Protoplasma最新文献_第6页

Antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulations: a comprehensive review. 中药复方的抗糖尿病活性综述。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02057-x

Aditya Jain, Tanvi Jangid, Ram Niwas Jangir, Gauri Shankar Bhardwaj

{"title":"Antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulations: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Aditya Jain, Tanvi Jangid, Ram Niwas Jangir, Gauri Shankar Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02057-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02057-x","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by high blood glucose levels, resulting from either insufficient insulin production or poor insulin function. While conventional treatments have progressed, there is growing interest in alternative therapies, especially polyherbal formulations, due to their natural origin, cost-effectiveness, and fewer side effects. This review uniquely explores the antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulations derived from various plants, focusing on their synergistic effects, where combinations of plant species work together to enhance therapeutic, outcomes. It discusses common plants used, types of extracts, plant parts, and dosing regimens in experimental studies. Both in vitro and in vivo models are examined to assess the effectiveness of these formulations in managing diabetes. The mechanisms behind their antidiabetic action-such as boosting insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity, regulating glucose metabolism, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation-are highlighted. Overall, polyherbal formulations offer significant promise for integrating into diabetes management and reducing complications when used alongside conventional therapies. This review underscores the novelty of using polyherbal combinations to enhance diabetes treatment, offering a holistic and cost-effective approach to management. In conclusion, further research into these formulations could lead to more accessible and personalized therapeutic options for diabetes patients worldwide.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1031-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring cadmium uptake pathways in the roots of Coptis chinensis Franch. 黄连根对镉的吸收途径研究。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02050-4

Yuting Niu, Shuang He, Lu Xing, Dongdong Zhang, Yuze Li, Chong Deng, Yi Jiang, Huawei Zhang, Xiaomei Song, Meihai Ding, Wenli Huang, Wei Wang

引用次数: 0

Transmission electron microscopy reveals the impact of Or gene on chromoplast morphology and β-carotene accumulation in Or gene introgressed tropical cauliflower. 透射电镜观察Or基因对Or基因渗入的热带花椰菜叶绿体形态和β-胡萝卜素积累的影响。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02106-5

Anamika Chandel, Shrawan Singh

{"title":"Transmission electron microscopy reveals the impact of Or gene on chromoplast morphology and β-carotene accumulation in Or gene introgressed tropical cauliflower.","authors":"Anamika Chandel, Shrawan Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02106-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02106-5","url":null,"abstract":"Cauliflower Or gene governs massive accumulation of β-carotene in the edible 'curd' portion. However, homozygous dominant (OrOr) plants accumulate higher β-carotene than heterozygous (Oror) individuals, yet this phenomenon has not been thoroughly elucidated in relation to chromoplast morphology. A study was performed in a complete randomised block design with three replicates, in which curd samples of homozygous orange (OrOr; CFOr-HM), heterozygous orange (Oror; CFOr-HT) and white (oror; CFWT) genotypes were analysed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The number of chromoplasts in a cell and their morphology (shape and size) exhibited significant variation in the genotypes. In CFOr-HM genotypes, chromoplasts exhibited a membrane-like structure, but in CFOr-HT, they were small granules. The number of chromoplasts was significantly higher in CFOr-HM compared to CFOr-HT. The CFWT had leucoplasts instead of chromoplasts. The CFOr-HM (15.1 ± 0.1 µg/g FW) had significantly higher β-carotene content than CFOr-HT (5.6 ± 0.3 µg/g FW). Both CFOr-HM and CFOr-HT had 18 and 7 times higher β-carotene than the white counterpart CFWT (0.8 ± 0.1 µg/g FW). The number and size of chromoplasts exhibit a strong correlation with the concentration of total carotenoids and β-carotene in the curd portion. This is the first systematic report on changes in chromoplast features associated with Or-gene zygosity in cauliflower.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humic acid induced astaxanthin accumulation by changing GABA, polyamines, and H₂O₂ levels in Haematococcus lacustris at the stationary growth phase. 腐植酸通过改变湖红球菌固定生长期GABA、多胺和H2O2水平诱导虾青素积累。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02105-6

