Izvestia of Smolensk State University最新文献

{"title":"Verbal Means Expressing a Negative Assessment Used to Create a Negative Image of J. Biden in the US Oppositional Political Discourse","authors":"Ekaterina Antyukhova, Yulia Karaulova","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-76-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-76-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of verbal means expressing a negative assessment used to create a negative image of J. Biden in the US oppositional political discourse. The definition of assessment and assessment act is given, its structure is \u0000determined. The main signs and features of the oppositional political discourse are described. The evaluative structures of the negative assessment type used by the leading US opposition journalists M. Kelly and T. Carlson are analyzed. In the course of \u0000the analysis, it was found out that a negative assessment in the oppositional political discourse is expressed by multi-level linguistic means, which are either accurately \u0000explicated in the language or contextually conditioned, that is, they are rendered mainly connotatively. With the help of these means, one of the main strategies of the oppositional political discourse is implemented - the strategy of downgrading, that \u0000is, the creation of an anti-image of a political figure. The speech tactics that ensure the success of the implementation of this strategy include the tactics of negative analysis, accusations, denunciations, discrediting, mockery, and others. The explicit \u0000means creating a negative assessment include the use of expressive vocabulary with a pronounced seme of a negative assessment, the use of amplifying discursive elements (expressives), the use of morphemes, lexemes and syntactic structures with negative semantics, the use of various invective verbal means. Implicit means, where a negative assessment is generated under the influence of the context, include the use of expressive syntax (interrogative and exclamatory sentences, short sentences, sentences built on the principle of antithesis), the use of metaphors, including extended ones, irony and sarcasm, lexical units subjected to pejoratization in a certain context, depersonification (reverse personification). The combination of these verbal means enhances the illocutionary and perlocutionary effects and leads to the creation of an anti-image of a political figure, which is one of the main goals of the oppositional political discourse.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prisoners of the Great Army in the Smolensk Province in 1812–1814","authors":"Sergey Khomchenko","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-104-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-104-118","url":null,"abstract":"During the Patriotic War of 1812, a significant number of military personnel of Napoleon’s Great Army were captured on the territory of the Smolensk province. Many of them later lived here until the summer of 1813, after that they were transferred deeper into Russia. Later, other parties of prisoners of war were transported through the province, both to the east and, after liberation, and in the opposite direction. Some of the prisoners wished to accept Russian citizenship and connect \u0000their future fate with our country. Previous studies on this topic were based mainly on materials from the State Archives of the Smolensk Region. In this work, the source base is expanded to include documents from the Russian State Historical Archive and \u0000memoirs. The article clarifies the number of prisoners of war who were in the Smolensk province in 1812–1814, their ethnic composition, besides it deals with the conditions of their detention, their acceptance of citizenship, and memories of their time in captivity in the Smolensk province.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Battle of Smolensk in 1941 in Soviet and Modern Historiography","authors":"Kirill Andreev","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-145-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-63-3-145-161","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the state of historiography of the Battle of Smolensk in \u00001941. Although this issue has already been studied in Soviet historiography, a number of new studies have been published over the past two decades, and the active use \u0000of previously closed archival documents, both Soviet and German, has begun. Photographic materials have become an important source of studying the battle. The author paid special attention to the analysis of the works of recent years. It was revealed \u0000that in modern historiography several approaches to the assessment of the Battle of Smolensk have been portrayed. This is an exaggeration of the successes of the German troops, and, consequently, emphasizing the shortcomings and blunders of the \u0000Soviet command, and even distorting individual episodes of events. This is especially true for works of a popular nature, and especially affecting the younger generation. At the same time, there were works whose authors strive to maintain objectivity while assessing events. A special issue in modern historiography is the question of the price that the Soviet people paid in order at least to suspend the offensive of German troops in the most important – Moscow strategic direction.