Restorative neurology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Neuroprotective Effects of <i>Moringa Peregrina</i> Leaf Alcoholic Extract on Compression Model of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.","authors":"Mohammad Hassan Tajik, Mohammad-Reza Delnavazi, Maedeh Hashemi, Morteza Gholaminejhad, Neda Ghaffari, Maryam Shabani, AmirMohammad RezaeiRashnoudi, Kobra Mehrania, Gholamreza Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1177/09226028261441206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261441206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage. These factors contribute significantly to the secondary injury phase, exacerbating tissue degeneration and impairing recovery. While many therapeutic approaches focus on reducing these detrimental processes, the use of natural products like <i>Moringa peregrina</i> (M.P), a plant known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, remains underexplored. This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of the alcoholic extract of <i>Moringa peregrina</i> leaves on SCI, evaluating its impact on oxidative stress, inflammation, and both structural and functional recovery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: laminectomy (sham), SCI (injection of saline intraperitoneally for 21 days), and SCI + <i>Moringa peregrina</i> (150 mg/kg of M.P extract injected intraperitoneally for 21 days). Motor function was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale throughout the study period. At 21 days post-injury, we measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], total antioxidant capacity [TAC]), the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18), alongside nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and cresyl violet staining to evaluate neuronal damage and tissue density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraperitoneal administration of <i>Moringa peregrina</i> extract significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18) and the oxidative stress marker MDA, while enhancing the activity of SOD, GPx, CAT, and TAC. These changes were associated with a marked reduction in NF-κB expression. Histological analysis revealed less cellular damage and increased tissue density in the SCI + <i>Moringa peregrina</i> group compared to the SCI group, indicating preserved neuronal structure. Furthermore, motor function recovery was significantly improved in the SCI + <i>Moringa peregrina</i> group, as evidenced by higher BBB scores compared to the untreated SCI group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study demonstrate that the alcoholic extract of <i>Moringa peregrina</i> leaves exerts neuroprotective effects through modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and structural preservation. The improvement in both motor function and spinal cord tissue integrity highlights the potential therapeutic value of <i>Moringa peregrina</i> in the treatment of SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261441206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paretic Hand Beta Band Intermuscular Coherence Increases Following non-Paretic Hand Exercise to Task-Failure in Chronic Stroke.","authors":"Qian Ding, Theresa E McGuirk, Elliott S Perry, Carolynn Patten","doi":"10.1177/09226028261425436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261425436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intermuscular coherence (IMC), especially in the beta band, has been widely used as a non-invasive approach to estimate the strength of corticospinal connectivity. The corticospinal tract is frequently damaged as a result of stroke, which may impair the strength of corticospinal connectivity, particularly that contributing to manual dexterity. Here we investigated acute adaptations in IMC and manual dexterity in fifteen chronic stroke survivors and seven age-matched healthy controls who performed exercise to task-failure with their non-paretic hand (or dominant hand for healthy controls). Dexterity (measured by Box-and-Blocks Test, BBT) and IMC were tested at baseline, following exercise to task-failure, and every 45 min until 4 h after task-failure (7 times in total). At baseline, paretic hand beta and gamma band IMC were significantly reduced in stroke survivors (<i>P</i>'s = 0.006). Additionally, at baseline paretic hand (or non-dominant hand for healthy controls) BBT performance and gamma band IMC revealed significant positive correlations in both stroke survivors (R² = 0.40, <i>P</i> = 0.010) and the whole sample (R² = 0.33, <i>P</i> = 0.005). Paretic hand BBT performance increased immediately and at 225 min after task-failure compared with baseline (<i>P</i>'s = 0.017 and 0.014, respectively). Paretic hand beta band IMC increased immediately and remained significantly elevated at 45 min after task-failure (<i>P</i> = 0.045 and 0.005, respectively) while paretic hand gamma band IMC was increased at 135 min after task-failure (<i>P</i> = 0.051)<b>.