Protoplasma最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the effect of permeant solutes on the hydraulic resistance of the plasma membrane in cells of Chara corallina.","authors":"Masashi Tazawa, Randy Wayne, Maki Katsuhara","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-02000-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-02000-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the cells of Chara corallina, permeant monohydric alcohols including methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol increased the hydraulic resistance of the membrane (Lp_m^-1). We found that the relative value of the hydraulic resistance (^rLp_m^-1) was linearly dependent on the concentration (C_s) of the alcohol. The relationship is expressed in the equation: ^rLp_m^-1 = ρ_mC_s + 1, where ρ_m is the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficient of the membrane. Ye et al. (2004) showed that membrane-permeant glycol ethers also increased Lp^-1. We used their data to estimate Lp_m^-1 and ^rLp_m^-1. The values of ^rLp_m^-1 fit the above relation we found for alcohols. When we plotted the ρ_m values of all the permeant alcohols and glycol ethers against their molecular weights (MW), we obtained a linear curve with a slope of 0.014 M^-1/MW and with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. We analyzed the influence of the permeant solutes on the relative hydraulic resistance of the membrane (^rLp_m^-1) as a function of the external (π₀) and internal (π_i) osmotic pressures. The analysis showed that the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficients (ρ_m) were linearly related to the MW of the permeant solutes with a slope of 0.012 M^-1/MW and with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. The linear relationship between the effects of permeating solutes on the hydraulic resistance modifier coefficient (ρ_m) and the MW can be explained in terms of the effect of the effective osmotic pressure on the hydraulic conductivity of water channels. The result of the analysis suggests that the osmotic pressure and not the size of the permeant solute as proposed by (Ye et al., J Exp Bot 55:449-461, 2004) is the decisive factor in a solute's influence on hydraulic conductivity. Thus, characean water channels (aquaporins) respond to permeant solutes with essentially the same mechanism as to impermeant solutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenesis of the anastomosed laticifers of Allamanda cathartica (Apocynaceae) and the chemical nature of the stem latex.","authors":"Maria Gabriela Ferreira Figueiredo, Leonardo Monteiro Ribeiro, Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01999-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01999-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laticifers are secretive structures with important roles in controlling abiotic and biotic stress through the external release of viscous and bioactive latex emulsions composed of alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and mucilage. Allamanda cathartica is an attractive ornamental neotropical shrub that produces abundant latex with medicinal potential. The laticifers of this species, their origins, structural types, and distribution in the primary and secondary structures of the stem were investigated, and the chemical nature of latex was determined. Anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations of the stem apex were performed through light and electronic microscopy. Laticifers are abundant in the primary structure, being distributed in the cortex, outer primary phloem, and pith. Their branching, anastomosing structural type develops by the dissolution of the transverse and lateral walls of precursor meristematic cells, followed by protoplast fusion. The laticifers in the secondary structure are distributed amid the axial parenchyma cells of the phloem. The latex of A. cathartica is an emulsion composed mainly of mucilage and terpenes, and it is the first time that this laticifer system has been described.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142473223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucotoxicity suppresses function of pancreatic beta and duct cells via miR-335-targeted Runx2 and insulin-mediated mechanism.","authors":"Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu, Serap Sancar, Ayse Karatug-Kacar, Sehnaz Bolkent","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01997-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01997-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cell dynamics have important contributions to the development of type 2 diabetes and related diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged excessive glucose exposure on the functions of pancreatic beta cells and duct cells in single and co-culture conditions. In this study, we focused on the effects of glucotoxicity on insulin secretion which is the main function of beta cells and on progenitor functions of duct cells. Rat primary INS1 beta cells and ARIP duct cells were exposed to glucose (25 mM) for 72 h under single or indirect co-culture conditions. Glucotoxicity stimuli increased insulin secretion and decreased insulin expression in single beta cells while stimulating beta-cell differentiation and adipogenesis in single duct cells. On the other