Research in veterinary science最新文献

{"title":"Feline Circovirus-1 in domestic cats: A multicentric European epidemiological study","authors":"Violetta Iris Vasinioti ,&nbsp;Anna Salvaggiulo ,&nbsp;Francesco Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Georgia Diakoudi ,&nbsp;Michele Camero ,&nbsp;João Rodrigo Mesquita ,&nbsp;Sónia Gomes-de-Sá ,&nbsp;Ioana Buzdugan ,&nbsp;Gheorghe Savuţa ,&nbsp;Gabriella Elia ,&nbsp;Nicola Decaro ,&nbsp;Vito Martella ,&nbsp;Gianvito Lanave","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the family <em>Circoviridae</em> (circovirids) have been identified in several animal species and in human specimens. Circoviruses (CVs) are pathogenic for swine and birds whilst they have been associated with gastro-intestinal, respiratory disorders and systemic disease in dogs. Recently, a novel feline CV (FeCV-1) has been identified as a predominant circovirus population in fecal samples of cats in a study in Italy. To better assess the circulation of FeCV-1 in the feline population, in the present study, we investigated the prevalence of FeCV-1 in samples (rectal and oropharyngeal swabs, and blood) of domestic cats collected from Greece, Romania, and Portugal. A quantitative PCR assay specific for FeCV-1 was used for molecular screening. Overall, 22 (11.8 %) out of 187 samples tested positive for FeCV-1 with a prevalence of 20.4 % (10/49) in Greek samples, 15.9 % (7/44) in Romanian samples, and 5.4 % (5/94) in Portuguese samples. FeCV-1 was detected in both fecal and respiratory samples. The whole genome sequence was determined for eight variants. The FeCV-1 genomes determined in this study shared 95.2 % to 99.6 % nt identity to the initial variants (OQ357577 -OQ357579) detected in Italy, forming a well-conserved clade. These findings suggest that FeCV-1 is a common component of the feline virome. Understanding the pathogenic role, if any, of FeCV-1 in cats will be necessary in prospective studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of peste des petits ruminants virus, Greece, 2024.","authors":"Aikaterini Kirtzalidou, Angeliki Katsifa, Georgios Komitas, Anna Xexaki, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Dimitrios Vourvidis, Maria Gianniou, Olivier Kwiatek, Samia Guendouz, Arnaud Bataille, Thomas Alexandropoulos, Konstantia E Tasioudi","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first PPR outbreak in Greece was laboratory confirmed in the region of Thessaly on the 11th of July 2024. A total of 86 farms in multiple regions were infected and no additional outbreaks have been reported in Greece since 1st of November 2024. To assess the origin of PPRV identified in Greece, the sequence obtained was aligned with a curated dataset of partial N gene sequences. The determined PPRV strain responsible for the first outbreaks in Greece was most closely related to PPR viruses clustered in Lineage IV North-East Africa group. This finding raises concerns about the virus transmission pathways and entry of PPR into Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"194 ","pages":"105840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144817422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First isolation and identification of tembusu virus from naturally infected quails highlighting its cross-species transmission risk.","authors":"Pengju Xu, Xuying Wang, Yangbao Ding, Cui Wang, Chang Cui, Zhipei Lu, Kang Ouyang, Yeshi Yin, Ying Chen, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Yifeng Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tembusu virus (TMUV) has become a major threat in waterfowl farming, causing decreased egg production and neurological issues in ducks and geese. Recent research shows TMUV can infect multiple species, raising concerns about its potential to become a zoonotic pathogen with significant public health risks. In this study, the TMUV strain GXLZ-2024 was isolated from an infected quail in Guangxi, China. Genomic analysis reveals 98.5 %-99.3 % nucleotide similarity with cluster 3.2 TMUV strains, and phylogenetic analysis places it in this cluster. The strain has two unique amino acid mutations in the E and NS1 proteins affecting their 3D structures. Intramuscular injection of the GXLZ-2024 strain in 45-day-old male quails led to depression, body tremors, and 100 % mortality. Quails in the cohabiting contact group developed identical symptoms and also reached 100 % mortality. Autopsies revealed organ damage, including brain congestion, enlarged spleens, and testicular atrophy, along with high viremia and tissue viral loads, signifying the high pathogenicity of the GXLZ-2024 strain in quails. Furthermore, the GXLZ-2024 strain was administered intracranially and leg intramuscularly into the 3-week-old Kunming mice. Both routes of administration resulted in infection, manifesting typical neurological symptoms and inducing organ lesions such as cerebral congestion, hepatomegaly with hemorrhage, and testicular atrophy, with mortality rates of 100 % and 90 %, respectively. This study is the first to identify TMUV in naturally infected quails and thoroughly assess its pathogenicity in quails and mice, offering key insights into the virus's genetic