Protoplasma最新文献

{"title":"Do nectary morphology, anatomy, and nectar production differ between two Salvia taxa with contrasting floral traits and floral visitor assemblages?","authors":"J I Agüero, M Gotelli, C A Micelotta, S S Aliscioni","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02257-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-026-02257-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Floral nectaries are specialized structures that secrete nectar, a key floral reward mediating plant-pollinator interactions. Although floral morphology and nectar traits have been moderately studied in Salvia, the detailed structure and anatomy of nectaries remain less explored, limiting our understanding of their diversity and functional variation. This study compares the nectary accessibility, morphology, anatomy, and nectar production of two Salvia taxa with different floral traits and floral visitor assemblages: S. uliginosa and the the sterile hybrid cultivar S. 'Amistad'. Both possess annular, four-lobed nectaries positioned below the ovary, with the anterior lobe being the most developed. However, S. 'Amistad' exhibits significantly larger nectaries and produces higher nectar volumes (16.85 ± 1.13 µL) than S. uliginosa (0.36 ± 0.03 µL), with nectary size, particularly anterior lobe length, associated with nectar production differences. Anatomically, both taxa show a single-layered epidermis with open nectarostomata and a nectariferous parenchyma well supplied by vascular bundles containing phloem and xylem. Epidermal micromorphology differs between species: the cuticle is smooth in S. uliginosa but striate in S. 'Amistad'. Although bees dominated floral visitation in both taxa, hummingbirds accounted for a substantial proportion of visits (35.1%) to S. 'Amistad' and were the only visitors contacting its reproductive structures, whereas only bees contacted the reproductive structures of S. uliginosa. Because S. 'Amistad' is a sterile cultivar, floral visitor observations are interpreted in the context of differences in nectar accessibility, nectar production, and floral visitor assemblages rather than as evidence of pollinator-mediated selection. These comparative data reveal conserved nectary anatomy with subtle structural variation associated with nectar production differences between two Salvia taxa with contrasting visitor assemblages.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148920933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding MTSS2 phosphoregulation: its role in cytoskeletal dynamics and clinical implications.","authors":"Jishna Vijayan, Suhail Subair, Althaf Mahin, Athira Perunelly Gopalakrishnan, Alimath Sambreena, Athira C Rajeev, Rajesh Raju","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02195-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02195-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1509-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jasmonate and hydrogen sulfide interaction ameliorates maize seed germination under heat stress through consolidating antioxidant defense system.","authors":"Xiao-Ping Luo, Hong-Dan Zhou, Mi-Xue Tu, Zhong-Guang Li","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02233-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02233-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jasmonate (JA) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are important signaling molecules, which play a crucial role in plant growth and stress resilience. However, JA and H₂S interaction in ameliorating maize seed germination under heat stress is unclear. Therefore, in our study, the effect of seed priming with JA, NaHS (H₂S donor), their inhibitors on germination and seedling growth, JA and H₂S metabolism, and antioxidant defense activity under heat stress were investigated. The results showed that, as compared to the control without priming, seed priming with different concentrations (50, 100, 150, and 200 µM) of JA and NaHS increased germination percentage and seedling^,s shoot and root length, and 50 µM JA and 100 µM NaHS were more efficient than that of others, indicating JA and H₂S priming could ameliorate seed germination and seedling growth under heat stress. Also, JA and H₂S priming up-regulated each other^,s metabolic enzyme activity, gene expression, and endogenous level; and these effects were abolished by each other^,s inhibitors, suggesting JA and H₂S interaction in ameliorating maize seed germination under heat stress. Furthermore, JA and H₂S priming enhanced the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and the level of antioxidants in germinating seeds under heat stress. These results imply JA interacts with H₂S in ameliorating maize seed germination and seedling growth under heat stress through consolidating antioxidant defense system.