hand, glucotoxicity caused functional loss and increased proliferation and apoptosis in beta cells while increasing proliferation but suppressed beta-cell differentiation and adipogenesis in duct cells under co-culture conditions. The expression level of miR-335, a microRNA known to be upregulated by leptin and target Runx2, was measured. As a result, unlike single-cell culture, glucotoxicity upregulated miR-335, downregulated Runx2, and decreased insulin signaling in beta cells while downregulating miR-335 and upregulating Runx2, and decreased insulin signaling in duct cells under co-culture conditions. When the results of single and co-culture experiments are compared, insulin and miR-335 may be seen as important mediators for setting up the relation between beta and duct cells. Our findings are important for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease, even developing new diagnosis and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of digestive vacuole differentiation clarified by the observation of living Paramecium bursaria.","authors":"Keiko Obayashi, Yuuki Kodama","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01996-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01996-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paramecium bursaria is a ciliate species that has a symbiotic relationship with Chlorella spp. This study aimed to elucidate the dynamics of digestive vacuole (DV) differentiation in P. bursaria, using yeast stained with a pH indicator. Previously, DV differentiation in P. bursaria has been classified into eight periods based on fixed-cell observations. However, to understand the behavior and physiology of P. bursaria in its natural state, it is essential to observe living cells. This study presented a novel method using Cornig® Cell-Tak™ to immobilize living P. bursaria cells, which enabled long-term observation of the same cell from the same direction. This technique allowed for real-time observation of DV differentiation, including the relationship between changes in the internal pH of DV and the diameter of DV, yeast budding from the DV membrane by a single cell into the cytoplasm, and separation of a DV containing multiple yeasts into two DVs. This study provides new insights into the dynamic process of DV differentiation in P. bursaria. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying the symbiotic relationship between the two organisms and shed light on the complex process of intracellular digestion in ciliates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronological events unfolding the vegetative and floral phenology of apical bud in Crocus sativus.","authors":"Anjali Chaudhary, Ruchika Thakur, Tina Roy, Kanchan Yadav, Swati Verma, Kunal Singh","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01995-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-024-01995-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an infertile perennial geophyte considered the most expensive spice in the world. Seasonal fluctuations and climate change have significant impact on the growth, development, and yield of saffron stigma, which is the economically valued part of plant. The stigma being part of the flower, the knowledge of phenotypic transition from dormant apical bud up to flowering is vital, yet, not explored properly. The complexity of flowering in C. sativus further accentuates by the lack of clear demarcation between flowering and non-flowering corms in terms of weight and sizes, as small corms are known to be vegetative only, while large ones produce flower. Therefore, chronological phenotyping on a weekly and quarterly basis of apical shoot and flowering primordia between June and October was carried out to understand the organogenesis sequentially. In large corms, the stamen was the first floral organ to initiate followed by the formation of tepal from the base of the stamen. The plants exhibited both synanthous and hysteranthous flowering. Untargeted metabolome analysis of dormant apical bud just before dormancy break from flowering buds from large corms as well as non-flowering buds from small corms identified the presence of many differentially accumulated metabolites including sphingosine and meglutol. Key metabolites such as phytosphingosine, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid, 3-acetamidopropanal, 6-hydroxykynurenic acid, D-serine, and 1-D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate were also detected having associated with isoprenoid biosynthesis, lignin pathway regulation, and carbohydrate metabolism that participates in flowering. The integration of morphological, histological, and metabolomic data offers a comprehensive view of the flowering process that can be utilised in future biotechnological interventions in C. sativus.