\u0000through small subxiphoid incision (PD\u0000group) was performed. Echocardiography\u0000examinations were performed to\u0000document pericardial tamponade and\u0000pericardial effusion recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Length of surgery was\u000020.5±5.4 minutes in the PD group and\u000025.8±6.4 minutes in the PW group,\u0000p<0.001. Amount of fluid evacuated\u0000from pericardium during surgery was\u0000483±191 ml and 521±253 ml in PD and\u0000PW groups respectively, p=0.654.\u0000Postoperative drainage was maintained\u0000longer (4.3±1.4 days vs. 3.2±1.0,\u0000p<0.001) and the amount of fluid drained\u0000after surgery was higher (497±351\u0000ml vs. 309±231 ml, p=0.031) in the PW\u0000group. The amount of pericardial fluid\u0000at the end of hospitalization was statistically\u0000significantly higher in the PD\u0000group compared with the PW group\u0000(8.9±4.9 mm vs. 4.9±3.2 mm, p<0.001).\u0000Hospital stay was 5.7±2.7 days in the\u0000PD group and 6.1±3.4 in the PW group,\u0000p=0.112. No patient died during\u0000hospitalization period in either group.\u0000Mortality within 30 days after surgery\u0000was 2.6% in the PD and 3.2% in the PW\u0000group (p=0.642). In the PW group there\u0000were 4 conversions to right minithoracotomy\u0000due to dense pleural adhesions.\u0000Pericardial effusion recurrence\u0000occurred in 9 patients (12.0%) in the PD\u0000group and none was observed (0.0%) in\u0000the PW group (p=0.042) within 30 days\u0000after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pericardial window creation\u0000through video-assisted thoracoscopic\u0000surgery should be considered\u0000the preferred method over pericardial\u0000drainage through a small subxiphoid\u0000incision for chronic pericardial effusion\u0000and pericardial tamponade treatment to\u0000reduce the frequency of pericardial effusion\u0000reoccurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36044186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacek Lelakowski, Anna Rydlewska, Maria Lelakowska, Joanna Pudło, Justyna Piekarz, Paweł Matusik
{"title":"[The assessment of factors influencing occurrence of adequate interventions of cardiac resynchronization therapy with cardioverter-defibrillator implanted in primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in dilative cardiomyopathy and percentage of biventricular pacing].","authors":"Jacek Lelakowski, Anna Rydlewska, Maria Lelakowska, Joanna Pudło, Justyna Piekarz, Paweł Matusik","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of factors influencing\u0000occurrence of adequate interventions\u0000of cardiac resynchronization\u0000therapy with cardioverter-defibrillator\u0000implanted in primary prevention of\u0000sudden cardiac death in dilative cardiomyopathy\u0000and percentage of biventricular\u0000pacing.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The function of cardiac\u0000resynchronization therapy with\u0000cardioverter-defibrillator (CRT-D) is\u0000to treat heart failure (HF) and to treat\u0000ventricular arrhythmia, if it occurs,\u0000with adequate intervention.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to\u0000find predictors of adequate interventions\u0000and in how many patients biventricular\u0000pacing percentage decreases\u0000during the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study\u0000comprised of 228 patients (178 M,\u0000mean age 66±10, 31-89 years) with\u0000implanted CRTD. The following data\u0000were analyzed: age, sex, presence\u0000of dilative cardiomyopathy, diabetes\u0000mellitus, lowered creatinine clearance,\u0000atrial fibrillation (AF), LVEF,\u0000NYHA class, adequate interventions,\u0000number of arrhythmias, pharmacotherapy\u0000modifications, device parameters\u0000and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean ejection fraction of\u0000the left ventricle was 20.9±6.4, (10.0-\u000035%). During the mean follow up of\u0000770±490 days in 84 (37%) patients\u0000adequate interventions of the device\u0000occurred. The adequate interventions\u0000concerned mainly patients with\u0000diabetes mellitus (HR 2.95), in NYHA\u0000class II, with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation\u0000(HR 2.15). In 39 patients (17%) the\u0000mean percentage of biventricular pacing was below 90%,\u0000and in 18 (8%) below 85%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diabetes mellitus, NYHA class II, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation\u0000have significantly increased the risk of adequate\u0000intervention. The most common causes of loss of biventricular\u0000pacing were: inappropriate AV delay, supraventricular arrhythmias\u0000and premature ventricular complexes.\u0000A significant correlation between low biventricular\u0000pacing percentage and the occurrence of supraventricular\u0000arrhythmias and adequate interventions was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36044336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kiałka, Agnieszka Ociepka, T. Milewicz, M. Krzyczkowska-Sendrakowska, Katarzyna Gosztyła, E. Stochmal, M. Lurzyńska, M. Bałajewicz-Nowak
