Restorative neurology and neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"“How learning doesn't work” Children evaluate their cell phone use – An empirical pilot study","authors":"Angelika Supper, G. Teuchert-Noodt","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1016","url":null,"abstract":"In our increasingly digitally organized society, we enjoy great benefits from easier working conditions and the acceleration of developmental processes. Children are expected to be prepared for this and to receive a tablet or cell phone as early as possible. This, however, poses a huge risk because a child’s brain must initially organize itself in an analog fashion. This means that the spatial-modular building of neural networks and the rhythmic timing of brain activities mature very slowly through upbringing and school education to support memory formation and thinking. Once this foundation has been established, a digital workplace will be easily accessible to any young adult. To investigate in more detail the impacts of private cell phone use on the learning abilities of children, we designed a cognitive test that, among other things, measures spatiotemporal abilities and memory performance. A total of 54 third-grade students (aged 8 and 9) were subjected to the testing at an elementary school in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis/Baden Württemberg region from December 2019 to March 2020. The intensity of private cell phone use was measured with a nonverbal method, the evidence-based water glass method. Prior to testing, we evaluated the children’s ability to evaluate themselves with this nonverbal method and designed a lie item, which allowed us to filter out those children who were unable to evaluate themselves. Due to the high data quality, variance analysis was used to analyze the quantified data statistically. The results showed that prefrontal cortex skills such as spatial perception, concentration, and anticipation were significantly poorer in third-graders with heavy cell phone use compared to those with little or no cell phone use. The heavier the cell phone use, the less well developed was their cognitive memory performance if it included a time delay. Furthermore, we observed a significant impact of the intensity of cell phone use on the motivation to go to school. The frequency of sports activities, playing outdoors, friendships, and homework was not significantly affected by cell phone use. The reason for this could be that modern schoolchildren only have rather limited control over the timing of these activities. Overall, the data suggest that other cognitive and emotional-motivational abilities such as spelling and handwriting are also adversely affected by heavy cell phone use. This could be verified by an investigation with a larger sample size. The findings of this pilot study should be a warning: with the digital transformation, our society could cause severe and also irreversible cognitive damage to the young generation. The discussion shows that brain research findings from the past half century provide comprehensive evidence for this","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85383690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements, mechanisms and potential therapy for preventing chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment","authors":"Jie Yin, Yuan-Yuan Han, Dong-Dong Shi","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive impairment following chemotherapy, also called chemobrain, is reducing the life quality of millions of cancer patients. It is urgent to discover therapeutic methods against chemobrain. In fact, neither measurements nor mechanisms are yet to be defined. To discover efficient treatment on chemobrain, in this review, we firstly focus on applications of objective and accurate methods to study the measurement of chemobrain, such as Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Furthermore, we highlight the potential mechanism of chemobrain including neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis and synaptic degeneration. Chemotherapy can induce neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis in brain. Synaptic plasticity also decreased in chemo-agent treated mice. Based on other cognitive impairment diseased, we also engaged in looking for effective treatment on cognitive impairment after chemotherapy in cancer patients. Synaptic repair, stem cell transplantation, Chinese medicine and psychological rehabilitation are all powerful candidates for treating chemobrain.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72527387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting two clinical techniques for diagnosing myasthenia gravis in Covid times: Pointing to semiology","authors":"Alberto Vargas-Cañas, Alejandro Martínez, M. Velásquez, R. Guerrero","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1015","url":null,"abstract":"As it has been evident in these times of the Covid-19 pandemic, the majority of health resources have been focused to the acute treatment, vaccination or research to this condition. By these reasons, some confirmatory complementary tests in many pathologies cannot be made or are postponed, including Myasthenia Gravis. Two clinical neurological signs useful for diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis are revised: the “Curtain Sign” (also called paradoxical ptosis), that is evoked opening the more closed eye, which results in a dropping of the contralateral eyelid; and the Mary-Walker maneuver, which results from repetitive pronation-supination exercise under anaerobic conditions in one or both arms resulting in increasing of bilateral ptosis. The importance of a presumptive early diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis is the early onset of specific treatment even when it’s impossible to carry out complementary studies like single-fiber electromyography, thoracic images, or specific immune studies. .","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89821908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of food seeking behavior in rats of different age","authors":"SV Albertin","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1011","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of juvenile rats to seek food behavior in radial maze with asymmetrical rein-forcement following injection of pharmacological drugs selectively affecting the hippocampal or striatal activity was investigated. It has been shown that the ability of animals to form selective attention on significant sensory signals and the animal efficiency to wait the delayed discrete reinforcement appeared in rats on the different phases of age where hippo-campus and striatum are in competition each to another.