Izvestia of Smolensk State University最新文献_第3页

Anatomical Themes and their Role in B. Pasternak' Works and his Philosophical Conception 解剖学主题及其在 B. 帕斯捷尔纳克作品中的作用及其哲学思想

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-17-29

Alla Radionova

{"title":"Anatomical Themes and their Role in B. Pasternak' Works and his Philosophical Conception","authors":"Alla Radionova","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-17-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-17-29","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study in the article are anatomical themes in the works of B. Pasternak, which have a deep symbolic meaning. The scene in the anatomical theater from the novel «Doctor Zhivago» has its roots in his biography, lyrics, early prose, journalism. This preparatory work provided a broad context for understanding the topic of anatomy and the motive for dissecting drowned women in the context of a philosophical understanding of art, life and human existence, their independence and unity. The formation of the method of «anatomical» world description was influenced by the teachings of Aristotle, Nietzsche and Kierkegaard. The «anatomical» approach assumes that every minute detail of the landscape, every movement of the soul, every image of art show the beauty of the whole. But to comprehend the phenomenon as a whole, you need to see the beauty of the detail. This worldview is expressed not only on the thematic level through the use of anatomical themes, but also on the figurative and motivational when describing landscape and mental-emotional states. This stylistic feature of Pasternak's work can be called a method of poetic anatomization of the phenomena of life.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russia and the Netherlands in the First Half of the 18th Century: the Main Stages of the Development of Bilateral Relations 18 世纪上半叶的俄罗斯与荷兰：双边关系发展的主要阶段

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-198-206

Elena M. Sobko

{"title":"Russia and the Netherlands in the First Half of the 18th Century: \u0000the Main Stages of the Development of Bilateral Relations","authors":"Elena M. Sobko","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-198-206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-198-206","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Russian-Dutch relations in the first half of the 18th century is of interest in terms of studying the process of Russia's entry into the all-European system. This article examines in the context of all-European relations the main features and peculiarities of the development of Russian-Dutch mutual relations during four main stages: the period of the Northern War; 1725–1730; the 30s associated with the War of the Polish succession; the 40s of the 18th century - the period of the War \u0000of the Austrian succession. It turns out that during the Northern War, Russian-Dutch relations changed depending on the international conjuncture and the specifics of the trade policy pursued by Russia. In the first years after the death of Peter I, in 1725–1730, Russian-Dutch diplomatic relations changed due to general changes in Russia's domestic and foreign policy. The revival of 1725–1726 was replaced by the recession of 1727–1730. In the 30s of the 18th century, political, diplomatic and trade relations between Russia and the Netherlands continued to develop, and this happening more often in the context of all-European relations. The latter trend intensified as Russia entered the European system, which found its expression at the next stage of the development of Russian-Dutch relations – during the War of the Austrian Succession. Summing up, we can highlight the following important trend: traditionally focused on trade relations, Russian-Dutch relations are increasingly becoming dependent on the peculiarities of the international situation in Europe, on the balance of power on the international arena.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Perception of the French Policy of «Reunions» in the Second Half of the 17th Century by the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire 神圣罗马帝国皇室对 17 世纪下半叶法国 "统一 "政策的看法

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-183-198

Alexey Khodin

{"title":"The Perception of the French Policy of «Reunions» in the Second Half \u0000of the 17th Century by the Imperial Estates of the Holy Roman Empire","authors":"Alexey Khodin","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-183-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-183-198","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the political position and perception of the Estates of the Holy Roman Empire regarding the French policy of «Reunions» of 1667–1697. The position of Brandenburg, Bavaria, Saxony, Braunschweig-Luneburg, Hesse-Kassel, Munster, Cologne, Trier, Mainz, Palatinate, Baden-Baden, BadenDurlach and Württemberg has been analyzed to varying degrees by the author. \u0000Some attention is paid to attempts to create an alliance among some of the Imperial Estates to resist the expansionist policy of the French king Louis XIV. However, the effectiveness of such alliances was insignificant as an attempt to create \u0000a combat-ready army. \u0000As a result of the study, the author can state that the policy of «Reunions» was generally perceived negatively by the Imperial Estates. A number of officials of the Empire – Brandenburg, Brunswick-Luneburg, Bavaria, Hesse-Kassel and some others had significant financial resources and sufficiently combat-ready \u0000military contingents. This gave them the opportunity not only to fear a French invasion of the Empire, but also to effectively resist it. \u0000Some of them could only temporarily use France to weaken the influence of the emperor. There was an understanding among the German princes that France was a strong absolutist state and being in its zone of influence meant the loss of territorial independence.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vyacheslav Ivanov’s Dionysian-mysterial Plot and his Mystical Anthropology (the Concept of «Thou art»). The First Article 维亚切斯拉夫-伊万诺夫的戴奥尼亚-神秘情节及其神秘人类学（"你是 "的概念）。第一篇

