IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02119-0

Alok Senapati, Debaditya Gupta, Bimal K Chetri, Nihal Gujre, Sudip Mitra, Latha Rangan

{"title":"Linking genome size to life form and community structure in a semi-natural landscape from Northeast India.","authors":"Alok Senapati, Debaditya Gupta, Bimal K Chetri, Nihal Gujre, Sudip Mitra, Latha Rangan","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02119-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02119-0","url":null,"abstract":"Northeast India, a global biodiversity hotspot, harbors exceptional plant diversity within the Indo-Burma region. This study provides the first comprehensive integration of floristic, ecological, and genomic analyses of angiosperm diversity in North Guwahati, Assam, using the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati campus as a model semi-natural landscape. Systematic year-long surveys recorded 434 angiosperm species belonging to 312 genera and 101 families, including 70 trees, 86 shrubs, and 244 herbs (with 31 climbers and a few aquatics). Poaceae was the most species-rich family (34 species), followed by Fabaceae (29) and Cyperaceae (26), reflecting typical tropical diversity. Spatial analysis revealed strong habitat-specific species distribution, with open plains supporting the highest diversity (206 species) and forest edges harboring rare taxa. Community structure across four ecological zones showed significant spatial heterogeneity, with Zone 1 having the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity (H' = 4.084) and Zone 4 the highest evenness (E = 0.905). Nuclear DNA content (2C values) was estimated via flow cytometry for 110 species, contributing 58 novel genome size records and revealing a 98-fold variation (0.43-42.5 pg). Monocots had significantly larger genomes than dicots (4.79 vs. 1.63 pg, p < 0.001), and ecological trends showed a progressive increase in genome size from herbaceous (1.93 pg) to woody forms (2.50 pg), supporting the large genome constraint hypothesis. GIS mapping integrated taxonomic, ecological, and genomic data, uncovering spatial patterns in diversity and genome evolution. region. This comprehensive framework provides a crucial foundation for assessing biodiversity and guiding conservation efforts in this ecologically important region.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Supplemental nitrogen induces robust physiological and molecular adaptations by enhancing carbon metabolism in maize. 更正：补充氮通过增强玉米的碳代谢诱导强健的生理和分子适应。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02121-6

Joseph N Amoah, Claudia Keitel, Brent N Kaiser

引用次数: 0

Exogenous H₂S regulates growth, and antioxidative defense in tomato seedings in a concentration dependent manner under salt stress. 在盐胁迫下，外源H2S对番茄幼苗生长和抗氧化防御具有浓度依赖性。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02111-8

Rewaj Subba, Soumya Mukherjee, Piyush Mathur

{"title":"Exogenous H2S regulates growth, and antioxidative defense in tomato seedings in a concentration dependent manner under salt stress.","authors":"Rewaj Subba, Soumya Mukherjee, Piyush Mathur","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02111-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02111-8","url":null,"abstract":"H2S is a lipophilic gaseous molecule with the characteristic pungent \"rotten egg\" odour. Studies have shown that H2S at lower concentrations acts as a gasotransmitter, providing evidence for its crucial role in plant growth, development and stress responses. The present work underlies the effects of moderate and high concentrations of NaCl stress and two concentrations of NaHS (H2S donor) on certain metabolic signatures of tomato seedlings. In this study, tomato seedlings were grown under different NaCl concentrations (0 mM, 40 mM, 80 mM and 120 mM) and three concentrations of H2S, i.e. T0 (0 µM), T1 (25 µM) and T2 (100 µM) were applied exogenously. The results showed a reduction in MDA content, electrolytic leakage, Na+/K+ ratio, and proline content in tomato seedlings with exogenous application of H2S under NaCl stress. On the contrary, exogenous H2S application at T2 concentration increased chlorophyll content, RWC, endogenous H2S content, L-DES activity and ascorbate content under 80 mM NaCl stress. Concomitantly, exogenous H2S treatment, particularly at T2 concentration, upregulated the antioxidative enzyme activity like glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in NaCl-treated tomato seedlings. These results indicate that exogenous H2S application, especially at T2 concentration, imparts a higher amount of alleviation in salt-stressed tomato seedlings grown under 80 mM NaCl. Thus, a concentration-dependent interaction of NaCl stress and H2S signaling appears to be mediated through long-distance signaling in tomato seedlings.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developmental processes in flower differentiation of dioecious plants: insights from yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). 雌雄异株植物花分化的发育过程：来自巴拉圭马黛茶（Ilex paraguariensis）的启示。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02113-6

Alexandra Marina Gottlieb, Mariana Julia Garberoglio, Graciela Esther González, María Florencia Realini, Sonia Rosenfeldt

