Protoplasma最新文献_第3页

Morphoanatomical, histochemical, and molecular characterization of female Cannabis plants from three Argentine strains. 三个阿根廷株大麻雌性植物的形态解剖、组织化学和分子特征。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02054-0

Cristian Vaccarini, María Inés Mercado, Graciela Inés Ponessa, Andrés McCarthy, Christina McCarthy, Raúl Amado Cattáneo, Daniela Sedan, Darío Andrinolo

{"title":"Morphoanatomical, histochemical, and molecular characterization of female Cannabis plants from three Argentine strains.","authors":"Cristian Vaccarini, María Inés Mercado, Graciela Inés Ponessa, Andrés McCarthy, Christina McCarthy, Raúl Amado Cattáneo, Daniela Sedan, Darío Andrinolo","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02054-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02054-0","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the morphoanatomical, histochemical, and molecular characteristics of three Cannabis sativa strains, CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3, acronyms for Argentine therapeutic strains in Spanish (Cepas Argentinas Terapéuticas), using bright light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The strains were previously cultivated and chemically characterized at CIM, UNLP, CONICET. Five plants from each strain were collected at the end of the vegetative and flowering phases; part of the material was fixed for anatomical studies, and part was used fresh for histochemical analyses. Anatomical features of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers were analyzed, focusing on stomatal density, trichome types, and the presence of laticifers. Histochemical analyses detected phenolic compounds, cannabinoids, lipophilic compounds, and other metabolites using specific staining techniques. Additionally, short sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers were employed to characterize and confirm the genomic identity of the strains. Morphoanatomical and histochemical traits enabled differentiation among the strains, revealing significant variations in leaflet dimensions, trichome density, and metabolic profiles. For example, CAT1 exhibited thicker leaves and larger stomata, CAT2 had a higher density of laticifers, and CAT3 showed a greater density of cannabinoid-rich glandular trichomes. Using SSR molecular markers, strain genomic identity was confirmed with a probability greater than 99.99999983%. This integrative approach, combining morphoanatomical, histochemical, and molecular analyses, highlights the unique features of CAT1, CAT2, and CAT3 and underscores the importance of molecular markers in validating strain identity.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1163-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trunk muscle differentiation-a lesson from the Chinese fire-bellied newt (Hypselotriton orientalis). 躯干肌肉的分化——来自中国火腹蝾螈（Hypselotriton orientalis）的教训。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02047-z

Magda Dubińska-Magiera, Marta Julianna Brania, Krzysztof Kolenda, Katarzyna Haczkiewicz-Leśniak, Małgorzata Daczewska, Marta Migocka-Patrzałek

引用次数: 0

Sand-trapping mechanism in psammophyte Ifloga spicata (Asteraceae). 沙生植物星科刺果的捕沙机制。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02107-4

Ilana Shtein

{"title":"Sand-trapping mechanism in psammophyte Ifloga spicata (Asteraceae).","authors":"Ilana Shtein","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02107-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-025-02107-4","url":null,"abstract":"Sands are a harsh habitat with limited water and nutrients, and danger of burial or mechanical injury by moving particles. Sand entrapping plants (psammophytes) actively fix sand on their surfaces, which presumably offers adaptive benefits, such as mechanical protection and camouflage. This short article deals with the structural-functional aspects of sand-trapping in the annual psammophyte Ifloga spicata (Asteraceae). Ifloga spicata outer surfaces are entirely covered with a dense coating of particles, mainly sand and dust. The leaves are needle-shaped and curled with the adaxial surface hidden inside. The entire outer epidermis is secretory, comprised of large cells with thick pectinaceous cell walls and upper cell wall junctions with numerous wall creases. Ruthenium red staining of fresh hand sections of the leaf demonstrated that the outer epidermal cells produce a pectinaceous substance, which upon wetting ruptures outside the cell, resembling pectin \"rays\" in the Arabidopsis seed coat. TEM imaging showed vesicles arriving at the plasmalemma, fusing with it and the secretory product accumulated in periplasmic spaces inside the cell wall. Ifloga spicata and other sand entrapping plants live in nutrient poor habitats. Foliar particle capture could have an additional benefit of phosphorus accumulation from leaf deposited dust particles, as known in several Mediterranean origin plants.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibition of flavohemeproteins enhances the emission and level of nitric oxide in barley root tips. 抑制黄血红素蛋白可提高大麦根尖一氧化氮的释放和水平。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02058-w

Loriana Demecsová, Ľubica Liptáková, Katarína Valentovičová, Veronika Zelinová, Ladislav Tamás

引用次数: 0

Acute and chronic toxicity study for Madhumukthi Kudineer Chooranum. 麻竹的急、慢性毒性研究。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02056-y

