Research in veterinary science最新文献

{"title":"Minimally invasive glove port hernioscopy in a female dog with an intermittent hernia and abdominal mass: A case report","authors":"Catherine Konrad Nava Calva ,&nbsp;Amanda Oliveira Paraguassú ,&nbsp;Anna Vitória Hörbe ,&nbsp;Felipe Auatt Batista de Sousa ,&nbsp;Otávio Henrique de Melo Schiefler ,&nbsp;Layla de Jesus Neri Cerqueira ,&nbsp;Luna Silvestri Souto ,&nbsp;Felipe Augusto Ruiz Sueiro ,&nbsp;Andrigo Barboza de Nardi ,&nbsp;Maurício Veloso Brun","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Minimally invasive surgery in small animals is constantly advancing, reducing tissue trauma, and improving diagnostic accuracy. This report documented the first use of hernioscopy associated with the glove port technique in a female dog with an partially reducible inguinal hernia. The 11-year-old patient exhibited a right inguinal swelling containing intestinal loops, concomitant with a extensive cystic intra-abdominal mass. An exploratory laparoscopy was performed through the inguinal hernia utilizing the glove port technique to establish multiport access without muscle wall incision. This method minimized tissue trauma and enabled comprehensive evaluation of the abdominal cavity, as well as partial mass resection. The procedure offered palliative benefits and introduced a novel application of laparoscopy for managing inguinal hernias in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of alternative buffers for the transport and detection of Moraxella bovis and M. bovoculi on cotton wool swabs","authors":"Louis H. Maartens ,&nbsp;Bruce Gummow ,&nbsp;John D. Grewar ,&nbsp;Peter N. Thompson ,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Picard","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine keratoconjunctivitis is a globally important inflammatory condition affecting the eyes of cattle. The reliable detection of <em>Moraxella bovis</em> and <em>M. bovoculi</em> on conjunctival specimens is crucial for observational studies aiming to unravel the complex epidemiology of this disease. The stability of <em>Moraxella</em> DNA was evaluated in three experiments using cotton wool swabs spiked with varying concentrations of sample suspensions and submitted either with or without DNA stabilizers. Swabs were subjected to different storage temperatures (4 °C or 25 °C), and DNA was extracted at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h using an automated system, followed by qPCR analysis. DNA from both species remained detectable on damp cotton-wool swabs under all conditions, indicating resilience to transport delays and cold-chain interruptions. Although MagNA Pure Bacteria Lysis Buffer and MagNA Pure DNA Tissue Lysis Buffer provided acceptable stabilization, specimen submission without stabilizers was analytically more sensitive, detecting <em>Moraxella</em> DNA at higher dilutions and yielding higher inferred DNA concentrations (lower Cq values). These results indicate that <em>Moraxella</em> specimens can be packaged for transport without stabilizing buffers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluated the immune efficacy of a bivalent inactivated vaccine against post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine","authors":"Jianli Shi ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wu ,&nbsp;Yongming Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Li ,&nbsp;Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PMWS and MPS are severe respiratory diseases in piglets, causing developmental disorders and significant economic losses. The conventional approach to control these diseases relies on separate immunization with individual vaccines, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and may induce stress reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune efficacy of a bivalent inactivated vaccine containing the clinically isolated Mhp Q strain and purified PCV2 Cap VLPs. Thirty-five Changbai piglets were randomly divided into seven groups (<em>n</em> = 5, per group): A (bivalent inactivated vaccine with PCV2 challenged), B (bivalent inactivated vaccine with Mhp challenged), C (commercial PCV2 vaccine with PCV2 challenged), D (commercial Mps vaccine with Mhp challenged), E (sham-vaccinated with PCV2 challenged), F (sham-vaccinated with Mhp challenged), and G (sham-vaccinated with sham challenged). The immune efficacy results demonstrated that 5/5 protection with bivalent inactivated vaccine and 4/5 protection with commercial vaccine against PCV2 challenge, which was consistent with the serology results. The pneumonia lesion scores result demonstrated that the immune protection effect provided by the bivalent inactivated vaccine was comparable to that of the commercial Mps vaccines. Furthermore, the overall clinical trial results indicated that the bivalent inactivated vaccine was safe and controllable, with no adverse reactions observed in both age-matched and non-age-matched pigs. Following immunization, the pigs exhibited significant resistance to infections with both PCV2 and Mhp, reflecting a robust immunoprotective capacity. Collectively, these results support the bivalent inactivated vaccine as a safe and effective strategy for preventing and controlling PMWS and MPS, with promising potential for further clinical development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106076"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary phthalate metabolite concentrations in the hair of dairy cows in Kyrgyzstan","authors":"Slawomir Gonkowski ,&nbsp;Nariste Kadyralieva ,&nbsp;Elena Vakonaki ,&nbsp;Thomas Lamprakis ,&nbsp;Manolis Tzatzarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phthalates are commonly used in industry, contaminating the environment and harming living organisms. However, there is very limited information regarding farm animal exposure to these chemicals. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the levels of primary phthalate metabolites (monomethyl phthalate - MMP, monoethyl phthalate - MEP, mono-isobutyl phthalate - MiBP, monobutyl phthalate - MBP, monobenzyl phthalate - MBzP, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate - MCHP and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - MEHP) in dairy cows' hair. Hair samples were collected from dairy cows bred in three regions of Kyrgyzstan. Phthalate metabolite levels were analysed using the liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method.</div><div>Phthalate metabolites were detected in dairy cow hair. MEHP was the most frequently observed (in 70.8% of samples), with a mean concentration (±standard deviation) of 27.3 ± 27.8 pg/mg. MiBP and MBP were found less frequently (in 60.4% of samples), with mean concentrations of 50.7 ± 103.9 pg/mg and 18.8 ± 31.7 pg/mg, respectively. MMP and MBzP were noted in 15% and 2.1% of the samples, respectively, and their mean concentrations were below the limit of detection (LOD). MEP and MCHP were not observed in hair samples in this study. Statistically significant differences in MEHP levels were noted between the regions included in the study.</div><div>The study has demonstrated that hair analysis is a suitable method for biomonitoring phthalates in cow's hair. Moreover, it has been shown that dairy cows in Kyrgyzstan are primarily exposed to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-isobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate, which are the parent substances of MEHP, MiBP, and MBP, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106074"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenylalanine as a biomarker of disease in animals: Current evidence and future perspectives","authors":"James Mettam ,&nbsp;Nauman Zaheer Ghumman ,&nbsp;Bao-Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Henry Annandale ,&nbsp;Jully Gogoi-Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenylalanine (Phe), an essential aromatic amino acid, is emerging as a potential biomarker of metabolic and health status in animals. Altered Phe concentrations reflect changes in metabolic, inflammatory, and disease processes. In companion animals, shifts in serum or biofluid Phe have been linked to hepatopathies, inflammatory enteropathies, and neoplastic conditions. In livestock, variations in milk or serum Phe accompany mastitis, metabolic stress, lameness, and other production-related disorders. Evidence for cats, horses, poultry, and aquaculture species remains limited. Interpretation is complicated by analytical variability, small sample sizes, and confounding factors such as diet, stress, and microbiome composition.</div><div>Non-invasive sampling of milk, urine, saliva, and breath, shows promise for Phe monitoring across animal species. Advances in multi-omics, particularly metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiome analyses, can clarify mechanisms and support development of composite biomarker panels. This review evaluates current evidence on Phe as a biomarker across species, highlights gaps in research coverage and methodology, and outlines priorities for future work. Expanding studies to underrepresented species, standardizing measurement protocols, and conducting longitudinal research. Addressing these priorities is essential to establish Phe as a robust biomarker, for veterinary diagnostics, health monitoring, and the optimization of animal welfare and production systems.</div></div><div><h3>Short summary</h3><div>This review looks at phenylalanine (Phe), an amino acid, as a possible health indicator in animals. Changes in Phe levels may show problems with metabolism, inflammation, or disease. Evidence is strongest for dogs and dairy cows, but limited for cats, horses, poultry, and fish. Results vary due to measurement methods and other factors. Future studies should standardize testing, include more species, and combine methods to improve Phe's usefulness in monitoring animal health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiparasitic practices in Portuguese animal shelters: A survey of veterinarians","authors":"Ana Luísa Martins ,&nbsp;Joana Mourão ,&nbsp;Irina Amorim ,&nbsp;Luís Cardoso ,&nbsp;João Rodrigo Mesquita","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal shelters often operate under significant resource constraints while caring for large populations of dogs and cats, many of whom are affected by parasitic infections that impact animal health and pose zoonotic risks. These limitations hinder the implementation of standardized, evidence-based parasite control protocols. This study surveyed veterinarians working in Portuguese shelters to describe current antiparasitic treatment practices and identify key limitations. A structured questionnaire was distributed to