Protoplasma最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of Physalis alkekengi cell suspension culture: time-dependent behavior of genes related to the steroidal compounds, key enzymes, and physalins under static magnetic field.","authors":"Halimeh Hassanpour","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01966-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01966-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell suspension culture has the potential to be a valuable source for the bioactive compound productions. In this study, an optimized procedure was established for callus and cell suspension culture of Physalis alkekengi for the first time, and the impact of static magnetic field (SMF, 6 mT) was studied on the high-value metabolic compounds through investigation of signaling molecules and gene expressions at the late log-to-stationary phase. Results showed that the growth regulators of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP, 1.5 mg^-1 L) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.4 mg^-1 L) induced the highest fresh weight, callus rate, callus index, and total withanolides. Cell suspension culture was established in the liquid MS medium supplied with BAP (1.5 mg^-1 L) and NAA (0.1 mg^-1 L). SMF application decreased slightly the cell growth and viability and enhanced the number of round-shaped cells. The hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and nitric oxide (NO) levels increased at an all-time series after SMF exposure, and their maximum contents were observed after 12 h. A significant alteration of malondialdehyde content was also identified after 12 h of SMF exposure. The expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), 1-deoxyD-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), squalene synthase (SQS), sterol Δ7-reductase (DWF5), and C-7,8 sterol isomerase (HYD1) genes was upregulated significantly after 24 and 48 h. An increase in the total withanolides was related to more activity of HMGR and DXS enzymes in SMF-exposed cells and the maximum physalin A (12.8 mg g^-1 DW) and physalin B (1.92 mg g^-1 DW) obtained after 24 h compared to controls. Findings suggest that SMF can play a supportive factor in inducing steroidal compounds in P. alkekengi through modulating H₂O₂ and NO levels and the related-gene expressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1267-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The function of the ATG8 in the cilia and cortical microtubule maintenance of Euplotes amieti.","authors":"Junlin Wu, Yan Sheng, Shihuan Mai, Yanhao Zhong, Shengrong Dai, Yupeng Luo, Xin Sheng","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01957-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01957-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autophagy regulates the formation of primary cilia, which in turn affects autophagy. The relationship between autophagy and cilia is known to be bidirectional although the specific mechanisms involved have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we found for the first time that ATG8 protein localizes in the basal body of the dorsal kineties and the base of the ventral cirri in Euplotes amieti. ATG8 protein maintains the structural integrity of cilia and plays a role in the construction of the cortical ciliature and microtubule cytoskeleton associated with cilia. ATG8 gene interference leads to the degradation of IFT88, the transport protein in cilia, thus inhibiting the generation of cilia, and affecting the swing of cilia. This influences the swimming speed and cilia pattern, leading to death in Euplotes amieti.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1127-1145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histochemical and ultrastructural analysis of tapetum and sporoderm development in relation to precocious pollenkitt production of Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz.","authors":"Pornsawan Sutthinon, Upatham Meesawat, Silvia Ulrich, Jürg Schönenberger","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01969-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01969-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz (Clusiaceae) is a medicinal plant native to Southeastern Asia, with a peculiar, precocious pollenkitt production in early microspore development. We aimed to find out whether different secretory activities of the tapetum or a premature sporoderm development provides additional evidence for our recent hypothesis for the precocious pollenkitt production. Histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of tapetum and sporoderm development during pollenkitt secretion in Garcinia dulcis were conducted, based on light and electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that Garcinia dulcis possesses normal pollen development. The presence of two different pollen coating types, precocious pollenkitt (L1) and common pollenkitt (L2), in the anther tapetum indicate that they are produced in two different active stages of the secretory tapetum. The precocious pollenkitt production and transport to the locule takes place in early active tapetal cells at early tetrad to early microspore stage and is ongoing until late microspore stage. The production of the second type of pollenkitt (L2) starts shortly after the first active tapetum stage together with the formation of sporopollenin precursors. The sporoderm formation was completed at late microspore stage, when the tapetal cell walls start to disintegrate. Orbicules are lining the inner tapetum wall at middle to late microspore stage. ER (during early microspore stage) and plastids (during late microspore stage) were the two main sources of pollenkitt, which finally fused to pollenkitt droplets when the tapetal cells degenerated at mature bicellular pollen stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1281-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen peroxide modulates the expression of the target of rapamycin (TOR) and cell division in Arabidopsis thaliana.","authors":"Alma Alejandra Hernández-Esquivel, Jorge Alejandro Torres-Olmos, Manuel Méndez-Gómez, Elda Castro-Mercado, Idolina Flores-Cortéz, César Arturo Peña-Uribe, Jesús Campos-García, José López-Bucio, Homero Reyes-de la Cruz, Eduardo Valencia-Cantero, Ernesto García-Pineda","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01959-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01959-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is naturally produced by plant cells during normal development and serves as a