Reflection of Chinese Cultural Realities in the Modern Russian Language in the Paradigm of Subject and Semantic Correspondences

The article deals with the importance of language and culture interaction, the linguistic and cultural characteristics as features of the languages belonging to various linguistic macrogroups (Russian as part of Indo-European, Chinese as part of Sino-Tibetan). The paper highlights the importance of translation in the interaction of linguistic cultures; the difficulties that can be encountered in interpreting the realities of another culture are indicated, which is due to both the peculiarities of the lexical and grammatical structure of the source and translating languages, and the peculiarities associated with the traditional culture of the language community. The component of the meaning of the real words of the Russian and Chinese languages with different semantic structures is part of the denotative macro component of the lexical meaning of the word. The national-cultural component of words with different degrees of differentiation of concepts in the Russian and Chinese languages is included in the significative macro component of their lexical meaning, and its content consists of differential semes of the significative macro component. The national-cultural component of the lexical meaning of words of corresponding languages with a mismatched internal form is the semes of the denotative macro component. Russian linguoculture should take into account the specifics of the Russian language, and in cases where the realities are completely alien to Russian national and cultural ideas, the necessary historical and other comments are tobe given. It should be noted that recently, due to the intensification of national-cultural and economic contacts, a great number of words (including national-specific realities) from the Chinese language have been penetrating into the Russian language, which requires separate linguistic research.