Halimeh Hassanpour

{"title":"Humic acid induced astaxanthin accumulation by changing GABA, polyamines, and H2O2 levels in Haematococcus lacustris at the stationary growth phase.","authors":"Halimeh Hassanpour","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02105-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02105-6","url":null,"abstract":"Humic acid (HA) is a redox-active organic compound that can regulate cell metabolism to produce antioxidant metabolites against oxidative stress. Haematococcus lacustris is a green microalga and is found to be a rich source of astaxanthin. In this research, the impact of HA was studied on the growth mechanisms and production of antioxidant metabolites through dynamic responses of pigments, proteins, carbohydrates, secondary messengers of H2O2 and Ca2+, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and enzyme activities in H. lacustris. Results revealed that HA at 80 µM concentration is a suitable treatment to induce astaxanthin production and cell growth. Cell numbers increased significantly under HA80, and the trend was to enter the red aplanospore phase at the stationary growth phase. High HA concentration (120 µM) increased astaxanthin content but considerably reduced cell number and size. HA80 enhanced astaxanthin (5.39 mg L-1), flavonoid (15.64 mg g-1 DW), and phenolic (55.64 mg g-1 DW) contents after 9 days of induction time, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the chlorophyll pigments, proteins, and carbohydrate contents. The increase in total phenolic content was associated with enhanced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. H2O2 accumulation decreased by HA80 at the late stationary growth phase. Putrescine and spermidine contents were promoted under HA80, while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and Ca2+ contents were reduced from the logarithmic phase to the early stationary growth phase. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was promoted in the TCA cycle, and the GABA shunt was activated to regulate the ROS level. Findings indicate that the impact of HA on cell growth and astaxanthin production is associated with HA concentration and cell growth phase. HA can regulate ROS levels at the stationary growth phase by inducing polyamine metabolism and an antioxidant defense system.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia odorifera: saline soil rhizoplane bacteria identified from Mamaghan (East Azarbaijan, Iran) that improve wheat seed germination under salinity stress. 假单胞菌和臭Serratia serifera：在伊朗Mamaghan （East Azarbaijan, Iran）发现的盐胁迫下促进小麦种子发芽的盐碱地根面细菌。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02100-x

PirHasan Rashidi, Vahid Fallahzadeh Mamaghani, Laleh Parviz, Akbar Shirzad

{"title":"Pseudomonas sp. and Serratia odorifera: saline soil rhizoplane bacteria identified from Mamaghan (East Azarbaijan, Iran) that improve wheat seed germination under salinity stress.","authors":"PirHasan Rashidi, Vahid Fallahzadeh Mamaghani, Laleh Parviz, Akbar Shirzad","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02100-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02100-x","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity disrupts the germination and growth of seedlings in plants and reduces the population of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria. Scientists have found that each normal soil contains 600 million bacteria, consisting of 20,000 species, and their number is reduced to 1 million bacteria, consisting of 5000 to 8000 species, under salt stress. Many engineering methods are not practical. One of the biological methods is seed inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR improves the morphological traits of plants, which include 1 - extracellular plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria)ePGPR( and 2 - intracellular plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria)iPGPR(. ePGPRs are present in the rhizosphere, on the rhizosphere, or in the spaces between the cells of the root cortex, while iPGPRs are present inside the specialized nodular structures of the root cells. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of several rhizobacterial isolates obtained from the rhizoplane of saline soil in Momghan on seed germination and wheat seedling growth at different salinity concentrations. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design. The first factor had five levels: control, 3, 6, 12, and 18 ds/m, while the second factor, involved seed inoculation with 10 bacterial isolates. The experiments were carried out in 3 replications. Isolates R2 and R7 promoted the growth index. At salinity levels of 3 and 6 ds/m, a significant difference was observed at the 5% level. At concentrations of 12 and 18 ds/m, morphological traits improved growth. The isolates were identified using biochemical and molecular 16s rRNA tests. Isolate R2 was placed in the genus Pseudomonas sp. and isolate R7 in the species Serratia odorifera.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plant programmed cell death in the context of diversity and evolution of PCD. PCD多样性和进化背景下的植物程序性细胞死亡。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02102-9