veterinarians in shelters or kennels affiliated with ICBAS, University of Porto, collecting data on animal populations, location, diagnostic testing, and antiparasitic drug use. A total of 41 responses were analysed. Additionally, a cost analysis was performed using 2024 wholesale antiparasitic treatment prices, based on average weights (20 kg dogs, 5 kg cats). Commercially available products were reviewed for active ingredients, target parasites, and cost per treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses; no inferential analyses were performed given the limited sample size. Ectoparasiticides were the most frequently used treatments, followed by broad-spectrum nematocides and cestocides. Only 12% of shelters reported conducting diagnostic testing prior to treatment. Drug selection was primarily influenced by cost and perceived efficacy. Commonly used compounds included praziquantel, pyrantel, fipronil, fenbendazole, and milbemycin oxime, several of which have reported resistance in parasite populations. Treatment costs ranged from €0.82 to €219 per dose for 20 kg dogs and €0.73 to €34.84 for 5 kg cats. The limited use of diagnostics and reliance on broad-spectrum drugs reflect a reactive rather than preventative approach. Findings underscore the need for improved diagnostic protocols and strategic drug selection to enhance parasite control and animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"202 ","pages":"Article 106073"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146039302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory gut immune modulation induced by direct-fed endospores of bacteriostatic lipopeptide-producing Bacillus velezensis MFF 2.2 and B. subtilis TC12 in BALB/c mice: A first step toward a probiotic additive to prevent post-weaning diarrhea.","authors":"Ana Lucía Di Giácomo ,&nbsp;Lorena Nadia Azcurra ,&nbsp;Gisela Romina García ,&nbsp;José María Raviolo ,&nbsp;María Carolina Grosso ,&nbsp;Cecilia Ana Dogi ,&nbsp;María Laura González Pereyra","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.106038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restrictions on the use of antibiotic growth promoters and the increasing pressure to reduce prophylactic antibiotic use due to rising antimicrobial resistance have intensified the need for safer strategies to prevent post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in swine. Probiotic <em>Bacillus</em> strains represent a promising alternative because of their resilience, stability, and capacity to modulate gut microbial and immune responses. This study assessed the safety and immunomodulatory effects of endospores from <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> MFF 2.2 and <em>B. subtilis</em> TC 12 in a mouse model, as an initial screening step before conducting trials in the target species. Mice (<em>n</em> = 6 per group) received a daily oral dose of 10⁸ CFU/ml for 10 consecutive days, or saline as control. No signs of toxicity or histopathological alterations were observed. In the small intestine, goblet cell counts and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers did not differ significantly from controls, and no increases in TNF-α or IFN-γ were detected. However, treated mice showed a significant rise in IL-10 and in the IL-10/IFN-γ ratio. Previous studies demonstrated that lipopeptide extracts (LPE) from MFF 2.2 exert anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects against PWD-associated pathogens. Based on the modest anti-inflammatory response elicited by the endospores, a combined endospore + LPE formulation appears to be the most suitable candidate for future evaluation in swine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145834697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic evaluation of a recombinant chimeric Sporothrix brasiliensis protein-based ELISA for serological detection of feline sporotrichosis","authors":"Débora Matilde de Almeida ,&nbsp;Laura de Vargas Maiocchi ,&nbsp;Natasha Rodrigues de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Camila Moura de Lima ,&nbsp;Martha Bravo Cruz Piñeiro ,&nbsp;Gabriela Ladeira Sanzo ,&nbsp;Tatiélen Hernandez Severo ,&nbsp;Odir Antonio Dellagostin ,&nbsp;Marcia de Oliveira Nobre ,&nbsp;Sérgio Jorge","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic infection caused by fungi of the <em>Sporothrix schenkii</em> complex, with <em>S. brasiliensis</em> being the most prevalent etiological agent in animals, particularly cats. Felines are highly susceptible to infection and may develop severe clinical forms characterized by extensive cutaneous lesions and systemic dissemination. In addition, infected cats play a major role in zoonotic transmission, as <em>Sporothrix</em> spp. can be transmitted to humans through bites and scratches. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis remains the isolation and identification of <em>Sporothrix</em> species from clinical samples, a process that requires prolonged culture prior to identification. However, the increasing number of cases highlights the need for a reliable, rapid, and cost-effective diagnostic method. This study aimed to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of feline sporotrichosis using a recombinant chimeric <em>S. brasiliensis</em> protein. The antigen was designed from immunogenic fragments of two <em>S. brasiliensis</em> proteins, SsEno and Gp70, and expressed in a prokaryotic system. A total of 201 feline serum samples were analyzed, including 66 from cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis, 73 from healthy animals, and 62 from cats with other medical conditions. The assay demonstrated 97.