</b> Taken together<b>,</b> our results suggest increased strength of corticospinal connectivity to the paretic hand as an acute adaptation to non-paretic hand exercise to task-failure. Concurrent facilitation of paretic hand manual dexterity and strengthened ipsilesional corticospinal connectivity suggests this approach should be explored as a strategy to promote recovery of corticospinal connectivity and paretic hand motor function in neurorehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261425436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinician's Guide to Computer Vision in the Motion Capture Galaxy.","authors":"Theresa E McGuirk, Carolynn Patten","doi":"10.1177/09226028261425437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261425437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In keeping with the topic of this special issue, \"Breakthroughs in Stroke Rehabilitation: Bridging Engineering, Neuroscience, and Motor Control,\" this commentary addresses the recent emergence of computer vision motion capture (CVMC, aka markerless motion capture) with a realistic check-in on its current measurement performance and future utility as a clinical assessment tool. These are heady times. It would be understandable to misinterpret early demonstrations of CVMC in clinical research as a suggestion that this innovative tool is ready for clinical deployment. In reality, benchmarks for CVMC measurements are still being established, and cultivation of targeted clinical practice approaches informed by motion analysis remains aspirational. In this commentary, we reframe the CVMC conversation by first acknowledging the current state of CVMC as a technology still in development. We then consider the path to a long-term goal: targeted stroke rehabilitation in clinical practice informed by the quantification of movement function. In lighthearted spirit, we channel Douglas Adams' book series, \"The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy\" (HG2G; Adams, 1979-1992), providing clinician hitchhikers some recommendations to deftly navigate the CVMC landscape on their intergalactic motion capture travels between lab and clinic. And so, just as Ford Prefect, the friendly alien researcher in the HG2G book series would say to reassure new hitchhikers:\"You just come along with me and have a good time. The Motion Capture Galaxy's a fun place. You'll need to have a fish in your ear.\"- Ford Prefect (adapted from Adams; Book 1, Chapter 5).</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261425437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Advances in Parkinson's Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Experimental Modeling.","authors":"Kaushik Sunder","doi":"10.1177/09226028261436622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261436622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein accumulation. Despite extensive research, there remains a shortage of effective disease-modifying medicines, which is due in part to the failure to translate molecular insights into clinically useful models and diagnostics.ObjectivesThis review will summarize recent developments in the PD pathophysiology and diagnostic, therapeutic and experimental models and will focus on the newer <i>in vivo</i>, <i>in vitro</i> and bioengineered <i>in vivo</i> platforms.MethodsRecent studies on animal models, patient-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) systems, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, neuroimaging, and biomarker discovery have been critically examined to determine their translational potential and limitations.ResultsTraditional animal models are effective at replicating dopaminergic degradation but fall short of fully replicating progressive and systemic elements of Parkinson's disease. iPSC-derived neurons and 3D-bioprinted constructs are more genetically specific and cellularly complex, allowing for patient-relevant modeling and medication screening. Advances in imaging and molecular biomarkers aid in earlier detection; nevertheless, no cross-validation or platform standards has been established.ConclusionCombining cellular, molecular, and bioengineered models with clinical diagnostics has the potential to improve translational accuracy and accelerate the development of disease-modifying treatments. A cross-platform system is critical for improving the predictive validity of preclinical studies in Parkinson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261436622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147729749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Case Series Testing a New Method to Transfer Gains to Daily Life.","authors":"Gitendra Uswatte, Edward Taub, Staci McKay, Brandon S Mitchell, Jason A Blake, Amy Knight, Fedora Biney, Olesya Iosipchuk, Victor W Mark, Chen Lin, Xiaohua Zhou, Karlene Ball","doi":"10.1177/09226028261418261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261418261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case-series piloted a novel cognitive rehabilitation approach, i.e., Constraint-Induced Cognitive Therapy (CICT), for improving Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in stroke survivors with chronic, mild-to-moderate, cognitive impairment. Four consecutively sampled stroke survivors (mean chronicity=18 months, <i>SD</i> = 10) with mild (n = 3) or moderate (n = 1) cognitive impairment received 35 h of CICT. CICT combined two empirically supported approaches: Speed of Processing Training (SOPT) and behavior change techniques from Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) adapted to transfer gains from in-lab cognitive training to daily life. The latter featured IADL training following shaping principles and a suite of behavioral techniques, called the Transfer Package, to promote participation in cognitively-based functional activities outside of the lab. Outcome measures assessed cognitive processing speed (Useful Field of View, UFOV) and IADL performance outside the treatment setting (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, COPM). All three participants with valid UFOV data displayed meaningful improvements after treatment in cognitive processing speed (<i>M</i> = 64%, <i>SD</i> = 40, <i>d'</i>=1.6). All three with COPM data reported meaningful improvements in satisfaction with IADL performance (<i>M</i> = 2.87, <i>SD</i> = 1.5, <i>d'</i>=1.9). Values of <i>d'</i> ≥ 0.57 are large. Per structured interviews developed for this study, the IADL improvements present after treatment lasted for at least a year. These promising findings warrant further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261418261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence from a Narrative Review of Altered Intervention Methods and Behavioral Goals for Children with ASD in Relation to COVID-19.","authors":"Si-Nae Ahn","doi":"10.1177/09226028261430326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261430326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental changes in response to COVID-19 may negatively impact the development, behavior, and mental health of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Thus, it is necessary to investigate the changed behavioral goals provided.This narrative review examined studies that investigated changes in intervention methods and behavioral goals for children with ASD during COVID-19. This study searched five databases and identified ten articles meeting the inclusion criteria. These articles were evaluated for risk of bias and quality of evidence level. Behavioral goals and intervention methods were reviewed.The selected articles included two non-randomized single-group studies, six single-experiment studies, and two case studies. Behavioral goals included mask wearing, social participation and play, and behavioral regulation. Interventions included telehealth, social participation training, play-based sibling intervention, early intensive behavioral, differential reinforcement, and treatment extension for tolerating.This review identifies the need to change in intervention methods and behavioral goals for children with ASD to adapt to environmental changes due to COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261430326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost Devices for Stroke Rehabilitation: A Review of Approaches, Designs, and Evidence.","authors":"Thomas E Augenstein, Chandramouli Krishnan","doi":"10.1177/09226028261423567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261423567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rehabilitation devices are technologies that can automate repetitive features of therapy using force generation elements like motors to render training forces or gamified environments to improve user engagement (<i>e.g.,</i> rehabilitation robots). These devices have received considerable attention from researchers and clinicians over the past several decades as a means to increase dosage of intensive rehabilitation following a stroke. However, the commercial results of these efforts often manifest as highly motorized, expensive, and bulky devices that are unsuitable for the majority of clinical or home environments. Indeed, as access to rehabilitation resources begins to reveal itself as a critical obstacle to recovery for many stroke survivors, it is important for researchers to examine alternative approaches to facilitate device adoption. A handful of researchers have attempted to bridge this gap with increasing success by designing affordable and portable devices for post-stroke rehabilitation. However, the methods employed to lower device cost are quite varied; therefore, a synthesis of these approaches could benefit other researchers. In this review, we discussed the field of rehabilitation robots and provided a review of 37 existing low-cost devices for stroke rehabilitation. These devices engage patients using a variety of actuation methods to produce training forces: Active (controllable actuator that adds or dissipates energy <i>e.g.,</i> motors, stimulators), Passive (uncontrollable actuator that only dissipates energy <i>e.g.,</i> springs, cables), Semi-Passive (controllable actuator that only dissipates energy <i>e.g.,</i> brakes) and Augmented Feedback (no actuator). Following this review, we outline certain unexplored areas of low-cost devices that may be fruitful areas of future exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261423567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147435234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Stroke and Aging on Plantarflexor Strength and Voluntary Activation.","authors":"Danny Shin, Kazandra M Rodriguez, Edward S Claflin, Chandramouli Krishnan","doi":"10.1177/09226028261425424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09226028261425424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plantarflexor strength and voluntary activation are key metrics for characterizing lower extremity function in stroke survivors. However, the extent to which stroke and/or aging affects these neuromuscular properties remains unclear. This study addressed this gap by testing plantarflexor strength and voluntary activation in fifty-two (stroke: 19, older: 15, young: 18) participants. Testing was done bilaterally in stroke survivors and on the dominant leg of the control participants using the central activation ratio (CAR) and interpolated twitch technique (ITT) with triplets. Stroke survivors demonstrated significantly reduced raw and mass-normalized plantarflexor strength on both legs compared with controls, and on their more affected leg compared with the less affected leg (all <i>p's</i> ≤ 0.02). Regardless of technique, voluntary activation was significantly lower only in the more affected leg compared with the less affected leg and control leg (all <i>p's</i> ≤ 0.02). Older adults also demonstrated lower plantarflexor strength (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01), but not voluntary activation, compared with young adults. These findings indicate that both stroke and aging affect plantarflexor strength; however, voluntary activation is only affected by stroke. Additionally, quantification technique influenced voluntary activation estimates, with CAR consistently demonstrating higher activation relative to ITT. Collectively, these findings highlight the need for targeting plantarflexor strength and voluntary activation during post-stroke rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"9226028261425424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Ketogenic Diet as Adjunctive Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.","authors":"Sana Rasheed, Muhammad Uzair, Muhammad Anas, Syeda Sakina Batool Naqvi, Umaima Aijaz, Ahmed Asad Raza, Abedin Samadi","doi":"10.1177/09226028251404071","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09226028251404071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Although disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have shown efficacy in reducing relapse rates, they offer limited benefit in addressing cognitive symptoms and overall disease burden. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high-fat, low-carbohydrate dietary approach, has emerged as a promising adjunctive strategy. Recent research suggests that KD may modulate key inflammatory pathways, enhance mitochondrial function, and reduce oxidative stress through mechanisms involving ketone bodies such as β-hydroxybutyrate. These effects have been linked to improvements in fatigue, cognition, quality of life, and markers of neuronal injury in individuals with MS. Furthermore, KD may positively influence the gut microbiome, insulin sensitivity, and myelin repair processes. Despite encouraging results, challenges such as dietary adherence, nutrient deficiencies, gastrointestinal side effects, and cardiovascular risks limit widespread adoption. Current evidence is largely based on short-term studies with limited diversity and variable dietary protocols. Future research should focus on long-term safety, standardized guidelines, and personalized strategies to better integrate KD into comprehensive MS care.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145725658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-stroke Fatigue and Brain Excitability: An Exploratory TMS Study.","authors":"Hui-Ting Goh, Jill C Stewart, Yu-Chen Chung, Kevin Becker, Ty Shang","doi":"10.1177/09226028251396318","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09226028251396318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between brain excitability indexed using different transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures and post-stroke fatigue (PSF) in individuals with mild to moderate motor impairment. We used single- and paired-pulse TMS to obtain various TMS outcomes from 24 participants with chronic stroke: resting motor threshold (RMT), motor evoked potential amplitude (MEP), Input-Output Curve (IOC) slope, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). IO curve slope (ρ = -0.61, p = 0.02) and SICI (ρ = -0.51, p = .03) measured from the ipsilesional hemisphere correlated with PSF. Other TMS measures were not significantly correlated with PSF measures. Findings suggest that higher levels of fatigue were associated with lower brain excitability. Together with previous studies, our findings suggest that level of motor impairment and the tool used to assess fatigue might influence the relationship between brain excitability and PSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}