evolution, cross-species transmission, and pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"194 ","pages":"105841"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144822448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-yield production and preclinical protection assessment of a Chinese Hamster Ovary-K1 (CHO-K1) derived PRV gB and gD subunit vaccine against variant pseudorabies virus in pigs","authors":"Chengkai Yin,&nbsp;Dan Yu,&nbsp;Tianyan Liu,&nbsp;Hongna Chen,&nbsp;Jiarui Yang,&nbsp;Zhihang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudorabies virus (PRV) re-emergence in swine highlights the need for safe, scalable vaccines compatible with DIVA surveillance. We developed a CHO - K1 subunit platform expressing PRV gB-N + IV and gD that achieved high and consistent antigen yields (1.12 and 2.0 g/L, respectively) with downstream purity &gt;95 %, supporting a practical manufacturing path for veterinary biologics. Formulated with Montanide ISA 201 VG or aluminum hydroxide, the vaccine was evaluated in piglets challenged with a virulent JK strain and compared with two commercial inactivated vaccines. Under a discriminatory intranasal challenge dose (2 mL of 10^5.0 TCID₅₀/mL) established in a dose-ranging pre-study, the subunit vaccine conferred robust protection comparable to commercial products, significantly reducing clinical scores and mortality. Vaccinated piglets remained clinically healthy without fever or disease symptoms; only transient mild fever (&lt; 41 °C) temperature elevations were observed. Safety was demonstrated in piglets under single-dose, repeated-dose, and overdose regimens and in pregnant sows vaccinated twice at mid-gestation, with no adverse clinical signs, injection-site reactions, or effects on rectal temperature, gestation, litter size, or piglet viability. As a gB/gD - based formulation, the vaccine does not induce anti-gE antibodies and is compatible with gE-based DIVA surveillance, an advantage for field application and eradication programs. Collectively, these data establish the feasibility of high-yield CHO-derived gB/gD antigens and provide preliminary in vivo evidence of clinical protection against a circulating PRV variant, supporting further development and broader strain coverage evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105919"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginseng stem and leaf extract residue improves antioxidant and immune functions and intestinal microflora in broilers","authors":"Wenting Gou ,&nbsp;Shaonan Liu ,&nbsp;Yuqian Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Fu ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Mengxue Liu ,&nbsp;Qiang Si ,&nbsp;Nanyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored the effects of ginseng stem and leaf extract residue (ERG) on meat quality, antioxidant capacity, immune function, cecum microflora and growth performance of broilers. One-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (360 broilers) were separated into five groups: B group, fed a basal diet; and GA, GB, GC, and GD groups, with 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 %, and 2.0 % ERG added to the basal diet, respectively (each experimental group comprised six replicates, with each replicate containing twelve broilers). The total trial duration was 42 days. The results revealed that the addition of ERG could significantly reduce the mortality of broilers (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Adding ERG to the diet reduced muscle drip loss, shear force and brightness. The inclusion of 1.0 %-2.0 % ERG in the diet resulted in a notable decrease in IL-6 levels and all addition of ERG resulted in a significant increase in the concentrations of IL-10, IgA, IgG, and IgM in serum of broilers (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared with group B, the addition of ERG decreased malondialdehyde levels (linear, <em>P</em> = 0.010; quadratic, <em>P</em> = 0.002), and increased glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity in broiler serum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The addition of ERG to the diet improved the cecal microflora balance by increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (<em>Faecalibacterium</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Bacteroides</em>, <em>Ruminococcus_torques_group</em> and <em>NK4A214_group</em>) and decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (<em>Streptococcus</em>, <em>Blautia</em> and <em>UCG-005</em>). In conclusion, the addition of ERG to diets can improve muscle quality, enhance immune, antioxidant functions, and improve intestinal health in broilers and was most effective in the 1.5 % group.