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 89.4–99.6%) and 94.1% specificity (95% CI: 88.6%–97.4%). The recombinant chimeric antigen showed strong reactivity with sera from infected cats and no cross-reactivity with controls samples. These results indicate that this recombinant antigen-based ELISA is a simple, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic alternative with promising potential for validation and routine application in the diagnosis of feline sporotrichosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q fever in the 21st century: Uncovering diagnostic, epidemiological, and one health gaps in a re-emerging zoonosis","authors":"Foluke Olajumoke Jemilehin ,&nbsp;Adelekan Oluseyi Okunlade ,&nbsp;Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola ,&nbsp;Happiness Chibuzo Obiechefu ,&nbsp;Akeem Olayiwola Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Q fever, caused by the gram negative obligate intracellular bacterium <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>, remains a globally relevant but underappreciated zoonosis in the 21st century. Despite decades of research, the disease continues to pose diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical challenges that hinder timely recognition and effective management. This review aims to synthesize current advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of <em>C. burnetii</em>, while critically examining the One Health gaps that sustain its persistence as a re-emerging zoonosis. We evaluate the strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic platforms, summarize recent progress in molecular epidemiology, and explore the underrecognized contributions of environmental and wildlife reservoirs to transmission. We further highlight disparities in surveillance and reporting, particularly in regions such as Africa and Asia, where the disease remains neglected. Looking ahead, we outline key priorities for research and practice. These include elucidating molecular mechanisms of host–pathogen interactions, identifying novel diagnostic biomarkers, deploying genomic epidemiology to capture global strain diversity, developing safer and more accessible vaccines, and operationalizing One Health frameworks to integrate veterinary, medical, and environmental surveillance. By clarifying these research and policy gaps, this review provides a roadmap for reducing the global burden of Q fever and offers broader insights into tackling other neglected zoonotic diseases at the human–animal–environment interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterially expressed non-glycosylated recombinant bovine interferon lambda demonstrates antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus in cell culture","authors":"David J. Holthausen ,&nbsp;Kathryn A. Bickel ,&nbsp;Gisselle N. Medina ,&nbsp;Daniel W. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Bryan S. Kaplan ,&nbsp;Eduardo Casas ,&nbsp;Rohana P. Dassanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2026.106071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of economic concern for the cattle industry due to reproductive losses, persistently infected animals, and for contributing to the bovine respiratory disease complex. Bovine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) is a type III interferon and a glycosylated cytokine with potent antiviral activity. The recombinant glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 (rbIFN-λ3) has antiviral activity against BVDV in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Bacterial expression systems provide a higher-yield and more cost-effective alternative to eukaryotic expression systems. The antiviral properties of bacterially expressed non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 against BVDV in cell culture was determined in this study. The coding sequence for the mature bovine IFN-λ3 was cloned into a bacterial expression vector and non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 was expressed and purified. Cells were pre-treated with serial dilutions of rbIFN-λ3 one day prior to infection with BVDV. The rbIFN-λ3 treatment was repeated daily, and viral infection status was assessed three days post-infection using immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific to the BVDV E2 glycoprotein. A single band corresponding to non-glycosylated rbIFN-λ3 with the expected molecular mass was observed on SDS-PAGE, and the identity of rbIFN-λ3 was confirmed <em>via</em> western blotting. Our results indicated that bacterially expressed rbIFN-λ3 without glycosylation demonstrated concentration-dependent antiviral activity, effectively reducing BVDV replication. These results indicate that glycosylation is not required for the antiviral function of bovine IFN-λ3, and supports the potential of using bacterially expressed, non-glycosylated bovine IFN-λ3 in antiviral therapies against BVDV infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"201 ","pages":"Article 106071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}