Protoplasma最新文献

{"title":"Cellular demiurgs - engineer to understand.","authors":"Peter Nick","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02198-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02198-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"731-733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking genome size to life form and community structure in a semi-natural landscape from Northeast India.","authors":"Alok Senapati, Debaditya Gupta, Bimal K Chetri, Nihal Gujre, Sudip Mitra, Latha Rangan","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02119-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02119-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Northeast India, a global biodiversity hotspot, harbors exceptional plant diversity within the Indo-Burma region. This study provides the first comprehensive integration of floristic, ecological, and genomic analyses of angiosperm diversity in North Guwahati, Assam, using the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati campus as a model semi-natural landscape. Systematic year-long surveys recorded 434 angiosperm species belonging to 312 genera and 101 families, including 70 trees, 86 shrubs, and 244 herbs (with 31 climbers and a few aquatics). Poaceae was the most species-rich family (34 species), followed by Fabaceae (29) and Cyperaceae (26), reflecting typical tropical diversity. Spatial analysis revealed strong habitat-specific species distribution, with open plains supporting the highest diversity (206 species) and forest edges harboring rare taxa. Community structure across four ecological zones showed significant spatial heterogeneity, with Zone 1 having the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity (H' = 4.084) and Zone 4 the highest evenness (E = 0.905). Nuclear DNA content (2C values) was estimated via flow cytometry for 110 species, contributing 58 novel genome size records and revealing a 98-fold variation (0.43-42.5 pg). Monocots had significantly larger genomes than dicots (4.79 vs. 1.63 pg, p < 0.001), and ecological trends showed a progressive increase in genome size from herbaceous (1.93 pg) to woody forms (2.50 pg), supporting the large genome constraint hypothesis. GIS mapping integrated taxonomic, ecological, and genomic data, uncovering spatial patterns in diversity and genome evolution. region. This comprehensive framework provides a crucial foundation for assessing biodiversity and guiding conservation efforts in this ecologically important region.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"811-825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145293320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the holocrine oil gland in gills of silver carp using semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscopy.","authors":"Hanan H El Hafeez, Basma Mohamed Kamal, Hesham Ismail, Sherief M Abdel-Raheem, Ahmed M A Meligy, Soha A Soliman","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02149-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02149-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gills are associated with a gland known as the cervical gill slit gland. Little is known regarding the composition, function, and nature of the secretion from the gill slit glands. The current work used semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscopy to analyze the morphological aspects of the gill or brachial gland in the apparently, three healthy silver carp (H. molitrix). The oil cells' basal zone had a flattened profile, a prominent nucleus with euchromatin and distinct nucleuses, and cytoplasm with relatively few lipid droplets and an indistinguishable smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The maturation zone takes on a polyhedral form, has pronounced SER, and accumulates various lipid droplets. They have a dilated smooth nuclear membrane and a dilated SER. Lipid droplets may be associated with the SER. The pyknotic nucleus identified damaged oil cells that had empty spaces and were involved in different stages of making lipids connected to the formation of small sacs. More studies should be done to explore the chemical properties of the secretion, and the tissue features of the secretory epithelium to gain a clearer understanding of the signal produced by the gill slit gland.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"907-912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and methylglyoxal detoxification systems during leaf yellowing of macadamia.","authors":"Weihai Yang, Yuanbao Cai, Dongliang Hou, Qianqian Ouyang, Jun Chen, Wenjun Lei, Lizhen Zeng, Xiaopeng Li, Qiusheng Xiao, Na Chen, Qin Shao","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02166-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02166-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1075-1087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146107080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional roles of mastigonemes in Ectocarpus gamete swimming revealed by CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis.","authors":"Minori Harada, Gang Fu, Yacine Badis, J Mark Cock, Susana M Coelho, Chikako Nagasato, Taizo Motomura","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02159-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02159-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mastigonemes on the anterior flagellum (AF) of flagellated Stramenopiles (which includes diverse organisms such as diatoms, brown algae, oomycetes and others) are tripartite tubular structures. We investigated the functions of mastigonemes in gametes of the brown alga Ectocarpus species 7 strain Ec32 using a mas1 mutant generated by CRISPR-Cas9. Loss of mastigonemes in the mas1 mutant gametes could be confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy using a specific anti-MAS1 antibody and transmission electron microscopy, showing complete loss of mastigonemes from the AF. High-speed video analysis revealed a drastic reduction in swimming speed in the mas1 mutant gametes compared to wild type gametes, despite an increase in the AF beat frequency. Additionally, waveform analysis indicated larger AF double amplitudes in the mas1 mutant gametes. These results suggested that mastigonemes enhance the AF thrust. The mas1 mutant male gametes fertilized female gametes (wild type strain Ec25). A mas1 mutant female strain was established from the heterozygous