Restorative neurology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of active-assisted and active-unassisted robot-mediated upper limb therapy in subacute stroke.","authors":"Ophélie Pila,&nbsp;Typhaine Koeppel,&nbsp;Anne-Gaëlle Grosmaire,&nbsp;Christophe Duret","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper-limb robot-mediated therapy is usually carried out in active-assisted mode because it enables performance of many movements. However, assistance may reduce the patient's own efforts which could limit motor recovery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of active-assisted and active-unassisted robotic interactions on motor recovery in subacute stroke patients with moderate hemiparesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen patients underwent a 6-week combined upper limb program of usual therapy and robotic therapy using either the active-unassisted (n = 8) or active-assisted (n = 6) modes. In the active-assisted group, assistance was only provided for the first 3 weeks (1st period) and was then switched off for the remaining 3 weeks (2nd period). The Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was carried out pre- and post-treatment. The mean number of movements performed and the mean working distance during the 1st and 2nd periods were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FMA score improved post-treatment in both groups with no between-group differences: active-assisted group: +8±6 pts vs active-unassisted group: +10±6 pts (ns). Between the 1st and 2nd periods, there was a statistical trend towards an improvement in the number of movements performed (p = 0.06) in the active-unassisted group (526±253 to 783±434, p = 0.06) but not in the active-assisted group (882±211 to 880±297, ns). Another trend of improvement was found for the working distance in the active-unassisted group (8.7±4.5 to 9.9±4.7, p = 0.09) but not in the active-assisted group (14.0±0 to 13.5±1.1, ns).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The superiority of the non-assistive over assistive robotic modes has not been demonstrated. However, the non-assistive mode did not appear to reduce motor recovery in this population, despite the performance of fewer movements on shorter working distance compared with the group who had assistance. It seems that the requirement of effort could be a determinant factor for recovery in neurorehabilitation however further well-design studies are needed to fully understand this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-201010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38345196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain.","authors":"Michihiro Osumi,&nbsp;Daisuke Shimizu,&nbsp;Yuki Nishi,&nbsp;Shu Morioka","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p < 0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p < 0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 2","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-201132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25447103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of conventional transcranial direct current stimulation devices and electrode sizes on motor cortical excitability of the quadriceps muscle.","authors":"Adam Z Gardi, Amanda K Vogel, Aastha K Dharia, Chandramouli Krishnan","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211210","DOIUrl":"10.3233/RNN-211210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a growing concern among the scientific community that the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are highly variable across studies. The use of different tDCS devices and electrode sizes may contribute to this variability; however, this issue has not been verified experimentally.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effects of tDCS device and electrode size on quadriceps motor cortical excitability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effect of tDCS device and electrode size on quadriceps motor cortical excitability was quantified across a range of TMS intensities using a novel evoked torque approach that has been previously shown to be highly reliable. In experiment 1, anodal tDCS-induced excitability changes were measured in twenty individuals using two devices (Empi and Soterix) on two separate days. In experiment 2, anodal tDCS-induced excitability changes were measured in thirty individuals divided into three groups based on the electrode size. A novel Bayesian approach was used in addition to the classical hypothesis testing during data analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant main or interaction effects, indicating that cortical excitability did not differ between different tDCS devices or electrode sizes. The lack of pre-post time effect in both experiments indicated that cortical excitability was minimally affected by anodal tDCS. Bayesian analyses indicated that the null model was more favored than the main or the interaction effects model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Motor cortical excitability was not altered by anodal tDCS and did not differ by devices or electrode sizes used in the study. Future studies should examine if behavioral outcomes are different based on tDCS device or electrode size.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 5","pages":"379-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8926458/pdf/nihms-1783830.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39525920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation for vision restoration after stroke: An exploratory randomized trial (REVIS).","authors":"Silja Räty,&nbsp;Carolin Borrmann,&nbsp;Giuseppe Granata,&nbsp;Lizbeth Cárdenas-Morales,&nbsp;Ariel Schoenfeld,&nbsp;Michael Sailer,&nbsp;Katri Silvennoinen,&nbsp;Juha Holopainen,&nbsp;Francesca De Rossi,&nbsp;Andrea Antal,&nbsp;Paolo M Rossini,&nbsp;Turgut Tatlisumak,&nbsp;Bernhard A Sabel","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Occipital strokes often cause permanent homonymous hemianopia leading to significant disability. In previous studies, non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NIBS) has improved vision after optic nerve damage and in combination with training after stroke.