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitin-like and ubiquitinylated proteins associated with the maternal cell walls of Scenedesmus obliquus 633 as identified by immunochemistry and LC-MS/MS proteomics.","authors":"Justyna Kowalczyk, Kinga Kłodawska, Maria Zych, Jan Burczyk, Przemysław Malec","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01994-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01994-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cell walls of green algae Scenedesmus obliquus are complex, polymeric structures including an inner cellulose layer surrounded by an algaenan-containing trilaminar sheath. The process of autosporulation leads to the formation of sporangial (maternal) cell walls, which are released into the medium after sporangial autolysis. In this study, a fraction of maternal cell wall material (CWM) was isolated from the stationary phase cultures of Scenedesmus obliquus 633 and subjected to immunofluorescence microscopy using polyclonal anti-ubiquitin antibodies. The water-extracted polypeptide fraction from the maternal cell walls was then analyzed using immunoblotting and LC-MS/MS. An immunoanalysis showed the presence of several peptides reactive with polyclonal anti-ubiquitin serum, with apparent molecular masses of c. 12, 70, 120, 200, and > 250 kDa. Cell wall-associated peptides were identified on the basis of LC-MS/MS spectra across NCBI databases, including the Scenedesmaceae family (58 records), the Chlorophyceae class (37 records), and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (18 records) corresponding to the signatures of 95 identified proteins. In particular, three signatures identified ubiquitin and ubiquitin-related proteins. In the maternal cell walls, immunoblotting analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, and LC-MS/MS proteomics collectively demonstrated the presence of ubiquitin-like epitopes, ubiquitin-specific peptide signatures, and several putative ubiquitin conjugates of a higher molecular mass. These results support the presence of ubiquitin-like proteins in the extramembranous compartment of Scenedesmus obliquus 633 and suggest that protein ubiquitination plays a significant role in the formation and functional integrity of the maternal cell walls in green algae.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the phytochemical profile, biological potentials, morphological, and anatomical characteristics of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey.","authors":"Bilge Aydın, Satuk Buğra Alkuyruk, Enes Tekman, Hafize Yuca, Mehmet Karadayı, Yusuf Gülşahin, Ömer Çeçen, Gülnur Ekşi Bona, Betül Demirci, Mehmet Bona, Songül Karakaya","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01992-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01992-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclotrichium origanifolium, a plant widely used in Eastern and Southern Anatolia for culinary purposes, was subject of this study, which aimed to comprehensively evaluate its potential therapeutic applications. This research stands out due to its holistic approach, combining morpho-anatomical studies, chemical, and biological analyses to explore antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, genotoxic, and anti-genotoxic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as flowering aerial part essential oil. It is a perennial plant, typically ranging from 10 to 40 cm in height, with a suffrutescent and highly branched growth habit. Essential oils are produced within glandular trichomes. Oil, analyzed via GC-MS/MS, revealed 24 compounds accounting for 96.4% of oil, with isomenthone (52.4%), pulegone (23.4%), and β-pinene (9.5%) as predominant components. These findings are significant as they provide new insights into chemical composition of oils, particularly highlighting pharmacologically active compounds. Methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity, correlated with high phenol and tannin content. Essential oil showed moderate inhibition of α-amylase (49.54%) and mild inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (11.84%) and butyrylcholinesterase (16.93%), suggesting potential in managing oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Study also conducted biosafety evaluations using Ames/Salmonella and Allium tests, essential for assessing genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of natural products. Notably, significant antimicrobial effects were identified, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Comprehensive analysis and discovery of significant bioactivities position this research as a valuable contribution to field, distinguishing it from previous studies on similar species. This study provides a foundational understanding of morpho-anatomical, pharmacological, biological properties of plant, opening avenues for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Don't jump the gun quite yet: aiming for the true target in plant neurobiology research.","authors":"Paco Calvo, Vicente Raja, Miguel Segundo-Ortin","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01993-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01993-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In their recent paper, Kingsland and Taiz argue that proponents of plant intelligence and plant neurobiology misuse historical sources to support their claims, suggesting a pattern of bias. They critique the reliance on subjective judgments and the systematic misuse of past literature by notable scientists. This response addresses their criticisms while adhering to Rapoport's rules to foster constructive academic dialogue. We emphasize the importance of evidence-based research and highlight areas of agreement, including the fallacy of appealing to authority and the necessity for more robust empirical evidence. However, we