{"title":"Evening not morning plasma cortisol level is higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"M. Kiałka, Agnieszka Ociepka, T. Milewicz, M. Krzyczkowska-Sendrakowska, Katarzyna Gosztyła, E. Stochmal, M. Lurzyńska, M. Bałajewicz-Nowak","doi":"10.1530/ENDOABS.41.GP27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/ENDOABS.41.GP27","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The aim of our study was to assess the morning and evening cortisol plasma levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIAL AND METHOD\u000095 patients gave their informed consent to participate in the study and were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 40 PCOS patients and group B consisted of 55 women without features of PCOS. Between day 5 and 8 of the menstrual cycle, morning (7 am), fasting blood samples were taken for the assessment of luteinizng hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, cortisol, prolactin, thyreotropin (TSH), testosterone and dehydroepeiandrosterone (DHEAS). Evening (5 pm) blood samples were also taken for the evaluation of plasma cortisol level\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000There were no differences in mean age, body mass index (BMI), FSH, SHBG, PRL, estradiol and TSH levels between group A and group B. Mean plasma LH level was higher in group A compared to group B (10.7 ± 6.8 IU/l vs 6.6 ± 4.5 LU/l, p < 0.02). Mean plasma testosterone and DHEAS levels were also higher in PCOS patients (3.8 ± 0.6 nmol/l vs 1.63 ± 0.6 nmol/l; 427.7 ± 162.9 vs 236.6 ± 97.8 respectively, p < 0.001). Mean evening plasma cortisol level was higher in PCOS patients (11.8 ± 4.1 ug/dl vs 4.7 ± 1.3 ug/dl, p < 0.02). Mean morning plasma cortisol levels did not differ between groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000PCOS women showed the increased evening plasma cortisol level with impacted diurnal secretion rate.","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83041778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malgorzata Krakowska-Stasiak, Dorota Cibor, Kinga Sałapa, Danuta Owczarek, Tomasz Mach
{"title":"Impact of body weight on clinical symptoms and endoscopic changes in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.","authors":"Malgorzata Krakowska-Stasiak, Dorota Cibor, Kinga Sałapa, Danuta Owczarek, Tomasz Mach","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gastroesophageal\u0000reflux disease (GERD) is connected\u0000with body mass index (BMI) according\u0000to some recent studies. However, the\u0000link between overweight and severity\u0000of GERD symptoms is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of our study\u0000is to assess the influence of BMI on\u0000clinical presentation and occurrence\u0000of inflammatory changes in the esophagus\u0000in patients with GERD.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>121 clinically\u0000diagnosed GERD patients: 66 males\u0000(54.5%) and 55 females (45.5%), aged\u000019 – 89 years were involved in the\u0000study. After the detailed anamnesis\u0000BMI was counted and gastroscopy\u0000was performed. All individuals who\u0000agreed for upper endoscopy were\u0000divided into three groups. 42 patients\u0000(34.7%) were classified as Non-Erosive\u0000Reflux Disease (NERD), 53 patients\u0000(43.8%) were diagnosed with Erosive\u0000Esophagitis (EE), 11 patients (9.1%)\u0000with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). Among\u0000EE group 34 patients were diagnosed\u0000with grade A of esophagitis according\u0000to Los Angeles scale, 17 with grade B,\u00002 with grade C and none with grade D.\u0000The differences between groups were\u0000assessed using statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients\u0000was 50.2±12.9 years and the mean\u0000BMI was 25.5±4.2 kg/m2. Patients with\u0000BE were older (61.2±12.0 years) than\u0000NERD (48.5±13.6 years); (p=0.028) and\u0000EE (50.4±11.4 years); (p=0.008). BE had\u0000higher BMI (27.0±4.4 kg/m2) as compared\u0000to NERD (24.0±3.3 kg/m2); (p=0.022)\u0000and EE (24.4±3.1 kg/m2); (p=0.048). Hiatal\u0000hernia was more frequent in EE and\u0000BE (79.2% and 90.9%, respectively) as\u0000compared to NERD (45.2%); (p<0.001).\u0000Patients EE and BE more frequently\u0000complained to heartburn (84.9% and\u000072.7%, respectively) than patients with\u0000no mucosal injury (42.9%); (p<0.001).\u0000Sleeping problems were encountered\u0000by patients with higher levels of BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates\u0000that overweight predispose to\u0000esophageal inflammation and increase\u0000the frequency of heartburn and sleep\u0000problems in GERD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35986757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malgorzata Małek-Elikowska, Waldemar Elikowski, Monika Lisiecka, Andrzej Szyszka