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Establishment of the Practice of Royal Visits to the Colonies of Great Britain: Background for the First Official Tour \u0000of the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860","authors":"Ekaterina Velichko","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-197-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-197-210","url":null,"abstract":"The article regards the background of the first official visit of a member of the royal family to the colonial possessions of the British Empire – the tour of the Prince of Wales to Canada in 1860. The purpose of the analysis is to trace how the history of the emergence and development of the idea of traveling the heir \u0000to the British throne to Canada reflected the evolution of the views of the British and colonial politicianson of the Empire building and its perspectives. It is proved that the initiative of the royal journey,coming from the Canadian administration \u0000and supported by the British government,was aimed at strengthening ties between the mother country and the colony and solving pragmatic problems on both sides.The obtained results allow us to conclude that the project of the first official \u0000royal tour to overseas territories of Britain, being a product of the thought of the colonial society, indicated the mutual desire of the administration of Britain and Canada to find a balance of interests between the mother country and the colony in the process of updating forms and methods of colonial interaction and constructing the course of imperial policy.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pragmatic Semantics in Football Fans’ «Banner» Communication \u0000in the German Language","authors":"R. Belyutin","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-84-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-84-95","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with utterances of German football fans written on banners used by them during matches as a means of communication. Football fans’ discourse is a distinctive linguistic semiotic form that reflexes the world view of representatives \u0000of this subculture. Despite the diversity of discourses it intersects with and a variety of concepts it exchanges with, it is the fan communication that provides the sports discourse with uniqueness and allows us to regard it as an integral part of the sports linguistic view of the world. Football fans’ discourse is formed by a number of subdiscourses, the so-called banner communication is one of them, possessing a prominent \u0000perlocutionary effect. The classification of utterances is based upon the theory of speech acts by J. Austin and G. Searle, but it also takes into consideration the latest achievements in this field as well as contemporary principles of pragmatic semantics. \u0000The article reveals the most effective techniques and mechanisms of building utterances to achieve the required pragmatic effect (metaphor, play on words, precedence, etc.),","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the Question of Correlation between the Categories of Evidentiality and Epistemological Modality","authors":"Anna Vorontsova, Tatiana Vorontsova","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-73-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-73-83","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of interconnection and interaction of such linguistic phenomena as the categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality. In the article descriptive and comparative methods of the analysis are used. The categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality are intensively studied by \u0000Russian and foreign scientists. One of the first definitions of evidentiality belongs to a famous scientist R. Jakobson. Many Russian and foreign scientists study peculiarities of functioning of these categories in different languages, the forms of their presentation. There are many strategies of investigating the problem of correlation of the categories of evidentiality and epistemic modality and we came to the conclusion that these categories are so closely connected with each other that \u0000they shouldn’t be studied as separate linguistic phenomena.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Motif of Mental Illness in the Works of M. Pantyukhov (1880–1910) and А. Mire (1874–1913)","authors":"Sofia Kudritskaya","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-15-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-15-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the motif of mental illness in the works of two littleknown writers of the late XIX – early XX centuries: M.I. Pantyukhov (1880 –1910) and A. Mire (1874–1913). Pantyukhov's novella «The Silence and The Old Man» and Mire’s short stories «The Insane», «At Bicêtre» and drama «The Defeated» \u0000were analyzed. These works were selected as they all are characterized by the motif of mental illness and psychological dissonance. The aim of the analysis was to study the characters showing symptoms of a mental disorder and determine \u0000their function in the narrative. Having a long history, the mad hero type became peculiarly popular in the Russian literature of the named period as those texts reflected the perturbations of the turning stage of the history and a crisis state of \u0000people’s minds those processes led to. \u0000The problem of madness was addressed by both key writers and obscure authors. The writers under study might be interested in that topic because of their personal lives, too: both of them suffered from mental disorders and happened to be patients at a hospital. Paradoxically, despite their addled minds, Pantukhov’s and Mire’s characters grasp the truths which are unobtainable for mentally healthy people and, due to this, become social malady denouncers and – sometimes – moral crusaders. Apart from having a specific, «sick» view of life, mad heroes are extremely \u0000vulnerable which makes them victims unable to resist the cruelty of life.