sporophyte that developed from such a zygote. Both wild type and the mas1 mutant male gametes could fertilize the mas1 mutant female gametes. Mastigonemes are therefore dispensable for gamete recognition and fusion in the brown alga Ectocarpus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"943-954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the morphological heterogeneity of smooth muscle cells in two avian species: the muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) and the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica): ultrastructural and histochemical study.","authors":"Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez, Alaa Sayed Abou-Elhamd, Basma Mohamed Kamal, Hesham Ismail, Sherief M Abdel-Raheem, Mahmoud H A Mohamed, Ahmed M A Meligy, Soha A Soliman","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02152-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02152-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smooth muscle tissues exhibit significant functional diversity across various organ systems, but their cellular heterogeneity remains poorly understood. Recent ultrastructural investigations have identified two distinct populations of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), dark and light cells suggesting potential specialization in their roles. This study aims to comprehensively characterize these SMC subpopulations using a detailed morphological approach and histochemical techniques. This study characterizes two morphologically and functionally distinct smooth muscle cell (SMC) populations-light and dark cells-in avian intestinal and pulmonary tissues through comprehensive histochemical (H&E, Giemsa, Mallory/Crossmon's trichrome, silver stain, alcian blue, toluidine/methylene blue, PAS, Orange G) and ultrastructural (TEM) analyses. Light cells, identified by electron-lucent cytoplasm and secretory vesicles, and dark cells, marked by electron-dense cytoplasm and lysosomes, were consistently segregated within the intestinal muscular tunic and bronchovascular walls. Both subtypes contained dense bodies, confirming contractile capacity while suggesting specialized roles-light cells in secretory functions (e.g., extracellular matrix modulation) and dark cells in lysosome-mediated tissue remodeling. In pulmonary tissues, these cells populated the bronchial walls and the arterial tunica media, implicating subtype-specific contributions to airway resistance and vascular tone. The conserved presence of these populations across organs highlights their fundamental role in motility regulation, with clinical relevance to SMC pathologies: light cell dysfunction may underlie secretory disorders (e.g., mucus hypersecretion in asthma), while dark cell abnormalities could drive hypercontractile states (e.g., hypertension, achalasia). These findings establish avian models as powerful tools for investigating SMC heterogeneity, offering insights into phenotype-specific mechanisms in motility diseases and paving the way for targeted therapies that selectively modulate secretory or contractile SMC subpopulations to restore tissue homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"931-941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytological aspects of pollen germination in Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae).","authors":"Maria Júlia Gomes Marques, Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro, Rúbia Santos Fonseca, Hellen Cássia Mazzottini-Dos-Santos","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02161-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02161-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"955-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant emotion revisited: toward a new conceptual framework.","authors":"Katia Forsman, Jari Jussila","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02169-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02169-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"999-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecophysiology of the conjugating green algae (Zygnematophyceae) with emphasis on semiterrestrial habitats and specialized metabolic compounds.","authors":"Daniel Remias, Lenka Procházková","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02204-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02204-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The conjugating green algae (Zygnematophyceae) are regarded as sister group to land plants. Despite their morphological simplicity, recent genomic and other \"omics\" breakthroughs revealed a molecular toolkit for terrestrial survival that was established before the rise of embryophytes. This mini-review synthesizes advances by focusing on extreme habitats like glaciers, acidic peat bogs and aeroterrestrial surfaces. We highlight how environmental pressures have driven adaptations, including: (a) Genomic and cellular plasticity: substantial genome size variation and horizontal gene transfer events from soil bacteria that enhance metabolic flexibility. (b) Resistant life stages: the formation of zygospores and pre-akinetes with complex, multi-layered cell walls. (c) Specialized metabolites: the accumulation of unusual phenolics in vacuoles, cell walls or their excretion into the surroundings. These compounds, sometimes complexed with iron, function as photoprotectants against excessive UV and visible radiation but may have further roles as well. We address the lack of cultures to study zygospore formation and germination for life cycle studies, and the general under-sampling of \"orthodox\" habitats, where particularly members of the Serritaeniales and Zygnematales prevail. Resolving the phylogeny and chemical characterization of these algae is essential to understanding the ancestral stress-response mechanisms that enabled the colonisation of land.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147819915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of natural rubber biosynthesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz through integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.","authors":"Hao Xie, Changping Zhang, Zihan Guo, Fengqi Luo, Yan Zhang, Jie Yan","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02147-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02147-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"913-929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}