Rajamanickam Baskar, Govindaraju Bharathkumar, Yovas Rajammal Manekshah, Sikkal Selvaraaju Selvapriya, Thangarasu Hema Devi, Selvaraj Bharathi, Kuppuswamy Kavitha, Arumugam Rajalakshmi, Balasubramanian Ramesh

{"title":"Acute and chronic toxicity study for Madhumukthi Kudineer Chooranum.","authors":"Rajamanickam Baskar, Govindaraju Bharathkumar, Yovas Rajammal Manekshah, Sikkal Selvaraaju Selvapriya, Thangarasu Hema Devi, Selvaraj Bharathi, Kuppuswamy Kavitha, Arumugam Rajalakshmi, Balasubramanian Ramesh","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02056-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02056-y","url":null,"abstract":"Madhumukthi Kudineer Chooranum (MKC) is a decoction from polyherbal Siddha formulation for managing diabetes. The safety of this formulation has not been reported earlier. This study evaluates the chronic toxicity of the Siddha herbal formulation MKC in experimental Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In an acute oral toxicity study, male and female SD rats were orally administered a single dose of MKC (2000 mg/kg), and clinical signs and mortality stages were observed for 14 days along with weekly body weight. On day 15, the rats were euthanized and the gross morphology was carried out during necropsy. In a chronic (repeated dose) oral toxicity study, the male and female rats were orally administered MKC (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) once daily for up to 180 days. MKC showed outstanding tolerance in SD rats with a NOAEL of 2000 mg/kg, with no adverse effects or death during the study. In acute and chronic toxicity trials, MKC did not alter parameters or cause harmful effects. No group died or became moribund in either study.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seaweed-based PPO inhibitors as a new frontier in biological weed control for sorghum cultivation: from ocean to field. 以海藻为基础的 PPO 抑制剂是高粱种植中生物除草的新领域：从海洋到田野。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02049-x

Renuka Suresh, Ramanathan Karuppasamy

{"title":"Seaweed-based PPO inhibitors as a new frontier in biological weed control for sorghum cultivation: from ocean to field.","authors":"Renuka Suresh, Ramanathan Karuppasamy","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02049-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02049-x","url":null,"abstract":"Weed management, particularly of broad-leaf species, poses a significant challenge in sorghum production, potentially causing up to 70.9% yield loss. Conventionally, herbicides are the site-specific weed inhibitors often used to suppress the growth of these weeds. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) is an important target for developing novel herbicides with remarkable selectivity against these broad-leaved weeds. In particular, saflufenacil is a selective PPO herbicide that can provide temporary relief. However, their prolonged use could lead to various environmental constraints and the evolution of resistant weeds. Recently, bioherbicides are emerging as an alternative to commercial herbicides with safer environmental profiles and combat resistance. On that note, this study aimed to identify novel and safer bioherbicides derived from seaweeds to outright bans on the use of most synthetic herbicides and address herbicide resistance. High-end computational screening strategies including molecular docking, binding free energy, in-house developed ML-based VS, and herbicide-likeness were used to pinpoint the lead molecule against the wild and mutant (∆G210) type AtPPO. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to validate the binding kinetics of the hit compound. Indeed, the bromophenol derivative BL003, isolated from brown algae, emerged as the hit compound from our analysis. Remarkably, BL003 demonstrated superior binding affinity and stability compared to saflufenacil against both wild-type AtPPO and the mutant AtPPOΔG210. Thus, our findings could open new avenues for developing sustainable, seaweed-derived herbicides for sorghum cultivation. This research could contribute to the ongoing efforts to create environmentally friendly weed management solutions in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1085-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pectin: a key component deposited in the exine of Annona montana potentially associated with exine shedding. 果胶：一种关键成分沉积在蒙大拿州番荔枝的外皮可能与外皮脱落有关。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02064-y

Bingxin Li, Fengxia Xu

引用次数: 0

Unveiling two types of reproductive nectaries in Pseudobombax argentinum (Malvaceae-Bombacoideae). 揭示 Pseudobombax argentinum（锦葵科）的两种生殖蜜腺。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02044-2