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90980340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concussions in Boxers: Head Rotations and Neck Stiffness","authors":"Chiming Huang, Kimber Husak, Vaidyhanathan Vaishnavi, R. Huang","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The human head-and-neck has three degrees of rotational freedom – pitch, roll, and yaw. While the evolution of the head-and-neck mobility may have increased the overall fitness of homo sapiens, our head-and-neck mobility may have also introduced some differential vulnerability to injuries in impact-induced head rotations about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes. Methods and Findings: We examined impact-induced head rotations in boxing matches by analyzing videos. Our objective was to seek a quantitative relationship between impact-induced head kinematics and the knockout outcome. For each of the three rotational degrees of freedom, head angular velocities of impact-induced head rotations were significantly higher in knockout hits than in control hits without a knockout (p < 0.02). Knockout thresholds in pitch-roll-yaw measured as impact-induced head angular velocities were anisotropic with the lowest threshold in roll and became progressively higher in yaw and pitch, in that order. Regardless of the pitch-roll-yaw bearing, the velocities of the striking fists in knockout hits were not significantly higher than those in control hits. Conclusions: Accurate prediction of knockout via head kinematics was possible with pitch-roll-yaw information. Impact-induced head kinematics was strongly influenced by neck stiffness, making a case for the utility of reflexively increasing neck stiffness as an effective way to reduce impact-induced head rotations and concussion risk.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77268026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicare_COV 19: Prospective single-center study on the effectiveness of multidisciplinary medical-psychological support on anxiety, depression, and stress outcomes in caregivers of COVID-19 patients","authors":"M. Tineri, L. Evangelista, S. Parente, G. Angius, M. Mormile, B. Massimiani, M. Mapfumo, C. Fiorucci, M. Lucini, C. Cafariello, U. Ciervo","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1012","url":null,"abstract":"The MULTICARE_COV-19 prospective experimental single-center study was expected to demonstrate whether remote access to a psychologist, in support of the physician in charge, could change the emotional impact of hospitalization both on caregivers, unable to take care of their family members, and on patients, by improving their perception of hospitalization and lessening their levels of anxiety, depression, and stress.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86065225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of combaine administration of L-arginine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the spectrum of free amino acids and biogen amines in hyppocampus of rats undergoing subtotal cerebral ischemia","authors":"Y. Razvodovsky, V. Smirnov, EM Doroshenko, E. Bon, T. Korotkevich, N. Maksimovich, I. Semenenia","doi":"10.33425/2692-7918.1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2692-7918.1013","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in the pool of free amino acids and their derivatives in hippocampus of rats undergoing subtotal cerebral ischemia (SCI) and treated with L-arginine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Experiment was held on 18 rats: 12 animals were undergoing bilateral filament occlusion of arteries carotid, 6 of them L-arginine and omega-3 PUFA was administrated. The drug omega-3 PUFA \"Omegamed\" (at a dose of 5 g/kg of body weight) was injected intragastrically during the week preceding the simulation of SIMG. L-arginine (at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight) was injected intravenously just before ligation of the common carotid arteries. The analyses of free amino acids and their derivates levels in the blood plasma extracts were carried out by reversed phase HPLC. In the hippocampus of rats with SIGM, there was an increase in the levels of histidine, 3-methylhistidine, glutamine, α--aminobutyrate, isoleucine, leucine, valine, as well as a decrease in the levels of threonine, tyrosine, and α--aminoadipic acid. Administration of L-arginine and omega-3 PUFAs prevented ischemia-induced disruption of threonine, histidine, glutamine, α--aminobutyrate, α--aminoadipic acid levels, and also had a corrective effect on the serotonin system of the hippocampus.","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79618086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of low-cost transcranial magnetic stimulation navigation on hotspot targeting and motor evoked potential variability in the biceps brachii.","authors":"Thibault Roumengous,&nbsp;Alec B Reutter,&nbsp;Carrie L Peterson","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can monitor or modulate brain excitability. However, reliability of TMS outcomes depends on consistent coil placement during stimulation. Neuronavigated TMS systems can address this issue, but their cost limits their use outside of specialist research environments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to evaluate the performance of a low-cost navigated TMS approach in improving coil placement consistency and its effect on motor evoked potentials (MEPs) when targeting the biceps brachii at rest and during voluntary contractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a navigated TMS system using a low-cost 3D camera system and open-source software environment programmed using the Unity 3D engine. MEPs were collected from the biceps brachii at rest and during voluntary contractions across two sessions in ten non-disabled individuals. Motor hotspots were recorded and targeted via two conditions: navigated and conventional.