Protoplasma最新文献

{"title":"NOS-mediated NO production and protein S-nitrosylation in Mamiellophyceae.","authors":"Tatiana Lapina, Vladislav Statinov, Vitalina Vlasova, Elena Ermilova","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02101-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02101-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a signaling molecule in many biological processes in green algae and higher plants. Although the mechanisms of NO synthesis in most plants are the subject of ongoing research and debate, a functional NO synthase (NOS) has been characterized only in Ostreococcus tauri. To date, the question of whether NO synthesis occurs in other NOS-containing members of the class Mamiellophyceaea, which gave rise to the core Chlorophyta, has not been elucidated. We found that, like O. tauri, O. lucimarinus and Bathycoccus prasinos grow on arginine as the sole nitrogen source, and their NOSs function and produce NO in cells. Moreover, in O. tauri, O. lucimarinus, and B. prasinos, NO exerts its biological functions through protein S-nitrosylation. Collectively, our data suggest that both NO and S-nitrosylated proteins are important mediators in the process of cell growth in NOS-containing representatives of Mamiellophyceae. Thus, we have updated the data related to protein S-nitrosylation as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism regulating many aspects of cell signaling in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144789806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profiles and their influence on intramuscular fat in yaks at two developmental stages role of RNA sequencing.","authors":"Zhanhong Gao, Fengshuo Zhang, Suad Hamdan Almasoudi, Majid Al-Zahrani, Ahmed M Basri, Raafat T M Makhlof, Zhang Yu, Linsheng Gui","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02098-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02098-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in livestock is crucial for meat quality, affecting the meat's taste and tenderness. However, there has been little research on the miRNA transcriptome of yak in relation to intramuscular fat deposition in yak. In this study, RNA sequencing in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle samples was conducted to uncover the miRNAs expression profiles of yak at two ages: 3 months (calf) and 3 years (adult). A total of 1030 known miRNAs and 279 novel miRNAs were identified, of which 40 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were screened. We then obtained target genes of 40 DE-miRNAs and established enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes (KEGG). We found target genes were involved in four significantly enriched pathways, and the MAPK signaling pathways were the key pathways. Moreover, we constructed a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to visualize the functions of miRNAs related to IMF deposition in the yak. miR-122, miR-375, and miR-378 may play a key role in IMF deposition in the yak, and RORC, STAT3, ACACA, FTO, and FOXO1 were the core target genes. We randomly selected six miRNAs from DE-miRNAs to validate the sequencing results using RT-qPCR. This study revealed miRNAs expression profiles in yak IMF development between calf and adult and provided a miRNA database for further studies on the molecular mechanisms of IMF deposition in the yak.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic role of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model: a study using histological, molecular, and pathological parameters.","authors":"Reem Hasaballah Alhasani, Ifat Alsharif, Aishah E Albalawi, Fahad Eid Albalawi, Zuhair M Mohammedsaleh, Fayez M Saleh, Jameel Barnawi, Nashmiah S Alshammari, Nasreen S Basoudan, Nahlah M Ghouth, Hailah M Almohaimeed, Tabinda Hasan, Sawsan Abd Ellatif, Mona H Soliman","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02096-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02096-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an extensive metabolic disorder that imposes significant health and economic problems worldwide. It is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. T2DM is linked with an increased risk of terrible difficulties, including cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, and nephropathy. The developing proofs suggest that natural compounds such as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) may have therapeutic potential due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and glucose-regulating properties. Ashwagandha is a traditional medicinal herb that is rich in withanolides and has demonstrated efficacy in previous studies; however, its comprehensive role in mitigating T2DM-related complications is underexplored. The current study seeks to assess the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of Ashwagandha in a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM mouse model. We have selected male C57BL/6 