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of risk factors associated to brucellosis seropositivity and bacterial isolation in bovine carcasses with cervical bursitis from the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Tocantins – Brazil","authors":"Paulo Martins Soares Filho,&nbsp;Luciana Rabello Ferreira,&nbsp;Patrícia Gomes de Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis prevalent in Latin America with heterogeneous distribution between and within countries in the region. Cervical bursitis represents a lesion indicative of brucellosis, which may be identified in bovine carcasses during <em>post-mortem</em> meat inspection, thereby enhancing brucellosis monitoring systems. This work aimed to study risk factors for brucellosis seropositivity and for <em>Brucella abortus</em> isolation in bovine carcasses with cervical bursitis from the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Tocantins – Brazil, through Bayesian Logistic Regression Models (BLRM) in order to provide information to support risk-based sampling. A total of 160 paired samples of serum samples and cervical bursitis were analyzed. Three BLRMs were run in OpenBUGS. The BLRM dependent variables were diagnostic test results (serum agglutination test with 2-mercaptoethanol in model 1, Rose Bengal in model 2, isolation and identification in model 3). State of origin, sex and age of the animals were the explanatory variables. Model 1 fitted better to the data according to DIC and ρD. Carcasses of bovine females with cervical bursitis were 18.54 (95 %CrI 4.727–85.98) times more likely to be seropositive - model 1. There was no risk associated with the age of the animals. The origin of the animals was a factor which reduced the risk for brucellosis in models 1 and 2. Understanding the risk factors for seropositivity and microbiological evidence associated with cervical bursitis in bovine carcasses better directs sample collection for more comprehensive and effective surveillance of brucellosis in slaughterhouses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105908"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From novice to proficient: Comparing veterinary student learning curves of tonometry using TonoPen, TonoVet and TonoVet Plus","authors":"Dikla Arad,&nbsp;Lionel Sebbag,&nbsp;Karin W. Handel,&nbsp;Yamit Soueid,&nbsp;Bar Fruchter,&nbsp;Noya Aharon,&nbsp;Oren Pe'er,&nbsp;Ron Ofri","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our aim was to compare learning curves of final year veterinary students using three commonly-used tonometers for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in dogs: TonoPen XL (TP), TonoVet (TV), and TonoVet Plus (TVP). Students were randomly assigned to use one of the tonometers, and their performance metrics (IOP readings, number of attempts and time required to obtain a valid reading) were recorded over a one-week period and compared to those of experienced clinicians. Tonometry data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, and student-clinician IOP agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). In the TVP group (<em>n</em> = 39), students took the longest to measure (+9.1 s compared to clinicians, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), showed a non-significant trend toward time improvement (reduction ≤0.5 s/test, <em>p</em> ≥ 0.095), and demonstrated the highest agreement with clinicians (ICC = 0.71). In the TV group (<em>n</em> = 38), students took longer to measure than with TP and less time than with TVP (+6.9 s, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) but had significant improvement in measurement time (reduction of 1.03 s/test, <em>p</em> = 0.023) and moderate agreement (ICC = 0.68). In the TP group (<em>n</em> = 37), students were fastest (+5.7 s, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and required fewer attempts to obtain valid readings (reduction of 0.056 attempts/eye, <em>p</em> = 0.015), though this group had the lowest student-clinician agreement (ICC = 0.53). Our results show that student performance improved with all tonometers. TP demonstrated the shortest learning curve but had the poorest agreement with clinician measurements. TVP yielded the best agreement but required a longer learning curve. TV offered a balance between learning curve and measurement consistency. These findings highlight the distinct learning characteristics of each device and can improve targeted training strategies in veterinary education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and other mastitis-causing pathogens isolated from canine milk","authors":"Zahra Sadat Yousefsani ,&nbsp;Ehsan Gallehdar Kakhki ,&nbsp;Niloufar Tashakkori ,&nbsp;Babak Khoramian","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mastitis is an inflammatory condition of the mammary tissue in bitches, most common during the postpartum period and pseudopregnancy, and it significantly contributes to neonatal mortality. In the present study, thirty-nine bitches aged 1 to 12 years were examined, and 156 milk samples were collected. Cases were classified as either clinical mastitis (CM), characterized by overt local signs with or without systemic manifestations, or intramammary infection (IMI), defined as bacteriological culture positivity in the absence of clinical signs. Conventional culture and biochemical tests were used to identify bacterial species and assess antimicrobial resistance patterns. The study specifically aimed to investigate the resistance characteristics and biofilm-forming ability of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) isolates obtained from canine milk. Molecular confirmation of <em>S. aureus</em> was performed by amplification