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-4-17

Leonid Kaianidi

{"title":"Vyacheslav Ivanov’s Dionysian-mysterial Plot and his Mystical \u0000Anthropology (the Concept of «Thou art»). The First Article","authors":"Leonid Kaianidi","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-4-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-4-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article «Thou art» is the quintessence of Ivanov’s mystical anthropology. The understanding of this text as a palimpsest in which Christian theology, Sophiology, Gnosticism and Anthroposophy coexist established in the research \u0000literature. But it remains unclear what is the beginning which integrates such diverse semantic layers. Our purpose is to show that such a common denominator is the Dionysian-mysterial plot – a dialectically constructed narrative that goes \u0000back to the orphic myth of Dionysus' tearing. The research material was Ivanov’s poetic, philosophical, scientific and epistolary texts. We used comparative, hermeneutic, structural and semantic methods. In this study, we consider the meaning of the principle «thou art» in Ivanov's works, its genesis and the history of interpretation of Ivanov's mystical anthropology, we define the Dionysian-mysterial plot, describe its structure and analyze the handwritten history of the article «Thou art», which turns out to be directly related to the Dionysian-mysterial plot. \u0000The article «Thou art» has a rich history of interpretation, which, however, suffers from two disadvantages: anti-dialectical static nature and discreteness. To understand the principle of «thou art» we compare it with Ivanov' Dionysianmysterial plot. While analyzing the handwritten history of «Thou art», we show how, at the final stage of work on the text of the article, Ivanov adds several paragraphs in which Dionysian-mysterial motifs are concentrated, thereby emphasizing their significance for his mystical anthropology.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vasily Mikhailovich Vershinin − a Commissar of the Romanov Family and a Chronicler of the Revolution 瓦西里-米哈伊洛维奇-维尔希宁--罗曼诺夫家族的政委和革命的记录者

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-119-135

Natalia Karushkina

{"title":"Vasily Mikhailovich Vershinin − a Commissar of the Romanov Family \u0000and a Chronicler of the Revolution","authors":"Natalia Karushkina","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-119-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-119-135","url":null,"abstract":"Vasily Mikhailovich Vershinin is a little-known participant of the February Revolution in Russia. His activities in 1917 were hardly subjected to research. Meanwhile, Vershinin was a confidant of the leader of the Provisional Government, A.F. Kerensky, also he was appointed three times as a commissar to oversee former members of the Romanov family. For the first time, as a member of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma, on March 7–9, 1917, he accompanied the abdicated Emperor Nicholas II from Mogilev to Tsarskoe Selo. In August, already as a representative of the Provisional Government, Vershinin participated in the relocation of the former tsar's family to Tobolsk. In September, he was appointed a government commissar supervising former members of the Imperial House of Romanov in the Crimea, where the mother of Nicholas II, Maria Feodorovna, his two sisters, \u0000Olga and Xenia, and other members of the royal family were kept under arrest. In addition, V.M. Vershinin is the author and initiator of unique historic documents – the journals of Nicholas II journeys to Tsarskoe Selo and Tobolsk, as well as the \u0000«Protocol of the February Revolution». The «Protocol», the only copy of which Vershinin took into exile, was drawn up by deputies of the State Duma who were eyewitnesses of the events that took place in Petrograd and the Tauride Palace on the first days of the revolution. The article uses previously unpublished archival materials \u0000and corrects historiographic errors","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Anonymous Letter of Warning in Fiction: a Comparative analysis of Translations from English into Russian 小说中的匿名警告信：英译俄比较分析