Lucía M Zini, Elsa C Lattar

{"title":"Unveiling two types of reproductive nectaries in Pseudobombax argentinum (Malvaceae-Bombacoideae).","authors":"Lucía M Zini, Elsa C Lattar","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02044-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02044-2","url":null,"abstract":"Nectaries in Malvaceae are in general trichomatous glandular structures usually aggregated in cushions. However, little is known on the diversity of nectaries in the Bombacoideae subfamily. Pseudobombax argentinum presents two contrasting types of nectaries in the flower that were investigated for the first time using light, confocal laser and scanning electron microscopy, and field observations. Sepal nectaries are elevated glands on the abaxial side of the calyx tube. The exuded nectar was exclusively consumed by ants in the period between the flower bud development and the anthesis. The nectaries consist of secretory epidermis, nectary, and subnectary parenchyma. The two latter tissues are vascularized by phloem and xylem. Nectar release could occur both through the rupture of the cuticle or through the papillae. Histochemical tests indicated that secretions on the epidermis presented polysaccharides, pectins, and proteins. The second type of nectary corresponds to secreting areas on the external side of the staminal tube, which were active when the flower opening was initiated in the early evening and for 2 days. Bees and hummingbirds searched for this nectar in daylight hours. These nectaries are non-structural, with nectarostomata probably involved in the nectar release. Our findings suggest that the primary function of sepal nectaries is to attract and feed ants, while staminal nectaries play a role in rewarding pollinators. Both nectaries are non-trichomatous. The evaluation of variations in nectaries may be useful to determine evolutionary changes of this trait and its systematic importance. Thus, a comparison of nectary types across the Malvaceae groups is presented.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1103-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143543178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Root idioblasts reveal a specialized underground site for the storage of putative alkaloids in Rutaceae. 根异母细胞揭示了在芸香科植物中一个专门的储存生物碱的地下场所。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02063-z

José Fernando Richit, Sofia Aumond Kuhn

{"title":"Root idioblasts reveal a specialized underground site for the storage of putative alkaloids in Rutaceae.","authors":"José Fernando Richit, Sofia Aumond Kuhn","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02063-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02063-z","url":null,"abstract":"Rutaceae plants are a rich source of alkaloids, but their cell-specific localization remains relatively unknown in the underground tissues, except for the acridone-containing idioblasts in Ruta graveolens roots. To fill this gap, we used broad taxonomic sampling to investigate both the microchemistry and the root structure of Rutaceae species. Utilizing both transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy, we examined seven distinct Rutaceae species to determine if root idioblasts were present. For the microchemical analysis of the idioblasts contents, we employed Nile red staining and Dragendorff's test. All analyzed species presented root idioblasts with contents that are reactive with Dragendorff's reagent and Nile red, suggesting the presence of putative alkaloids and lipophilic environments, respectively. These idioblasts are typically found in the radicular cortex and can be easily observed under UV light due to their autofluorescent contents. We found that the occurrence of root idioblasts is a widely distributed condition in Rutaceae, showing for the first time both structural and microchemical analyses for broad taxonomic sampling. These cell types could play an important role in alkaloid metabolism in the underground tissues of plants in this family and offer an exciting opportunity for future investigations.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1337-1342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repair effects of melatonin application on physiological damages induced by UV-B radiation in alfalfa seedlings. 褪黑素对紫花苜蓿幼苗UV-B辐射生理损伤的修复作用。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protoplasma Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-025-02067-9

Yongfeng Li, Haitao Men, Jiajia Li, Wenxia Cao, Yu Pan, Limei Gao

{"title":"Repair effects of melatonin application on physiological damages induced by UV-B radiation in alfalfa seedlings.","authors":"Yongfeng Li, Haitao Men, Jiajia Li, Wenxia Cao, Yu Pan, Limei Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00709-025-02067-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00709-025-02067-9","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin is one of the important endogenous signaling molecules for regulating plant growth and development, and various abiotic stress responses. UV-B is an intrinsic component of sunlight. Plants are particularly vulnerable to UV-B radiation compared to other abiotic stressors due to their sessile growth patterns. Previous studies reported that melatonin played a key role in Arabidopsis UV-B signaling responses and UV-B resistance. However, there are still few reports on the biological effects of melatonin in leguminous plants responses to UV-B. We have selected alfalfa pretreated with exogenous melatonin, coumarin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine as biological materials, and the interactive effects between melatonin metabolisms in plant and UV-B radiation will be investigated by testing hypocotyl elongation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, physiochemical reaction, antioxidant defense, and its related gene expression. The results have showed that UV-B radiation significantly inhibited hypocotyl elongation, altered leaf phenotype and photosynthetic parameters, induced ROS levels and cell membrane damage, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities except for POD (Peroxidase), and downregulated related gene expression. However, exogenous melatonin efficiently repaired detrimental effects by UV-B radiation through activating antioxidant defense and enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. We have also found that 5-hydroxytryptamine treatment displayed the same biological effects via increasing endogenous melatonin. However, coumarin application had no obvious improvements. These data will provide experimental foundation for further understanding legume responses to UV-B and its molecular mechanisms, and also fill the research gaps in this field.","PeriodicalId":20731,"journal":{"name":"Protoplasma","volume":" ","pages":"1309-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0