{"title":"[Microbiological diagnostics of infective endocarditis in the light of the new guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology with particular focus on the molecular methods].","authors":"Malgorzata Małek-Elikowska, Waldemar Elikowski, Monika Lisiecka, Andrzej Szyszka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors describe the presentday\u0000possibilities of routine and molecular\u0000microbiologic diagnostics of\u0000infective endocarditis (IE). Routine\u0000diagnostics employs automated microbial\u0000growth and biochemical detection\u0000systems. Molecular methods are based\u0000on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u0000and matrix assisted laser desorption/\u0000ionization time of flight mass spectrometry\u0000(MALDI-TOF MS). MALDI-TOF\u0000MS first appeared in the new guidelines\u0000for the management of IE of the European\u0000Society of Cardiology published\u0000in 2015. The greatest benefit of MALDITOF\u0000MS is the short time of pathogen\u0000identification. The main disadvantages\u0000are the necessity of routine agar cultures\u0000and lack of antimicrobial susceptibility\u0000estimation. So far, there\u0000has been no Polish literature report\u0000on MALDI-TOF MS used for pathogen\u0000identification in suspected IE. This may\u0000well result from scarce accessibility of\u0000the method in Poland. The paper aims\u0000to stress the importance of an up-todate\u0000technology in the diagnostics of\u0000difficult, blood culture negative cases\u0000of IE. It also takes into consideration\u0000the limitations of mass spectrometry\u0000in the ESC diagnostic scheme of IE.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36027224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elżbieta Marciszewska, Anna Szaflarska, Anna Pituch-Noworolska
{"title":"[Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) as a manifestation of pulmonary changes in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) – case report].","authors":"Elżbieta Marciszewska, Anna Szaflarska, Anna Pituch-Noworolska","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Common variable immunodeficiency\u0000(CVID) comprise different kinds of\u0000primary hypogammaglobulinemias of\u0000mostly unknown etiology. The onset of\u0000the disease and its clinical symptoms\u0000may appear as well in children as in\u0000adults. Apart from susceptibility to\u0000bacterial, viral and fungal infections,\u0000other clinical signs (autoimmunization,\u0000non-infectious lung and gastrointestinal\u0000diseases, neoplasm) are frequently\u0000observed. About 58% of patients with\u0000CVID develops granulomatous and\u0000lymphocytic interstitial lung disease\u0000(GLILD) associated with early mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36027225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Urinary tract infections in adults].","authors":"Mikolaj Michno, Antoni Sydor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Review of urinary tract infections\u0000in adults including etiology, pathogenesis,\u0000classification and the most\u0000important therapeutic recommendations.\u0000Urinary tract infections are still\u0000a common clinical problem occurring\u0000more often in sexually active women,\u0000pregnancy, elderly , after catherization\u0000of a urinary bladder and urological\u0000surgery as well as in the co-existence\u0000of diabetes or nephrolithiasis. Due to\u0000the anatomical differences, women\u0000suffer more often than men. The main\u0000etiological factor is Escherichia coli,\u0000even though it plays a lesser role in\u0000the complicated infections, than in\u0000non-complicated ones. Apart from that,\u0000the infections may also be caused by\u0000atypical microbes, viruses and fungi.\u0000Relapses as well as reinfections are\u0000typical features of urinary tract infections\u0000and in some cases prolonged\u0000infections can spread from lower to\u0000upper urinary tract contributing to\u0000pyelonephritis, urosepsis or even\u0000death. These long-term infections can\u0000progress in a hidden, insidious, oligosymptomatic\u0000or asymptomatic manner\u0000leading to irreversible, progressive\u0000deterioration of renal function. They\u0000can also mask other diseases such\u0000as tuberculosis or neoplasms of\u0000the urinary tract, which leads to the\u0000delayed diagnosis and treatment.\u0000Diagnosis and treatment of urinary\u0000tract infections is a complex problem,\u0000often requiring specialized procedures\u0000as well as hospitalization. The choice\u0000of a therapy is determined by the type\u0000of infection, general condition, age\u0000and coexisting diseases. Rapid diagnosis\u0000and implementation of proper\u0000pharmacotherapy may shorten the\u0000time of treatment and hospitalization,\u0000preventing serious complications and\u0000reinfections.</p>","PeriodicalId":21148,"journal":{"name":"Przeglad lekarski","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36028315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}