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1817-1832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower development and morphoanatomy of Dendrophthora costaricensis Urb. (Viscaceae) and its implications in the taxonomy of Phoradendreae.","authors":"Alejandro V Yañez-Macias, Emmanuel Martínez-Ambriz, Sonia Vázquez-Santana","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02213-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02213-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dendrophthora is a genus of stem-parasitic plants that are commonly known as mistletoes. It exhibits a notable morphological similarity to Phoradendron, which makes differentiation difficult. Traditionally, the two genera are grouped within the tribe Phoradendreae. Molecular analyses have called into question the monophyly of each genus but confirm the monophyly of Phoradendreae. The unique distinction between genera is the number of locules in the anther. However, this feature introduces uncertainties when defining the two genera. Therefore, this study examines the development and floral morphoanatomy of Dendrophthora costaricensis to identify characters that distinguish it from Phoradendron. Standard histological and scanning electron microscopy techniques were employed. Staminate flowers of D. costaricensis have monosporangiate anthers throughout development, while the pistillode develops structures resembling a style and stigmodium. In pistillate flowers, the carpels are arranged in a ring with an internal placenta before ovule formation; there is no vestigial androecium. As the carpels close, a sessile stigma and two ategmic ovules develop, aligned in the dorsal-ventral plane of the flower. For the first time, a nectary has been observed in the gynoecium and pistillode of Dendrophthora. Anther wall development is monocotyledonous and basic, with dehiscence through an apical pore. We describe the development of pollen and unusual embryo sacs. While similarities exist in the development and floral morphoanatomy of the two genera, the presence of monosporangiate anthers and an Allium type of embryo sac development are distinctive features of Dendrophthora. Nonetheless, more research on floral development in Phoradendreae is needed for accurate comparisons.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1629-1654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147988622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylcholine as a shield: enhancing growth and salt tolerance in pepper through ionic homeostasis, hormonal regulation, antioxidant defence and gene expression.","authors":"Esra Yaprak, Sumeyra Ucar, Oguzhan Araz, Ertan Yildirim, Melek Ekinci, Murat Aydin, Esma Yigider, Metin Turan, S M Zubair Al-Meraj, Totan Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02223-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02223-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetylcholine (ACh), a potential neurotransmitter, shows growth and stress responses in plants. Despite, the underlying mechanisms of how ACh mitigates salt toxicity in pepper plants remains to be fully elucidated. Here, pepper plants pre-treated with different concentrations of ACh (0, 50 and 100 µM) were subjected to salinity stress (150 mM NaCl) to investigate their morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations. Salinity stress significantly arrested plant phenotypes, reduced leaf relative water content (LRWC), and altered essential nutrient elements and phytohormones. However, it led to tremendous acceleration of proline, sucrose, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR) as compared to the non-stress control plant. ACh greatly improved the plant's phenotypes in non-stress control plants and significantly repaired the phenotype of salinity-affected plants. ACh improved LRWC and plant nutrient status by restricting Na⁺ and Cl^-. However, it stimulated synthesis of phytohormones (except ABA), and bolstered the functions of SOD, CAT, POD, and GR under salinity stress. While salinity stress upregulated CaHKT1;1 and CaHKT1;2, ACh treatment downregulated them. Compared to control, salinity and ACh exposure stimulated the expression of genes governing Photosystem II (PSII) and antioxidant activity, highlighting a coordinated genetic defence mechanism of plant while mitigating salinity stress. However, significant induction of CaPsbD by ACh under salinity stress suggests the protective role of this phytochemical in PS II recovery. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that application of ACh (100 µM) improved most of the physiological and biochemical markers, effectively restoring plant growth despite salinity stress. The findings imply a crucial role for ACh in growth and mitigation of salt toxicity in the pepper plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1711-1728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148043495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grafting on resistant rootstocks alleviates salt stress on tomato by enhancing morpho-physiological and biochemical traits.","authors":"Md Sarowar Alam, Mark Tester, Gabriele Fiene, Gordon Wellman, Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02222-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02222-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity is a global threat to crop production, reducing yields and jeopardizing food and nutrition security. This study was performed to evaluate the salinity tolerance of high-yielding commercial tomato 'Super