mice, which were allocated into four experimental groups, i.e. controls, STZ-induced diabetic controls, diabetic mice treated with Ashwagandha (200 mg/kg), and diabetic mice treated with metformin. The mice were treated for 8 weeks and then we assisted histological changes in pancreatic and hepatic tissues, with analysis of molecular markers of inflammation and glucose metabolism, and biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers. We have found a significant reduction in systemic inflammation, enhanced glucose tolerance, improved insulin sensitivity, and restored function of pancreatic β-cell. Furthermore, Ashwagandha treatment is predicted to relieve hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue inflammation by altering key oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of tobacco chloroplast vector with novel insertion sites for dengue virus (DENV) antigens.","authors":"Hailah M Almohaimeed, Rasha Assiri, Waheeb S Aggad, Meshal M ALsharafa, Sara F Faloudah, Ahmed M Abdulfattah, Fayez Alsulaimani, Ahmed M Basri","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02087-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue virus (DENV) is a substantial global health threat with no specific antiviral treatment available. The development of effective vaccines is crucial to combat DENV infections. Plant-based expression systems, such as tobacco chloroplasts, have emerged as promising platforms for the production of DENV antigens. In this research article, we describe the construction of a tobacco chloroplast vector with novel insertion sites for DENV-1 protein III. Our present study successfully demonstrated the production of the envelope protein structural domain III (EDIII) dengue virus antigen in tobacco chloroplasts. We obtained transformed tobacco lines that show the expression of EDIII dengue antigen and were confirmed through Southern blotting analysis. Furthermore, the expression of EDIII antigen was further confirmed via immunoblotting and quantified. These findings suggest that tobacco chloroplast engineering holds promise as a method for future manufacture of an oral dengue boost vaccine that is safe, affordable, and effective, contributing to the global management and control of this particular dengue infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating heavy metals toxicity in sorghum using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: enhancing photosynthesis and antioxidant defense.","authors":"Anass Kchikich, Belkassem El Amraoui, Nada Nhhala, Azzouz Krid, Amr Kchikich, Ayoub Kounnoun, Loubna Ouahmane, Mohamed Nhiri, Naima Nhiri","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02095-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02095-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to understand the effect of inoculation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices (AMF) on the regulation of carbon and nitrogen sensibility and the antioxidant system in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench plants under lead (Pb) stress (750 ppm). Plant morphology, accumulation of lead, IAA, H₂O₂, MDA, and chlorophyll contents were assayed. The enzymes involved in the carbon/nitrogen interaction as well as the antioxidant enzymes were evaluated via a two-factor pot experiment (inoculation by AMF and stress by Pb). AMFs attenuate Pb damage by upregulating the antioxidant system: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione s-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR). Similarly, the activity of each of the key enzymes responsible for the interaction of nitrogen and carbon metabolic pathways, glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), were measured and showed a significant increase in mycorrhizal plants. AMF inoculation decreased H₂O₂ and MDA content and increased the indole acetic acid (IAA) content, which indicates that mycorrhizal inoculation has a great ability to attenuate Pb resistance. Pb stress also negatively affected plant growth by disrupting carbon and nitrogen enzymatic pathways as well as the antioxidant system. Therefore, inoculation with AMFs reduced Pb fullness by decreasing its accumulation in sorghum leaves and roots and regulating the enzymatic system involved in plant growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic probing into plasmodesmata (PD) and PD-derived intercellular gateways (PdIGs): Beyond morphology.","authors":"Ming-Fang Lv, Wei-Na Shang, Yuan-Xing Dai, Jun-Ying Li, Yi Li, Shuai Fu, Jian Hong, Li Xie, Heng-Mu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02088-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02088-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasmodesmata (PD) are nano-channels in plant cell walls that connect adjacent cells, facilitating the symplastic transport of micro- and macromolecules. In certain tissues, specialized transport requirements drive the formation of intercellular channels in diverse morphologies, compositions