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-89-103

Alexey Streltsov

{"title":"An Anonymous Letter of Warning in Fiction: a Comparative analysis of Translations from English into Russian","authors":"Alexey Streltsov","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-89-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-89-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with a letter, that doesn’t bear the name of the sender, and which is given in a work of fiction for the sake of plot development and creating suspence in particular. This kind of inserted texts so far has not been covered by either linguistic or literary scholars, which specifies the novelty in this research. The peculiarities of an anonymous letter, that bears a warning – the \u0000most frequent kind in both Russian and English literature – have been made clear. We have studied eight translations of a small-size text from the novel «Adventures of Huckleberry Finn» by Mark Twain into the Russian language, made from the late XIXth up to the early XXIst century. Such fiction text fragments are \u0000comprehensible by themselves and, therefore, ideal for comparative analysis of translations. We have determined considerable variations in translation of separate words and combinations, and relative congruity of simple sentences. The \u0000latter can either be explained by the same syntactical structure and observance of language and speech norms, or by the awareness of the previous works. \u0000Our results can be used by those, who study the rules of translaing fiction, detective and adventure fiction in particular.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Crossword Puzzle as a Type of Text 作为一种文本类型的填字游戏

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-39-51

Larisa Njubina

引用次数: 0

The Semantics of Prussian Weapon Décor 普鲁士武器装饰的语义学

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-161-173

Vladimir Kulakov

{"title":"The Semantics of Prussian Weapon Décor","authors":"Vladimir Kulakov","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-161-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-161-173","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed article reveals the principles of the semantics of the decor that adorned the weapons of the Prussians mainly in the Viking Age.The conclusions are: \u00001. In Roman times, the Aestii, the ancestors of the Prussians, provided the blades of their combat knives with carvings, apparently designed to enhance the real power of this weapon in a mystical way. Triangular figures filled with vertical hollows are also presented on Prussian daggers, but their semantic meaning is not clear. \u00002. At the end of the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, the Prussians, under the influence of German and Avar swords, create their single-edged blades («long sax» type), the scabbard of which is decorated with silver plates with a basmen pattern. The details of this pattern − stripes of figures of the Kegelkönig type – may \u0000have a protective value and are associated with the cult of Perkūnas. \u00003. In the Viking Age, individual swords found in Prussian military graves have a semantically significant decor associated with the function of mystical amplification of the power of these weapons. True, they were produced outside the land of the Prussians. Swords of the Kazakevičius Desiukiškių type with images of sacrificial goats can be considered the only local in origin. \u00004. In the XI century Prussian craftsmen furnish spear and javelin bushings with flame-like decor, possibly related to «military magic». By the end of the XI century jewelers simplify their creations and decorate spear sleeves with silver foil forged with \u0000horizontal strips of copper/bronze wire. This ornament is purely decorative. \u00005. In pre-Orden times, individual specimens of lop-butted axes are decorated with figurines of sacrificial goats. This is a sign that these axes, being actually not military weapons, belong to sacrificial ceremonies held in Prussian communities by \u0000priests or leaders.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The German Loan to the USSR in Bilateral Negotiations and from the Position of the Western Powers 双边谈判中的德国对苏联贷款以及西方列强的立场

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-135-145

Maria Trusova

引用次数: 0

Reflection of Chinese Cultural Realities in the Modern Russian Language in the Paradigm of Subject and Semantic Correspondences 现代俄语在主语和语义对应范式中反映中国文化现实

Izvestia of Smolensk State University Pub Date : 2023-12-19 DOI: 10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-51-63

Ying Sui

{"title":"Reflection of Chinese Cultural Realities in the Modern Russian Language in the Paradigm of Subject and Semantic Correspondences","authors":"Ying Sui","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-51-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-51-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the importance of language and culture interaction, the linguistic and cultural characteristics as features of the languages belonging to various linguistic macrogroups (Russian as part of Indo-European, Chinese as part of Sino-Tibetan). The paper highlights the importance of translation in the interaction of linguistic cultures; the difficulties that can be encountered in interpreting the realities of another culture are indicated, which is due to both the peculiarities of the lexical and grammatical structure of the source and translating languages, and the peculiarities associated with the traditional culture of the language community. \u0000The component of the meaning of the real words of the Russian and Chinese languages with different semantic structures is part of the denotative macro component of the lexical meaning of the word. The national-cultural component of words with different degrees of differentiation of concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages is included in the significative macro component of their lexical meaning, and its content consists of differential semes of the significative macro component. The national-cultural component of the lexical meaning of words of corresponding languages with a mismatched internal form is the semes of the denotative macro component. Russian linguoculture should take into account the specifics of the Russian language, and in cases where the realities are completely alien to Russian national and cultural ideas, the necessary historical and other comments are tobe given. It should be noted that recently, due to the intensification of national-cultural and economic contacts, a great number of words (including national-specific realities) from the Chinese language have been penetrating into the Russian language, which requires separate linguistic research.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138960046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0