Sweet F₁'(SS), which was self-grafted, or cross-grafted with salt-tolerant rootstocks 'Maxifort F₁' (MF), 'Pimp-M021'(PM), and 'Ramsi' (RM). The plants were evaluated at low (18.2 mM NaCl) and high-water salinity (150 mM NaCl). The cross-grafted plants SS/MF and SS/PM showed similar responses under high salinity with increased leaf chlorophyll concentration, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), Na⁺ and K⁺ concentration, electrolyte leakage (EL), stomatal conductance, fruit number, and weight, when compared to non-grafted and self-grafted plants. Due to the salt stress, elevated activities of proline, total phenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), polyphenol oxidase (PPO; EC 1.14.18.1), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) were also measured in the leaves of SS/MF, SS/PM, and SS/RM in comparison with SS and SS/SS. The principal component biplot analysis confirmed that the grafted tomatoes, SS/MF and SS/PM, showed improved performance under salt stress compared with non-grafted, self-grafted, and cross-grafted SS/RM plants. This study revealed that Pimp-M021'(PM) could be a promising candidate beside the commercial Maxifort F₁ (MF) rootstock for tomato under salt stress conditions. Our findings demonstrated the positive effects of salt-tolerant rootstocks on tomato growth, yield, and fruit characteristics, and this could herald a sustainable tomato production practice in salinity-prone areas worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1747-1765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histochemical and histometrical changes induced by the rust fungi Kuehneola uredinis in distinct blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars.","authors":"Filipe R Valeriano, Ivana P de Sousa-Baracho, Rayssa R Marquesine, Karoline S de Sousa, Caíque M de Abreu, Cássia M Cabral, Cleber J da Silva, Maria do Céu Monteiro, Ivani T de Oliveira, Bruno G Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02230-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02230-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic fungi that cause rust adversely affect plants, including crops, affecting them differentially depending on the cultivar. This is the case of blackberry (Rubus spp.), a member of Rosaceae, introduced in Brazil by Embrapa during the 1980s and 1990s. Given the advantageous nutritional properties of its fruits and the relatively low management costs associated with its cultivation, blackberry production has emerged as a significant alternative agricultural source for family farmers. We studied nonsymptomatic leaves of Rubus spp. and those infected with Kuehneola uredinis to evaluate structural and histochemical alterations induced by the rust fungi and compared the responses among the three blackberry cultivars. Kuehneola urenidis colonizes the mesophyll region through hyphal growth, leading to the formation of a pseudoparenchyma and to cell hypertrophy. As colonization progresses, the epidermis becomes ruptured, leading to the production of urediniospores and teliospores. While the cultivars exhibit similar anatomical characteristics, their profiles diverge in the presence of K. uredinis. The Guarani cultivar exhibits more intense tissue expansion responses in the presence of the fungus, with an increase in total leaf blade thickness (15%) and adaxial epidermis thickness (25.9%). On the other hand, the BRS Xavante cultivar suffers the greatest structural losses, showing a reduction in mesophyll (9%) and a drastic 40% drop in palisade parenchyma thickness. Finally, the BRS Tupy cultivar proved to be more stable, maintaining better tissue preservation. In regions colonized by K. uredinis, the histochemical profile undergoes significant changes, characterized by the accumulation of phenolic compounds, proteins, lipids, and essential oils, compared with those in nonsymptomatic regions, although essential oils were less detected in the more susceptible BRS Xavante. Ultimately, our results confirm varying degrees of susceptibility among the cultivars, providing insights for future research and breeding programs aimed at developing rust-resistant blackberry varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1833-1847"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of microstructure and silicon of leaf in adaptation of Quercus robur trees to different light intensity.","authors":"Оlena M Nedukha","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02209-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02209-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose the experiment was to investigate the microstructure, localization, and content of silicon inclusions in the leaf epidermis of Quercus robur trees grown in forest-steppe zones of southern Ukraine with varying levels of solar radiation (sunlight intensities). The investigations utilized the electron microscopic method and laser confocal microscopy. It was determined that sunlight intensity influenced size and area of the leaves, leaf epidermis ultrastructure, and change in silicon content in epidermis of Q. robur leaves. The research indicated that trichomes, stomata, and ordinary