messenger that regulates cell metabolism. Despite its importance, the relationship between hydrogen peroxide and the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway, as well as its impact on cell division, has been poorly analyzed. In this study, we explore the interaction of H₂O₂ with TOR, a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in controlling cell growth, size, and metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. By applying two concentrations of H₂O₂ exogenously (0.5 and 1 mM), we could correlate developmental traits, such as primary root growth, lateral root formation, and fresh weight, with the expression of the cell cycle gene CYCB1;1, as well as TOR expression. When assessing the expression of the ribosome biogenesis-related gene RPS27B, an increase of 94.34% was noted following exposure to 1 mM H₂O₂ treatment. This increase was suppressed by the TOR inhibitor torin 2. The elimination of H₂O₂ accumulation with ascorbic acid (AA) resulted in decreased cell division as well as TOR expression. The potential molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of H₂O₂ on the cell cycle and TOR expression in roots are discussed in the context of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1147-1158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABA inhibits in vitro shoot regeneration by affecting H3K9ac modification of WUS in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Yuguang Song, Xinru Ding, Xueying Sun, Zhaoran Zhang, Wei Dong","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01984-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01984-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of plant growth, but its potential participation in the process of in vitro shoot regeneration has not to date been reported. Here, we found that ABA appeared to inhibit in vitro shoot regeneration. ABA represses the formation of stem cell niches, thereby reducing the shoot regeneration by localizing the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS). During in vitro shoot regeneration, enrichment of H3K9ac in the specific region of WUS is a necessary event for its activation which could be inhibited by exogenous ABA. These findings reveal the potential function, as well as the possible way of ABA in regulating de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1327-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil enhances salt stress tolerance of durum wheat seedlings through ROS detoxification and stimulation of antioxidant defense.","authors":"Rania Ben Saad, Walid Ben Romdhane, Alina Wiszniewska, Narjes Baazaoui, Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa, Yosra Chouaibi, Mohammad Y Alfaifi, Miroslava Kačániová, Natália Čmiková, Anis Ben Hsouna, Stefania Garzoli","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01965-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01965-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt-induced stress poses a significant barrier to agricultural productivity by impeding crop growth. Presently, environmentalists are dedicated to safeguarding food security by enhancing agricultural yields in challenging environments. Biostimulants play a crucial role in mitigating abiotic stresses in crop production, and among these, plant essential oils (EOs) stand out as organic substances with diverse biological effects on living organisms. Among the natural promoters of plant growth, Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil (RoEO) has gained considerable attention. Although the manifold effects of essential oils (EOs) on plant growth have been extensively demonstrated, their impact on salt stress tolerance in durum wheat seedlings remains unexplored. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the biostimulatory capabilities of RoEO on the durum wheat cultivar \"Mahmoudi.\" The effects of three RoEO concentrations (1, 2.5, and 5 ppm) on seed germination, growth establishment, and the induction of salt resistance under salinity conditions (150 mM NaCl) were tested. At 5 ppm, RoEO enhanced seedlings' tolerance to salinity by improving growth and reducing membrane deterioration and oxidative stress-induced damage. The expression profile analyses of seven stress-related genes (TdNHX1, TdSOS1, TdSOD, TdCAT, TdGA20-ox1, TdNRT2.1, and TdGS) using RT-qPCR showed enhancement of several important genes in durum wheat seedlings treated with 5 ppm RoEO, even under control conditions, which may be related to salt stress tolerance. The results indicate that the application of RoEO suggests a possible alternative strategy to increase salt tolerance in durum wheat seedlings towards better growth quality, thus increasing ROS scavenging and activation of antioxidant defense.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the role of β-GAL genes in bean under abiotic stress and genome-wide characterization of β-GAL gene family members.","authors":"Azize Buttanri, Ayşe Gül Kasapoğlu, Burak Muhammed Öner, Ahmed Sidar Aygören, Selman Muslu, Emre İlhan, Ertan Yildirim, Murat Aydin","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01998-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01998-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Β-Gals are a subgroup of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family of enzymes, which possess the Glyco_hydro_35 (GH35) domain. Although studies have been conducted on the β-Gal gene family in numerous plant species, no such research has been conducted on beans. The purpose of this study was to determine the gene expression levels of β-Gal genes in the leaf tissue of P. vulgaris under salt and drought stress using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and to perform a comprehensive analysis of β-Gal gene family members using bioinformatics tools. In the bean genome, 25 Pvul-βGAL proteins with amino acid numbers ranging from 291 to 1119, molecular weights from 32.94 to 126.56 kDa, and isoelectric points from 5.46 to 9.08 were identified. Both segmental and tandem duplication have occurred in β-Gal genes in the bean genome, and Pvul-BGAL genes have been subject to negative selection in the evolutionary process. For a deeper comprehension of the evolutionary proximity of Pvul-BGAL genes, a phylogenetic tree and synteny map were drawn together with Arabidopsis thaliana and Glycine max β-Gal genes. The expression profiles of β-Gal genes in different tissues of the bean were determined in silico. In addition, the expression profiles of β-Gal genes in the leaves of bean plants subjected to drought and salt