and functions, including sieve plate pores, plasmodesmo-pore units, lateral sieve area pore, and flexible gateways. These channels, derived from PD, are referred to as PD-derived intercellular gateways (PdIGs) in this review. Studies of PD and PdIGs are crucial for understanding how plants achieve cell-to-cell and long-distance transport of specific cargos under various physiological conditions. Multiple types of specialized microscopy are essential for studying these nano-channels, enabling elucidating their structures, compositions, distribution patterns, frequencies, and permeability. In particular, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and structural illumination microscopy (SIM) offer advantages for such specialized analysis. With the aid of antibodies, fluorescent dyes, custom-built molecules, and image processing technologies, microscopy can also capture dynamic details of PD/PdIGs beyond morphology features. This review examines the application of these microscopy in studying specific aspects of PD/PdIGs, discusses the merits and limitations of these methods, and evaluate their suitability in PD studying the results obtained from these microscopy studies enhance our knowledge of PD/PdIGs and form the basis of the current paradigm of PD-based plant communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircDCAF6 regulates the miR-196a/IGF2BP3 axis to promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in bovine myoblasts.","authors":"Liang Chengcheng, Zhou Yanduo, Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza, Ahmed M Basri, Mohammed F Abuzinadah, Ahmed M Abdulfattah, Rawabi Zahed, Reem Nabil Hassan, Abdelghafar M Abu-Elsaoud, Linsen Zan","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02091-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02091-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the role of circDCAF6 in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of bovine myoblasts, focusing on its interaction with bta-miR-196a and IGF2BP3. Using online prediction tools like TargetScan and miRanda, we identified circDCAF6 as a target for bta-miR-196a, bta-miR-196b, and bta-miR-219-3p. Experimental results showed that interference with circDCAF6 significantly increased the expression of bta-miR-196a and miR-196b, while miR-219-3p levels remained unchanged. Following these findings, we confirmed the direct targeting relationship between circDCAF6 and bta-miR-196a using a dual luciferase reporter system and RNA pull-down experiments. Subsequent analysis revealed that circDCAF6 co-transmutation with bta-miR-196a countered the inhibitory effect of the bta-miR-196a mimic on cell proliferation marker genes (CCNA1, CCNA2, MCM6) and restored S-phase cell proportions. Additionally, circDCAF6 diminished the pro-apoptotic effects of bta-miR-196a by reducing apoptosis marker gene expression (Caspase3, Caspase6) and the proportion of early apoptotic cells. We also identified IGF2BP3 as a target of bta-miR-196a, with verification through dual luciferase assays, RT-qPCR, and Western blots. Further research indicated that interfering with IGF2BP3 significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, characterized by lower expression of proliferation markers and higher levels of apoptosis markers. Co-transfer experiments of siRNA for circDCAF6 and IGF2BP3 showed that circDCAF6 could mitigate the inhibitory effects caused by IGF2BP3 interference. In summary, this study highlights the critical role of circDCAF6 in bovine myoblast proliferation and apoptosis via the bta-miR-196a/IGF2BP3 axis, offering insight into muscle development and disease mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring effectiveness of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate elicitors in influencing growth performance, epigenetic regulation, gene transcription, and secondary metabolism in pepper (Capsicum annuum): an in vitro biological assessment.","authors":"Zeinab Hasanvand, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Sara Saadatmand, Zahra Oraghi Ardebili","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02092-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02092-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetic responses of in vitro-cultured plants to elicitation with salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) have been little explored. This study addresses how pepper seedlings respond to incorporating SA (0 and 10 µM) and/or MJ (0 and 10 µM) into the culture medium at physiological and molecular levels. The individual application of MJ or SA enhanced root fresh weight by an average of 59.8%. However, the mixed treatment synergistically augmented the root biomass by 2.2-fold. SA was individually more effective than MJ in triggering changes in the DNA methylome profiles. The epigenetic cytosine methylation in the MJ + SA group differed from that of the individual treatments. The individual SA treatment led to severe DNA