{"title":"Developmental processes in flower differentiation of dioecious plants: insights from yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis).","authors":"Alexandra Marina Gottlieb, Mariana Julia Garberoglio, Graciela Esther González, María Florencia Realini, Sonia Rosenfeldt","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02113-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02113-6","url":null,"abstract":"The dioecious species Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) holds significant economic and cultural value, yet key aspects of its reproductive development remain unresolved. This study combines histological, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cytogenetic analyses to elucidate floral ontogeny, microsporogenesis, and sexual differentiation in yerba mate. For both sexes, six arbitrary descriptive stages of floral development were established based on all available data. Our findings reveal that floral development follows a type I pattern, initiating as bisexual before diverging into unisexual flowers. In staminate flowers, functional androecium development coincides with early parenchymatization of the pistillode and suppression of megasporangial initiation-a potential adaptive strategy to minimise resource wastage. Cytogenetic analysis confirmed regular microsporogenesis, identified off-plate bivalents at higher frequencies than previously reported, and provided the first complete meiotic progression leading to gamete formation in this species. Besides, SEM revealed novel stephanocytic structures on pistillodes, interpreted as nectarostomata, suggesting a role in pollinator attraction. These findings challenge prior assumptions regarding nectary presence in yerba mate. In pistillate flowers, staminodes undergo abortion via tapetal degeneration and aberrant sporogenous tissue collapse before meiosis, aligning with previously defined categories of organ abortion. Sexual dimorphism emerges early and is governed by distinct mechanisms: constitutive pistillode sterility in males and selective microsporangial tissue abortion within the antherodes in females. This study advances the understanding of reproductive biology in a commercially important crop, providing key morphological and cytological insights that will guide future taxonomic, developmental, and evolutionary studies within Ilex.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145252059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A vital question-how to define inside and outside. 一个至关重要的问题——如何定义内部和外部。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02120-7

Peter Nick

引用次数: 0

Shedding light on deception: LAMP as a tool for detecting adulterants in herbal medicine. 揭示欺骗：LAMP作为检测草药中掺假成分的工具。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02117-2

P B Anju, Smita Nair

{"title":"Shedding light on deception: LAMP as a tool for detecting adulterants in herbal medicine.","authors":"P B Anju, Smita Nair","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02117-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02117-2","url":null,"abstract":"The integrity of herbal products is frequently undermined by both intentional and unintentional adulteration, leading to substantial health risks and economic losses. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a DNA-based molecular technique, has emerged as a formidable solution due to its simplicity, specificity, sensitivity, and ability to operate under isothermal conditions. The review critically evaluates the application of LAMP in authenticating herbal materials, showcasing its enhanced efficiency and user-friendliness compared to conventional techniques. The LAMP technique employs four to six primers that target six to eight distinct regions of the target DNA, ensuring unparalleled specificity. The amplification at a constant temperature negates the need for thermal cyclers, thus rendering it highly suitable for point-of-care applications and field-based authentication. The article presents case studies that illustrate LAMP's efficacy in detecting adulteration across traditional medicines, dietary supplements, and crude drug materials. Visualization methods in LAMP, such as turbidity, colorimetry, and fluorescence, greatly enhance its accessibility and ease of use, making it well-suited for both laboratory and field applications. Although there are limitations, such as primer design complexity and contamination risks, recent innovations, including the use of lyophilized reagents, multiplexing capabilities, and integration with mobile detection platforms, are significantly advancing the practicality of LAMP assays. This review underscores the potential of LAMP in both regulatory and commercial contexts, promoting the authenticity, safety, and quality of herbal products, thereby making a vital contribution to consumer protection and the sustainability of the herbal medicine trade.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and functioning of the floral nectary in Pseudobombax longiflorum (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae). 长花假bombax （bombacae, malvacae）花蜜的发育与功能。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02114-5

Matheus Abdon do Nascimento, Silvia Rodrigues Machado, Bárbara de Sá Haiad, Yve Canaveze

{"title":"Development and functioning of the floral nectary in Pseudobombax longiflorum (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae).","authors":"Matheus Abdon do Nascimento, Silvia Rodrigues Machado, Bárbara de Sá Haiad, Yve Canaveze","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02114-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02114-5","url":null,"abstract":"Floral nectaries are generally linked to an exchange that facilitates pollen transport, and consequently, pollination. We have characterized the ontogenesis, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the floral nectary of Pseudobombax longiflorum (Mart.) A. Robyns (Bombacoideae, Malvaceae) from a developmental perspective and related with secretion dynamics. Light and electron microscopies were used. The floral nectary is on the proximal and median portions of the adaxial face of the calyx. Protoderm, fundamental meristem, and procambial strands form the nectary. At maturity, it is composed of glandular claviform trichomes and nectariferous and subnectariferous parenchyma vascularized predominantly by phloem. Phenolic compounds, oils, and proteins were observed in the trichome and parenchyma cells. Druse crystals occurred in the parenchyma. Starch grains decreased in the parenchyma in pre-anthesis buds, and with the nectar exudation began. Mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and plastids containing starch grains characterize the cytoplasm of secretory cells and the apparatus compatible with nectar production. Plamodesmata occurred between parenchyma cells, parenchyma cell and basal trichome cell, and trichome cells, indicating a symplastic pathway of the pre-nectar. The downward flow of nectar through the apoplast could be prevented by the impregnation of lipids into the anticlinal walls of the stalk cell. In trichome apical cell, nectar accumulation occurred in periplasmic and subcuticular spaces. Nectar appeared to be externalized through the cell wall and cuticle. Insights into trichome development have enhanced our understanding of the formation of functional floral nectary components and nectar secretion in Malvaceae, marking the first ontogenetic and ultrastructural study in Bombacoideae.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tobacco two-pore calcium channel 1a is localised at the tonoplast, but acts on events at the plasma membrane. 烟草双孔钙通道1a定位于质质体，但作用于质膜。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02118-1