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We explored different NIBS modalities for rehabilitation of hemianopia after chronic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blinded, sham-controlled, three-armed trial, altogether 56 patients with homonymous hemianopia were recruited. The three experiments were: i) repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS, n = 8) vs. rtACS with prior cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the intact visual cortex (tDCS/rtACS, n = 8) vs. sham (n = 8); ii) rtACS (n = 9) vs. sham (n = 9); and iii) tDCS of the visual cortex (n = 7) vs. sham (n = 7). Visual functions were evaluated before and after the intervention, and after eight weeks follow-up. The primary outcome was change in visual field assessed by high-resolution and standard perimetries. The individual modalities were compared within each experimental arm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primary outcomes in Experiments 1 and 2 were negative. Only significant between-group change was observed in Experiment 3, where tDCS increased visual field of the contralesional eye compared to sham. tDCS/rtACS improved dynamic vision, reading, and visual field of the contralesional eye, but was not superior to other groups. rtACS alone increased foveal sensitivity, but was otherwise ineffective. All trial-related procedures were tolerated well.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory trial showed safety but no main effect of NIBS on vision restoration after stroke. However, tDCS and combined tDCS/rtACS induced improvements in visually guided performance that need to be confirmed in larger-sample trials.NCT01418820 (clinicaltrials.gov).</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 3","pages":"221-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-211198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39149136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of home-based rehabilitation of purposeful activity-based electrical stimulation therapy for chronic stroke survivors: a crossover randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Seigo Minami,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Fukumoto,&nbsp;Ryuji Kobayashi,&nbsp;Hideaki Aoki,&nbsp;Tomoki Aoyama","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this trial we combined the effect of purposeful activity and electrical stimulation therapy (PA-EST) to promote transition of severely hemiparetic upper limb to auxiliary upper limb in chronic stroke survivors in a single-case study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of PA-EST on the upper limb motor function in a crossover randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included eight stroke survivors (age: 63.1±10.9 years) who were receiving home-based visiting occupational therapy. The average time since stroke onset was 8.8±5.6 years. All participants had severely hemiparetic upper limb, with the Fugl-Meyer Assessment upper extremity (FMA-U) score of 21.3±8.5. Participants were randomly assigned to group A or B. Group A received PA-EST for 3 months (phase 1), followed by standard stretching and exercise for 3 months (phase 2), whereas group B had the inverse order of treatments. To avoid carry-over effect, 1-month washout period was provided between the phase 1 and 2. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used for the analysis. The primary outcome was FMA-U, and the secondary outcomes were, Motor Activity Log (MAL; amount of use [AOU] and quality of movement [QOM]), and Goal attainment scale-light (GAS-light).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures-ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between type of intervention and time for FMA-U (F = 16.303, P = 0.005), MAL AOU (F = 7.966, P = 0.026) and QOM (F = 6.408, P = 0.039), and GAS-light (F = 6.905, P = 0.034), where PA-EST was associated with significantly improved motor function and goal achievement compared with standard stretching.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PA-EST may have greater effects than stretch/exercise in the recovery of hand function as reflected in FMA-U, MAL, and GAS-light. Our results suggest that PA-EST is an important and useful home-based rehabilitation program for promoting the use of the severely hemiparetic upper limb in chronic stroke survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 3","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-211157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38908249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tele-rehabilitation of upper-extremity hemiparesis after stroke: Proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of in-home Constraint-Induced Movement therapy.","authors":"Gitendra Uswatte,&nbsp;Edward Taub,&nbsp;Peter Lum,&nbsp;David Brennan,&nbsp;Joydip Barman,&nbsp;Mary H Bowman,&nbsp;Andrea Taylor,&nbsp;Staci McKay,&nbsp;Samantha B Sloman,&nbsp;David M Morris,&nbsp;Victor W Mark","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CIMT) has been deemed efficacious for adults with persistent, mild-to-moderate, post-stroke upper-extremity hemiparesis, CIMT is not available on a widespread clinical basis. Impediments include its cost and travel to multiple therapy appointments. To overcome these barriers, we developed an automated, tele-health form of CIMT.