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The low-cost navigated TMS system reduced coil orientation error (pitch: 1.18°±1.2°, yaw: 1.99°±1.9°, roll: 1.18°±2.2° with navigation, versus pitch: 3.7°±5.7°, yaw: 3.11°±3.1°, roll: 3.8°±9.1° with conventional). The improvement in coil orientation had no effect on MEP amplitudes and variability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The low-cost system is a suitable alternative to expensive systems in tracking the motor hotspot between sessions and quantifying the error in coil placement when delivering TMS. Biceps MEP variability reflects physiological variability across a range of voluntary efforts, that can be captured equally well with navigated or conventional approaches of coil locating.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 5","pages":"319-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39525918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical exercise increases peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factors in patients with cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Hong Huang,&nbsp;Wenyang Li,&nbsp;Zheng Qin,&nbsp;Hui Shen,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.3233/RNN-201060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-201060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical exercise can improve cognitive dysfunction. Its specific mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have indicated that elevating or peripherally overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) improve cognitive impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether physical exercise improves cognitive performance in patients with cognitive dysfunction, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease (AD), by increasing peripheral BDNF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020 for studies that assayed the changes in peripheral BDNF levels in MCI and AD patients after exercise training.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peripheral BDNF levels were significantly elevated after a single exercise session (SMD = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.150-0.787, P = 0.004) or regular exercise interventions (SMD = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.105-0.731, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that only regular aerobic exercise interventions (SMD = 0.543, 95% CI: 0.038-1.049, P = 0.035) and intervention duration of 16 weeks or greater (SMD = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.154 -0.733, P = 0.003) significantly increased peripheral BDNF levels. Only plasma BDNF levels (SMD = 0.365, 95% CI:0.066-0.664, P = 0.017) were significantly increased after exercise interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute and chronic physical exercises may improve cognitive impairment by increasing peripheral BDNF levels. Aerobic exercises and a longer duration of exercising increased BDNF levels. These findings also suggest that BDNF may be a suitable biomarker for evaluating the effect of exercise in patients with cognitive impairment, such as AD or MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 3","pages":"159-171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/RNN-201060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38908246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural connectivity changes in the motor execution network after stroke rehabilitation.","authors":"Pradeepa Ruwan Wanni Arachchige,&nbsp;Sadhani Karunarathna,&nbsp;Abdul Chalik Meidian,&nbsp;Ryo Ueda,&nbsp;Wataru Uchida,&nbsp;Masahiro Abo,&nbsp;Atsushi Senoo","doi":"10.3233/RNN-211148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-211148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although quite a very few studies have tested structural connectivity changes following an intervention, it reflects only selected key brain regions in the motor network. Thus, the understanding of structural connectivity changes related to the motor recovery process remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated structural connectivity changes of the motor execution network following a combined intervention of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) and intensive occupational therapy (OT) after a stroke using graph theory approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-six stroke patients underwent Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Wolf Motor Function Test-Functional Ability Scale (WMFT-FAS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and T1 weighted imaging before and after the intervention. We examined graph theory measures related to twenty brain regions using structural connectomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ipsilesional and contralesional hemisphere showed structural connectivity changes post-intervention after stroke. We found significantly increased regional centralities and nodal efficiency within the frontal pole and decreased degree centrality and nodal efficiency in the ipsilesional thalamus. Correlations were found between network measures and clinical assessments in the cuneus, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, and putamen of the ipsilesional hemisphere. The contralesional areas such as the caudate, cerebellum, and frontal pole also showed significant correlations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study was helpful to expand the understanding of structural connectivity changes in both hemispheric networks during the motor recovery process following LF-rTMS and intensive OT after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":21130,"journal":{"name":"Restorative neurology and neuroscience","volume":"39 4","pages":"237-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/6c/rnn-39-rnn211148.PMC8543268.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39195346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}