Qiong Liu, Lena Seidler, Peter Nick

{"title":"Tobacco two-pore calcium channel 1a is localised at the tonoplast, but acts on events at the plasma membrane.","authors":"Qiong Liu, Lena Seidler, Peter Nick","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02118-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02118-1","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium is a central signal regulating a plethora of cellular events. Specificity is brought about by spatio-temporal patterns, so-called signatures that are established by the activity of calcium channels residing in the membranes of different compartments. The role of two-pore calcium channels (TPC) for such signatures has been debated controversially, because evidence for localisation in both, the plasma membrane as well as in the tonoplast, has been proposed. Using a GFP fusion of the tobacco homologue NtTPC1A in the background of tobacco BY-2 cells, we show that this channel is localised at the tonoplast. This localisation depends on actin filaments, but not on microtubules, as shown by pharmacological interference. Since the construct is driven by the constitutive Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter, we can also detect phenotypic differences, such as impaired auxin-dependent cell elongation, reduced intracellular calcium content (that can be rescued by supplementation of calcium), and partial resistance to gadolinium, inhibitors of calcium influx. We also monitored the response to harpin, an elicitor from the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Here, the overexpressor line shows a higher sensitivity indicating that NtTPC1Aparticipates in defence-related programmed cell death. The data are discussed with respect to a role of NtTPC1A for spatial calcium signatures, and the regulation of cell growth by actin and auxin.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental nitrogen induces robust physiological and molecular adaptations by enhancing carbon metabolism in maize. 补充氮肥通过增强玉米的碳代谢而诱导强健的生理和分子适应。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02116-3

Joseph N Amoah, Claudia Keitel, Brent N Kaiser

{"title":"Supplemental nitrogen induces robust physiological and molecular adaptations by enhancing carbon metabolism in maize.","authors":"Joseph N Amoah, Claudia Keitel, Brent N Kaiser","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02116-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02116-3","url":null,"abstract":"Plants depend on nitrogen (N) to support their growth, development, and essential metabolic activities. However, the mechanisms modulating the distribution of N assimilates under supplemental N (SN) condition is unknown. This study examines carbon (C) metabolism and spatial distribution in maize seedlings subjected to three N treatments (T1 to T3): T1, 1 mM NO₃⁻ (low N, LN); T2, supplementation of 1 mM NO₃⁻ with 2 mM NO₃⁻ (1 mM NO₃⁻ → 2 mM NO₃⁻, SN); and T3, 2 mM NO₃⁻ (medium N, MN). SN treatment induced significant physiological and molecular adaptations, such as enhanced growth and total biomass under fluctuating N conditions. SN-treated plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic activity and significantly greater accumulation of soluble sugars, sucrose, and starch compared to those under LN and MN treatments. Activities of key C metabolism enzymes, such as sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SuSy) and invertases (INVs), starch synthase (SS), AGPase, α-amylase (AMY) and β-amylase (BAM) were significantly upregulated, supporting efficient C metabolism. Molecular analysis revealed transcriptional reprogramming under SN, marked by the upregulation of genes related to sucrose (ZmSPS1, ZmSuSy1, ZmINVs, ZmSUT2, ZmSTP2, ZmSUC2 and ZmSWEET14) and starch (ZmSS1, ZmAGPase1, ZmAMY1 and ZmBAM1) metabolism and transport. The spatial and diurnal analysis revealed dynamic C partitioning and adaptive regulation, with SN plants maintaining higher sucrose and starch levels in the leaves, sheath and roots. These findings highlight the robust plasticity of maize C metabolism under SN conditions and provide valuable insights into optimizing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for sustainable crop production. Future studies will focus on exploring these adaptive mechanisms across different maize genotypes and under field conditions to improve NUE and productivity in varying N environments.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145150602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retraction Note: Improved cryopreservation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) polyembryoids using droplet vitrification approach and assessment of genetic fidelity. 用液滴玻璃化法改进油棕（Elaeis guineensis Jacq.）多胚体的冷冻保存和遗传保真度评估。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02115-4

Saikat Gantait, Uma Rani Sinniah, Periasamy Suranthran, Sharrmila Rengeswari Palanyandy, Sreeramanan Subramaniam

引用次数: 0

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