hypermethylation, which was modified with the MJ application. Moreover, MJ and/or SA-mediated upregulation of the histone deacetylase (HDA) gene also confirmed the epigenetic regulation at the histone modification level. The MJ elicitor showed greater effectiveness in influencing the transcription of the target genes than the SA one. The expression of the MAPK kinase and ethylene-responsive transcription factor (EREB) genes displayed a similar upward trend. Applying pepper seedlings with MJ and SA increased proline concentrations and catalase activities. The simultaneous application of MJ and SA supplements effectively stimulated secondary metabolism, indicated by increased soluble phenols and activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme. This study presents novel comparative insights into the SA and MJ-mediated epigenetic modifications. These findings can be employed to design in vitro culture systems and implement large-scale projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere microbiota mediated by sulfur fertilizer regulates flavor quality in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.).","authors":"Huan Zhang, Yutong Chi, Yichen Xin, Chunmiao Fang, Ming Li, Yao Lv","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02089-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02089-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although sulfur (S) fertilizer is known to enhance flavor quality in S-rich pungent vegetables, its role in regulating non-S flavor compounds, such as capsaicinoids in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), remains unclear. Here, field experiments were conducted using three treatments: S fertilizer (ammonium sulfate), nitrogen fertilizer (urea), and an unfertilized control (CK). Pepper yield, flavor compounds (capsaicinoids, soluble sugars, vitamin C, and volatiles), and rhizosphere microbiota were analyzed. The results showed that S fertilizer significantly increased the contents of soluble sugars, vitamin C, capsaicinoids, and 15 volatile compounds such as benzyl benzoate, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and β-ionone, collectively achieving optimal pungent flavor. Moreover, S fertilizer reduced bacterial diversity and richness in the rhizosphere soil but exhibited minimal impact on fungal community structure. Notably, the bacterial genera unidentified_WD2101_oil_group and Rhizomicrobium were identified as potential key taxa enhancing capsaicinoid accumulation under S fertilizer. Additionally, Sphaerobacter (bacteria) and Pseudogymnoascus (fungi) emerged as critical microbial candidates driving the synthesis of volatile compounds in S-amended soils. This study provides new insights into the roles of rhizosphere microbiota under S fertilization, emphasizing their importance in improving pepper yield and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphate deprivation counteracts the cell death caused by loss-of-function of MEDIATOR 18 in Arabidopsis root meristems.","authors":"María Fernanda Ballesteros-Barrera, Adrián Ávalos-Rangel, Javier Raya-González, Jesús Salvador López-Bucio, José López-Bucio","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02094-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02094-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mutation of MEDIATOR 18 leads to death of highly proliferating cells within the Arabidopsis root apical meristem, which impairs root growth. Phosphate (Pi) is a macronutrient required to support mitotic activity in meristems, and its deficiency causes root growth inhibition; thus, we hypothesized that Pi availability could influence cell viability as well. With this in mind, in vitro experiments were performed varying the Pi concentration (0, 1, 10, and 250 µM) in the growth medium of Arabidopsis WT seedlings and med18-1 mutants to analyze meristem integrity and root hair development and correlate it with gene expression of selected promoter-reporter gene fusions. We found that WT (Col-0) seedlings entered the already reported determinate root growth program that terminates mitosis and differentiates primary root meristems at low (0, 1, and 10 µM) Pi concentrations. Unexpectedly, in marked contrast to the WT, med18-1 null mutant seedlings had healthy meristems under low Pi availability, and the cell death occurred only at high Pi (250 µM Pi). Root hair density and length were greater in med18-1 mutants than WT at all Pi concentrations tested. Gene expression analyses for cell cycle, auxin, and damage response as well as detection of hydrogen peroxide indicated that MED18 promotes the transit from cell division into differentiation of primary root tips induced by Pi starvation but protects the root meristem from genotoxic stress upon zeocin application. These results uncover an unexpected finding in which the lack of an essential macronutrient decreases the genotoxic pressure to highly proliferating plant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}