also challenge their selective citation practices and argue that their narrative itself is subject to the same criticisms they levy. By examining recent works and pointing out overlooked rebuttals, we aim to clarify misconceptions and advocate for a more nuanced understanding of plant intelligence research. This dialogue underscores the need for rigorous, respectful scientific discourse to advance the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the occurrence of hyperhydricity in oil palm somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis process.","authors":"Thauan Martins Lelis, Ivonaldo Reis Santos, Inaê Mariê Araújo Silva-Cardoso, André Luís Xavier de Souza, Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes Gomes, Angela Mehta, Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01991-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01991-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The propagation of oil palm through somatic embryogenesis is the most effective method of cloning this palm tree; however, in vitro cultivation can lead to abnormalities in plant tissue, such as hyperhydricity. The present study aimed to evaluate the difference in anatomical, morphological, and histochemical characteristics, and gene expression in normal (Nm) and hyperhydric (Hh) somatic embryos of oil palm. For this purpose, Nm and Hh somatic embryos were collected from the differentiation medium and were submitted to anatomical and histochemical analyses to assess the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (toluidine blue), starch (Lugol), and proteins (XP), as well as ultrastructural analyses via transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, gene expression analyses were performed to gain a better understanding on the molecular aspect of hyperhydric abnormality. A higher quantity of differentiated Nm somatic embryos per explant was observed, with a germination rate close to zero in Hh somatic embryos. Additionally, a higher accumulation of proteins and starch was found in Nm somatic embryos when compared to Hh embryos. It was also noted that in Nm somatic embryos, protein reserves were primarily located in the proximal region (embryonic axis), whereas starch reserves were mainly accumulated in the distal region of the somatic embryos. Hh somatic embryos exhibit insignificant starch reserves, and a greater number of intercellular spaces were observed compared to Nm somatic embryos. However, some Hh somatic embryos displayed histochemical characteristics similar to Nm, which could explain the occurrence of reversions from the Hh state to the Nm state observed in this study. Regarding molecular analyses, the gene expression results obtained showed that out of the 19 genes analyzed, 17 were upregulated in hyperhydric embryos when compared to the control condition (normal somatic embryos). Genes involved in stress response, energy metabolism, defense, membrane transport, hormonal regulation, and development were positively regulated, especially those involved in ethylene synthesis and energetic metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study addressing hyperhydricity in oil palm during somatic embryogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloroplasts with clefts and holes: a reassessment of the chloroplast shape using 3D FE-SEM cellular reconstruction of two species of Chlamydomonas.","authors":"Naoki Sato, Mayuko Sato, Mayumi Wakazaki, Takashi Moriyama, Takashi Hirashima, Kiminori Toyooka","doi":"10.1007/s00709-024-01990-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-024-01990-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloroplasts are usually considered spheroid organelles, but this is not the only shape of chloroplasts. The chloroplast of Chlamydomonas has been typically described as cup-shaped. However, in old studies, it was also modeled as a complex shape with \"perforations\" or windows. Here, we reconstructed the cellular architecture of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and C. applanata using an array tomography system installed on a field emission scanning electron microscope. C. reinhardtii chloroplasts resembled a baseball glove or a cup without a side, featuring numerous large and small holes that may facilitate the transport of metabolites and proteins produced in the Golgi apparatus fitted in the holes. In a lipid-accumulating, high-light condition, the chloroplast volume increased by filling the side cleft with an entire wall. Many accumulated large lipid droplets were accommodated within the chloroplast holes, which could have been considered as \"chloroplast lipid droplets.\" Mitochondrial meshworks surrounded the chloroplast. C. applanata chloroplasts appeared like a folded starfish or a cup with many side clefts and a few holes. There was a single mitochondrion or two that branched in a complex form. Tight contacts of various organelles were also found in C. applanata. These reconstructions illustrate the complexity of chloroplast shape, which necessitates a revised understanding of the localization of lipid droplets and the evolution of chloroplasts: The prevailing image of the spheroid chloroplasts that reminds us of the similarity between chloroplasts and cyanobacteria is no longer tenable.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}