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine whether in-home, tele-health CIMT has outcomes as good as in-clinic, face-to-face CIMT in adults ≥1-year post-stroke with mild-to-moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four stroke patients with chronic upper-arm extremity hemiparesis were randomly assigned to tele-health CIMT (Tele-AutoCITE) or in-lab CIMT. All received 35 hours of treatment. In the tele-health group, an automated, upper-extremity workstation with built-in sensors and video cameras was set-up in participants' homes. Internet-based audio-visual and data links permitted supervision of treatment by a trainer in the lab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten patients in each group completed treatment. All twenty, on average, showed very large improvements immediately afterwards in everyday use of the more-affected arm (mean change on Motor Activity Log Arm Use scale = 2.5 points, p < 0.001, d' = 3.1). After one-year, a large improvement from baseline was still present (mean change = 1.8, p < 0.001, d' = 2). Post-treatment outcomes in the tele-health group were not inferior to those in the in-lab group. Neither were participants' perceptions of satisfaction with and difficulty of the interventions. Although everyday arm use was similar in the two groups after one-year (mean difference = -0.1, 95% CI = -1.3-1.0), reductions in the precision of the estimates of this parameter due to drop-out over follow-up did not permit ruling out that the tele-health group had an inferior long-term outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This proof-of-concept study suggests that Tele-AutoCITE produces immediate benefits that are equivalent to those after in-lab CIMT in stroke survivors with chronic upper-arm extremity hemiparesis. Cost savings possible with this tele-health approach remain to be evaluated.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 4","pages":"303-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39366053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An action-observation/motor-imagery based approach to differentiate disorders of consciousness: what is beneath the tip of the iceberg?","authors":"Antonino Naro,&nbsp;Loris Pignolo,&nbsp;Lucia Francesca Lucca,&nbsp;Rocco Salvatore Calabrò","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The evaluation of motor imagery in persons with prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (pDOC) is a practical approach to differentiate between patients with Minimally Conscious State (MCS) and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome (UWS) and to identify residual awareness even in individuals with UWS. Investigating the influence of motor observation on motor imagery could be helpful in this regard.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to corroborate the clinical diagnosis and identify misdiagnosed individuals, we used EEG recordings, to assess the influence of the low-level perceptual and motoric mechanisms on motor observation on motor imagery, taking into account the role of the high-level cognitive mechanisms in patients with pDOC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the influence of motor observation of walking in first-person or third-person view (by a video provision) on motor imagery of walking in the first-person view on the visual N190 (expression of motor observation processing), the readiness potential (RP) (expressing motor preparation), and the P3 component (high-level cognitive processes) in a sample of 10 persons with MCS, 10 with UWS, and 10 healthy controls (CG). Specifically, the video showed a first-view or third-view walk down the street while the participants were asked to imagine a first-view walking down the street.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CG showed greater N190 response (low-level sensorimotor processing) in the non-matching than in the matching condition. Conversely, the P3 and RP responses (high-level sensorimotor processing) were greater in the matching than in the non-matching condition. Remarkably, 6 out of 10 patients with MCS showed the preservation of both high- and low-level sensorimotor processing. One UWS patient showed responses similar to those six patients, suggesting a preservation of cognitively-mediated sensorimotor processing despite a detrimental motor preparation process. The remaining patients with MCS did not show diversified EEG responses, suggesting limited cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that identifying the low-level visual and high-level motor preparation processes in response to a simple influence of motor observation of motor imagery tasks potentially supports the clinical differential diagnosis of with MCS and UWS. This might help identify UWS patients which were misdiagnosed and who deserve more sophisticated diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 3","pages":"181-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-201130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38908247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptotanshinone reduces neurotoxicity induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury involving modulation of microglial polarization.","authors":"Yanfang Mao,&nbsp;Yang Qu,&nbsp;Qingdong Wang","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diterpenoid cryptotanshinone (CTS) has wide biological functions, including inhibition of tumor growth, inflammation and apoptosis. The present study aimed to explore the possible effect of CTS on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male C57BL/6J mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and murine microglia BV2 cells were challenged by Oxygen/glucose deprivation, to mimic I/R and ischemic/hypoxic and reperfusion (H/R) injury, respectively. CTS was administered 0.5 h (10 mg/kg) after the onset of MCAO or 2 h (20μM) post OGD. Infarct volume and