of the <em>nucA</em> gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the disk diffusion method, and eight resistance-associated genes were detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biofilm production was assessed by a microtiter plate assay. Of all milk samples, 56.41 % yielded positive bacterial growth. <em>S. aureus</em> was the most frequently isolated species, accounting for 55.68 % of positive cultures. Among the <em>S. aureus</em> isolates, 51.02 % met the criteria for multidrug resistance, defined as resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. The most commonly detected resistance gene was <em>blaZ</em>, followed by <em>ermA</em>, <em>ermB</em>, and <em>ermC</em>. Over half of the <em>S. aureus</em> isolates demonstrated measurable biofilm-forming ability. These findings underscored the clinical importance of <em>S. aureus</em> in canine mastitis and highlighted the necessity of routine bacteriological culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and molecular diagnostics to guide effective treatment strategies and improve health outcomes in affected bitches and their offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota alterations linked to classical scrapie in sheep","authors":"Adelaida Hernaiz ,&nbsp;Laura Grasa ,&nbsp;Paula De Diego Abejón ,&nbsp;Celia León Huertas ,&nbsp;Belén Marín ,&nbsp;Juan José Badiola ,&nbsp;Rosa Bolea ,&nbsp;Pilar Zaragoza ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Martín-Burriel","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is growing evidence of the involvement of gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and prion diseases is not yet well understood. Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals and caused by an infectious misfolded protein known as prion. Among prion diseases, scrapie is the one affecting sheep and goats, and its classical form is typically acquired. In the present work, a 16S rRNA-based microbiome profiling was performed in faecal samples from 10 sheep infected with classical scrapie and 10 control sheep. The phyla <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Bacteroidetes</em> appeared as the most abundant phyla in scrapie and control sheep. Moreover, both groups of samples showed similar richness and alpha diversity indices. The gut microbiota profile in terms of beta diversity was significantly different in scrapie-infected sheep compared to the control group. Additionally, similarly to other neurodegenerative diseases, scrapie animals displayed a significant increased abundance of <em>Cyanobacteria</em> and <em>Lentisphaerae</em> phyla. Our results point to an altered gut microbiota in sheep infected with classical scrapie, with a specific increase of two phyla that could be involved in scrapie disease pathogenesis, enabling conceptual advances in the understanding of prion diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105916"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and phylogenetic insights into bovine rabies virus in Ecuador: Regional control implications","authors":"Alexander Maldonado ,&nbsp;Jorge Espinoza ,&nbsp;David Jarrín ,&nbsp;Diego Jauregui ,&nbsp;Juan-Carlos Navarro ,&nbsp;José Rubén Ramírez ,&nbsp;Jaime Acosta-España","doi":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rvsc.2025.105912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine rabies caused by the rabies virus (RABV) represents a significant veterinary and economic problem in Ecuador, particularly in the Amazonian province. In this study, the transmission dynamics and genetic diversity of the virus are explored through phylogenetic and spatial analysis of Ecuadorian isolates from cattle, contextualized with sequences from neighboring countries. Cerebellum and brain samples were collected from 45 virus-infected farms across Ecuador between 2015 and 2020. Samples were obtained post-mortem from symptomatic animals and immediately processed for virus isolation. The phylogenetic analysis employed the maximum likelihood method, using the Tamura-Nei model. The spatial analysis employed kernel density estimation and Getis-Ord Gi* to identify disease hotspots. Ecuador reported 815 cases of bovine rabies during 2015–2020, of which 404 were confirmed. The Amazonian province of Zamora Chinchipe had the highest number of cases and high spatial clustering in 2017–2018. Time-structured phylogenetic analysis revealed province-specific clades with strong support, indicating localized persistence and regional transmission (TMRCA ≈ 1749). Low nucleotide diversity, negative Tajima's D, and ω &lt; 1 confirmed strong purifying selection and constrained rabies virus evolution in Ecuador. These findings provide critical insights into the molecular epidemiology and geographic distribution of RABV in Ecuador, which are crucial for informing targeted and effective control interventions and activities for regional coordination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21083,"journal":{"name":"Research in veterinary science","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 105912"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145200951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}