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Supply of Captured Non-Commissioned Officers and Enlisted Men in Russia and Western Countries in the XVIIIth Century","authors":"Vitaliy Poznakhirev","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-123-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-123-137","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to reconstruct the procedure for providing food to \u0000military personnel of various nationalities captured in the wars of the XVIII century. \u0000The object of the article is prisoners interned in Russia, Austria, England, France, \u0000Prussia, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. The absence of such works in both domestic and \u0000foreign historiography indicates the novelty of the work, and its relevance is due to \u0000the fact that it allows us to expand and clarify our ideas about the place of Russia in \u0000the world in the early modern period. In the process of investigation, mainly historical-typological and historical-comparative method were used. The source base of the \u0000article consists of works published mainly abroad, and documents from six archives \u0000of the former USSR. In the course of the study, three key Western European models \u0000of food supply for prisoners were identified. The genesis and evolution of the corresponding Russian model are studied step by step. The article shows that the basis of \u0000the Russian model was based on the principle of equality of food provision for prisoners of war and Russian soldiers of the garrison troops. The article emphasizes that \u0000the Russian model was a synthesis of domestic and foreign experience and retained \u0000the best features from the practice of the Moscow state of the XVI–XVII centuries. \u0000The article proves that in terms of the quantity and assortment of food products released to prisoners (36 kg of bread and 2–3 kg of cereals per month), Russia surpassed any other European country until the middle of the XVIII century and only with the beginning of the Seven Years' War of 1756–1763 was inferior to the leadership of Great Britain and France (and even then only in terms of the assortment). According to the author, the Russian model of prisoners' nutrition was highly effective and could be easily adapted to any situation, including the ethnic and confessional characteristics of individual groups of prisoners of war.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legends about Prusian Cities","authors":"Vladimir Kulakov","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-183-197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-183-197","url":null,"abstract":"The Prussian settlements contain archaeological information that can be enriched with data from folk legends about these fortified settlements. In the proposed article, several legends of Sambia (the Kaliningrad peninsula of the Kaliningrad region) are selected, the analysis of which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: in the names of the settlements there are rudiments of the Prussian language, which disappeared from local use in the beginning of the 18th century . In the array of legends about the Prussian settlements, some of which arose already in the 17th century, there are several sorts / types of texts. They have both local, Prussian, and external, Germanic origin. Some of the legends of Sambia are an echo of finds made not earlier than the time of the order on the sites of settlements or near them (treasures, individual valuable artifacts, sacrificial stones, etc.). Indirectly, this indicates that the authors of the legends and their narrators reported that the settlements were once the habitats of the local population. All of the above allows us to consider the legends about the Prussian settlements of Sambia as a special, but, nevertheless, interesting and important source of the settlement history of the center of the Prussian tribal area.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the «Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian language» by V.I. Dahl and the Chinese «Kangxi Dictionary»","authors":"Ling Li","doi":"10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-59-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2023-62-59-72","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of study in the presented work is a comparative analysis of explanatory dictionaries of Russian and Chinese languages based on the material of the «Explanatory Dictionary of the living Great Russian language» by V.I. Dahl and the Chinese «Kangxi Dictionary». The purpose of the analysis is to clarify the similarities and differences in the nature of the explanation of the meaning of words and to compile the structure of explanatory dictionaries in the Russian and Chinese lexicographic tradition. \u0000The study was conducted using a descriptive and comparative method, based on a comparative analysis of the structure and presentation of information in the dictionary entry of the dictionaries under study. \u0000The obtained conclusions allow us to note the similarities between the Russian and Chinese explanatory dictionary: 1) when explaining the meaning of a word, both dictionaries use the same (or similar) methods; 2) the structure of both dictionaries reflects the formal semantic connections between words; 3) both dictionaries \u0000in the process of interpreting words provide information of an ethnographic and linguocultural nature; 4) both Russian and Chinese explanatory dictionaries approach a dictionary of a combined type. The paper notes important differences in the structure of the alphabetic and hieroglyphic dictionary, in the nature of the dictionary information provided. \u0000The results of the research conducted in this article can be used in research and teaching activities related to the study of the lexicography of the Russian and Chinese languages.","PeriodicalId":211127,"journal":{"name":"Izvestia of Smolensk State University","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}