Tatiana V Doronina, Elena M Lazareva

引用次数: 0

A new model for the global patterning of spores and pollen grains. 孢子和花粉粒全球模式的新模型。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02103-8

Kun L Yang, Zhu L Yang, Yang Luo, Jia Y Lin, Hong Wang, Pan Meng Wang

{"title":"A new model for the global patterning of spores and pollen grains.","authors":"Kun L Yang, Zhu L Yang, Yang Luo, Jia Y Lin, Hong Wang, Pan Meng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02103-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02103-8","url":null,"abstract":"Spores of fungi and seedless plants, and pollen grains of seed plants, are usually characterized by variable global patterns on the surface. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of these patterns have not been fully understood. We hypothesize that the global pattern of a spore or pollen grain is induced by the stresses resulted from the mismatch between a faster-growing outer part and a slower-growing inner part within the grain and tried to verify the hypothesis by simplifying the developing spores and pollen grains as stressed core/shell structures, simulating the buckling patterns of such structures with different shapes and shell thicknesses through finite element method, and comparing the simulated models with natural spores and pollen grains observed under microscopes. Totally, 313 models were simulated and 77 natural instances were studied. The simulated models reproduced various global patterns generally corresponding to the natural instances from a mechanical point of view. Our findings suggest that stress-driven development potentially contributes to the global patterning of spores and pollen grains, with the shape and thickness of the faster-growing outer part at the beginning of the differential growth determining the pattern types, providing new insights into the development and evolution of the global patterns on spores and pollen grains.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on evaluation of effects of electromagnetic radiation on pollen viability in some commonly occurring plant species following different staining methods. 不同染色方法下电磁辐射对常见植物花粉活力影响的评价研究。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02093-7

Ankita Sharma, Neeru Bala, Mahima Sharma, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria, Shalini Bahel

{"title":"Study on evaluation of effects of electromagnetic radiation on pollen viability in some commonly occurring plant species following different staining methods.","authors":"Ankita Sharma, Neeru Bala, Mahima Sharma, Jatinder Kaur Katnoria, Shalini Bahel","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02093-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02093-7","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at varied power densities can profoundly affect fertilization in plants by posing physiological stress and impairing pollen's ability to fertilize. In the present study, four sites (under exposure to EMR at varied power densities) like S-1 (1 μW/cm2), S-2 (2.8 μW/cm2), S-3 (5.5 μW/cm2), and S-4 (15 μW/cm2) were selected for collection of pollen grain samples of 12 plant species naming Alcea rosea L., Centaurea cyanus L., Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Dahlia pinnata Cav., Gaillardia pulchella Foug., Jatropha integerrima Jacq., Papaver somniferum L., Rosa indica L., Tagetes erecta L., Tropaeolum majus L., Verbena pulchella Greene, and Catharanthus roseus L. pollen grain samples were collected from each site ensuring that availability of all selected plants occurred at all sites. Different staining methods, using aceto-orcein (AO), Alexander's (AS), 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), and Lugol's (LS) stains, were followed to evaluate pollen viability. The study revealed that among all plant species, C. coronarium showed the minimum pollen viability with AO and TTC stains at S-1, S-2, and S-3 while T. erecta with AO and C. cyanus with TTC at S-4. P. somniferum showed minimum pollen viability with AS at all sites and with LS at S-3 and S-4 while R. indica and V. pulchella with LS at S-1 and 2, respectively. All plant species have shown maximum pollen viability using AO stain at all sites. TTC was found to be the effective staining method that resulted in minimum pollen viability for all plant species at all sites except for Alcea rosea at S-2 and 3 and P. somniferum at S-2 which showed minimum pollen viability with LS and AS, respectively. The association between increased EMR power density and reduced pollen viability across different sites points towards the harmful effects of EMR on plant reproduction.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144837482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the digestive processes of symbiotic Chlorella sp. in non-endosymbiotic Paramecium species, Paramecium multimicronucleatum. 探讨共生小球藻对非内共生草履虫的消化过程，多微核草履虫。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02097-3