epidermal cells of oak leaves were the primary accumulators of silicon. The results suggest that variations in the leaf size, microstructure and silicon content contribute to the optimal ability to absorb and reflect light on the leaf surface. These changes may be considered as indicators of plant phenotype plasticity and adaptive markers depending on light intensity conditions. The various compounds of these leaves, including of presence of wax structures and silicon, can be used for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1565-1579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on genomic selection breeding technology for crops.","authors":"Qiufei Wu, Yajing Dou, Haseeb Ahmad, Zongming Li, Lixia Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02218-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02218-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic selection (GS) uses genome-wide molecular markers and phenotypic data from a training population to predict breeding values or phenotypes in candidate populations. Unlike marker-assisted selection, GS does not require significance testing of individual markers and is particularly suitable for polygenic traits controlled by many small-effect loci, offering higher prediction accuracy, shorter breeding cycles, and improved efficiency. However, the practical implementation of GS in crops faces several challenges, including low prediction accuracy for traits influenced by genotype-by-environment interactions, difficulty in modeling non-additive effects without overfitting, and the high cost and limited interpretability of machine learning and multi-omics approaches. This review examines key factors that affect GS efficacy, with emphasis on training population design, the incorporation of non-additive effects, and the integration of multi-trait and multi-environment data. We discuss strategies for constructing training populations, compare linear, Bayesian, and machine learning models in terms of predictive performance and interpretability, and address the logistical and economic barriers to multi-omics integration, particularly in hybrid prediction. We also summarize the current status of breeding chip development for major crops. Finally, we highlight future directions, including the development of crop-specific chips, unified analytical platforms, and enhanced model interpretability, to bridge the gap between methodological advances and practical breeding applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1493-1507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148006443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aluminum and iron interactions in commelina communis: additive chloroplast toxicity versus synergistic internal and rhizosphere detoxification.","authors":"Masoumeh Hamed-Far, Roghieh Hajiboland, Roser Tolrà, Parviz Mohammadzadeh, Jelena Pavlovic, Fatemeh Nazari, Miroslav Nikolic, Charlotte Poschenrieder","doi":"10.1007/s00709-026-02210-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-026-02210-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acidic soils (pH < 5.5) contain elevated levels of phytotoxic aluminum (Al³⁺) and iron (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺); however, the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to their coexistence remain poorly understood. Commelina communis, an invasive weed prevalent on acid soils of tea gardens, was exposed to Al (50 and 100 µM) and Fe (100 µM), individually and in combination (pH 4.0), for four weeks. Plant biomass remained unaffected under single or combined stress, accompanied by reciprocal reductions in foliar metal concentrations. However, chlorosis, reduced photosynthetic pigments, and altered photochemical parameters indicated exacerbated chloroplast damage under combined Al and Fe toxicity. Conversely, phenolic and anthocyanin contents in leaves and oxalate in roots peaked under dual stress, coinciding with significantly reduced stress markers. Histochemical analysis revealed that Al³⁺ and Fe²⁺ mutually inhibited binding to root tips, reducing membrane injury under co-treatment. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of root tissues showed substantial decreases in cell wall-associated pectin and hemicellulose under Al stress, excess Fe and co-exposure, potentially limiting Al³⁺ and Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ binding and mitigating rhizotoxic effects. Al treatment alone suppressed malate and citrate exudation, whereas Fe toxicity increased their release. In contrast, oxalate and phenolics exudation were enhanced by Al and Fe, with maximum excretion under combined exposure. These findings reveal two interaction patterns: additive toxicity affecting chloroplast function, and synergistic enhancement of internal and rhizosphere-based detoxification. Taken together, these findings explain the robust spread of C. communis in acid soils, provide a framework for future research on metal co-tolerance, and may inform acid soil management strategies and the development of stress-resilient cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1593-1611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}