stress were analyzed, and the role of β-Gal genes in salt and drought stress was estimated. In this study, the role of β-Gal gene family in abiotic stress response and the characterization of β-Gal genes in beans were determined for the first time and will provide a basis for future functional genomics studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the effect of permeant solutes on the hydraulic resistance of the plasma membrane in cells of Chara corallina.","authors":"Masashi Tazawa, Randy Wayne, Maki Katsuhara","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-02000-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-02000-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the cells of Chara corallina, permeant monohydric alcohols including methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol increased the hydraulic resistance of the membrane (Lp_m^-1). We found that the relative value of the hydraulic resistance (^rLp_m^-1) was linearly dependent on the concentration (C_s) of the alcohol. The relationship is expressed in the equation: ^rLp_m^-1 = ρ_mC_s + 1, where ρ_m is the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficient of the membrane. Ye et al. (2004) showed that membrane-permeant glycol ethers also increased Lp^-1. We used their data to estimate Lp_m^-1 and ^rLp_m^-1. The values of ^rLp_m^-1 fit the above relation we found for alcohols. When we plotted the ρ_m values of all the permeant alcohols and glycol ethers against their molecular weights (MW), we obtained a linear curve with a slope of 0.014 M^-1/MW and with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. We analyzed the influence of the permeant solutes on the relative hydraulic resistance of the membrane (^rLp_m^-1) as a function of the external (π₀) and internal (π_i) osmotic pressures. The analysis showed that the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficients (ρ_m) were linearly related to the MW of the permeant solutes with a slope of 0.012 M^-1/MW and with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. The linear relationship between the effects of permeating solutes on the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficient (ρ_m) and the MW can be explained in terms of the effect of the effective osmotic pressure on the hydraulic conductivity of water channels. The result of the analysis suggests that the osmotic pressure and not the size of the permeant solute as proposed by (Ye et al., J Exp Bot 55:449-461, 2004) is the decisive factor in a solute's influence on hydraulic conductivity. Thus, characean water channels (aquaporins) respond to permeant solutes with essentially the same mechanism as to impermeant solutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenesis of the anastomosed laticifers of Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae) and the chemical nature of the stem latex.","authors":"Maria Gabriela Ferreira Figueiredo, Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro, Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01999-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01999-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laticifers are secretive structures with important roles in controlling abiotic and biotic stress through the external release of viscous and bioactive latex emulsions composed of alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and mucilage. Allamanda cathartica is an attractive ornamental neotropical shrub that produces abundant latex with medicinal potential. The laticifers of this species, their origins, structural types, and distribution in the primary and secondary structures of the stem were investigated, and the chemical nature of latex was determined. Anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations of the stem apex were performed through light and electronic microscopy. Laticifers are abundant in the primary structure, being distributed in the cortex, outer primary phloem, and pith. Their branching, anastomosing structural type develops by the dissolution of the transverse and lateral walls of precursor meristematic cells, followed by protoplast fusion. The laticifers in the secondary structure are distributed amid the axial parenchyma cells of the phloem. The latex of A. cathartica is an emulsion composed mainly of mucilage and terpenes, and it is the first time that this laticifer system has been described.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucotoxicity suppresses function of pancreatic beta and duct cells via miR-335-targeted Runx2 and insulin-mediated mechanism.","authors":"Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu, Serap Sancar, Ayse Karatug-Kacar, Sehnaz Bolkent","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01997-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01997-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cell dynamics have important contributions to the development of type 2 diabetes and related diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged excessive glucose exposure on the functions of pancreatic beta cells and duct cells in single and co-culture conditions. In this study, we focused on the effects of glucotoxicity on insulin secretion which is the main function of beta cells and on progenitor functions of duct cells. Rat primary INS1 beta cells and ARIP duct cells were exposed to glucose (25 mM) for 72 h under single or indirect co-culture conditions. Glucotoxicity stimuli increased insulin secretion and decreased insulin expression in single beta cells while stimulating beta-cell differentiation and adipogenesis in single duct cells. On the other hand, glucotoxicity caused functional loss and increased proliferation and apoptosis in beta cells while increasing proliferation but suppressed beta-cell differentiation and adipogenesis in duct cells under co-culture conditions. The expression level of miR-335, a microRNA known to be upregulated by leptin and target Runx2, was measured. As a result, unlike single-cell culture, glucotoxicity upregulated miR-335, downregulated Runx2, and decreased insulin signaling in beta cells while downregulating miR-335 and upregulating Runx2, and decreased insulin signaling in duct cells under co-culture conditions. When the results of single and co-culture experiments are compared, insulin and miR-335 may be seen as important mediators for setting up the relation between beta and duct cells. Our findings are important for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease, even developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}