Keiko Obayashi, Yuuki Kodama

{"title":"Exploring the digestive processes of symbiotic Chlorella sp. in non-endosymbiotic Paramecium species, Paramecium multimicronucleatum.","authors":"Keiko Obayashi, Yuuki Kodama","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02097-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02097-3","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorella spp. live in mutual symbiosis with Paramecium bursaria. In the present study, we investigated the digestive processes of Chlorella variabilis isolated from P. bursaria ingested by P. multimicronucleatum, a species that does not have the ability to undergo endosymbiosis with algae. The digestion of algae within the digestive vacuole (DV) of P. multimicronucleatum began within 5 min, and complete digestion occurred within 12 h. The digested algae were retained in P. multimicronucleatum even after 72 h of incubation. Additionally, after 0.5 h, some single green alga appeared in the P. multimicronucleatum cytoplasm by budding from the DV membrane. Comparing the re-endosymbiosis process between P. bursaria and Chlorella sp., some algae exhibited temporary lysosomal enzyme resistance in P. multimicronucleatum DVs and appeared from the DVs by budding the DV membrane one cell at a time. However, the differentiation of the DV membrane surrounding a single green alga into a symbiosome membrane, called the perialgal vacuole membrane, localized beneath the P. bursaria cell cortex was not observed in P. multimicronucleatum. These findings provide insights into the digestive process of symbiotic algae in Paramecium species incapable of endosymbiosis and highlight the unique adaptations required for the establishment of endosymbiosis between P. bursaria and Chlorella spp.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Formation of the proventriculus in the foregut during metamorphosis of the honey bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae). 1758年蜜蜂前肠前室的形成（膜翅目：蜂科）。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02099-1

Daniela de Castro Guedes, Werônica Célia Starlino Dias, Luanda Medeiros-Santana, Jamile Fernanda Silva Cossolin, Bárbara Monteiro de Castro E Castro, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo Serrão

{"title":"Formation of the proventriculus in the foregut during metamorphosis of the honey bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae).","authors":"Daniela de Castro Guedes, Werônica Célia Starlino Dias, Luanda Medeiros-Santana, Jamile Fernanda Silva Cossolin, Bárbara Monteiro de Castro E Castro, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo Serrão","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02099-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02099-1","url":null,"abstract":"In adult bees, the foregut-midgut transition is marked by the proventriculus, which consists of an anterior muscular bulb extending into the crop lumen and a posterior stomodeal valve in the midgut lumen. In larvae, the proventricular bulb is absent and forms only during metamorphosis, a process that remains poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the cellular events involved in the formation and differentiation of the honey bee Apis mellifera proventriculus during metamorphosis. The foregut-midgut transition of larvae, pupae, and newly emerged adults was analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry to detect apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In larvae, the proventriculus consists solely of the stomodeal valve, which disappears in prepupae as the foregut-midgut passage closes. The proventricular bulb precursor emerges in prepupae as a thick epithelium, differentiating alongside the muscle layer until the brown-eyed pupal stage. The stomodeal valve forms in brown-eyed pupae through epithelial invagination towards the foregut lumen and everts in the end of black-eyed pupae stage, projecting into the midgut. Apoptosis was frequent in prepupae but rare in later stages. Autophagy occurred in white- and brown-eyed pupae but was absent in black-eyed pupae. Cell proliferation was observed in prepupae, white- and brown-eyed pupae but not in pink-eyed pupae, where differentiation predominated. No cellular events were detected in black-eyed pupae, marking the end of proventriculus remodeling. The morphogenesis of the A. mellifera proventriculus involves extensive tissue remodeling, with apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation driving its transformation during metamorphosis.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144795200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0