neurological deficit were measured. Immunofluorescence, qPCR, and western blot, were performed to detect the expression of cytokines, apoptotic marker, and M1/M2 phenotype-specific genes. Flow cytometry was applied for M1/M2 subpopulation or Annexin V/PI apoptosis assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CTS significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, neurologic deficit scores, pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), apoptotic protein expression (cleaved caspase-3) of mice after tMCAO challenge. Furthermore, CTS attenuated CD16+ M1-type and elevated CD206+ M2-type microglia in vivo or in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose that the neuroprotective effect of CTS in the I/R or H/R context are explained modulation of microglial polarization, suggesting therapeutic potential for cerebral ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 3","pages":"209-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-201070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39149134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment improves motor function by modulating GABA in acute ischemic stroke patients.","authors":"Qing-Mei Chen,&nbsp;Fei-Rong Yao,&nbsp;Hai-Wei Sun,&nbsp;Zhi-Guo Chen,&nbsp;Jun Ke,&nbsp;Juan Liao,&nbsp;Xiu-Ying Cai,&nbsp;Li-Qiang Yu,&nbsp;Zhen-Yan Wu,&nbsp;Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Xi Pan,&nbsp;Hao-Yu Liu,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Quan-Quan Zhang,&nbsp;Wei-Hua Ling,&nbsp;Qi Fang","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The combination of inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve motor function of stroke patients with undefined mechanism. It has been demonstrated that rTMS exhibits a neuro-modulatory effect by regulating the major inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in other diseases.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effect of combined inhibitory and facilitatory rTMS on GABA in the primary motor cortex (M1) for treating motor dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>44 ischemic stroke patients with motor dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group was stimulated with 10 Hz rTMS at the ipsilesional M1 and 1 Hz rTMS at the contralesional M1. The sham group received bilateral sham stimulation at the motor cortices. The GABA level in the bilateral M1 was measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 24 hours before and after rTMS stimulation. Motor function was measured using the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The clinical assessments were performed before and after rTMS and after 3 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The treatment group exhibited a greater improvement in motor function 24 hours after rTMS compared to the sham group. The increased improvement in motor function lasted for at least 3 months after treatment. Following 4 weeks of rTMS, the GABA level in the ipsilesional M1 of the treatment group was significantly decreased compared to the sham group. Furthermore, the change of FMA score for motor function was negatively correlated to the change of the GABA:Cr ratio. Finally, the effect of rTMS on motor function outcome was partially mediated by GABA level change in response to the treatment (27.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining inhibitory and facilitatory rTMS can decrease the GABA level in M1, which is correlated to the improvement of motor function. Thus, the GABA level in M1 may be a potential biomarker for treatment strategy decisions regarding rTMS neuromodulatory interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 6","pages":"419-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor, sensitive, and vegetative recovery in rats with compressive spinal-cord injury after combined treatment with erythropoietin and whole-body vibration.","authors":"Svenja Rink,&nbsp;Maria Eleni Manthou,&nbsp;Julia Arnold,&nbsp;Merle Grigo,&nbsp;Paulina Dicken,&nbsp;Diana Saad Yousif Abdulla,&nbsp;Habib Bendella,&nbsp;Klaus Nohroudi,&nbsp;Doychin N Angelov","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical therapy with whole body vibration (WBV) following compressive spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats restores density of perisomatic synapses, improves body weight support and leads to a better bladder function. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the combined treatment with WBV plus erythropoietin (EPO) would further improve motor, sensory and vegetative functions after SCI in rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Severe compressive SCI at low thoracic level was followed by a single i.p. injection of 2,5μg (250 IU) human recombinant EPO. Physical therapy with WBV started on 14th day after injury and continued over a 12-week post injury period. Locomotor recovery, sensitivity tests and urinary bladder scores were analysed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after SCI. The closing morphological measurements included lesion volume and numbers of axons in the preserved perilesional neural tissue bridges (PNTB).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Assessment of motor performance sensitivity and bladder function revealed no significant effects of EPO when compared to the control treatments. EPO treatment neither reduced the lesion volume, nor increased the number of axons in PNTB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of WBV + EPO exerts no positive effects on hind limbs motor performance and bladder function after compressive SCI in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 2","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-201120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25389782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}