Phytochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Scutellaria baicalensis extract prevents metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by modulating the gut-liver axis in high-fat diet mice","authors":"Liting Ma ,&nbsp;Yizhu Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Ren,&nbsp;Lijia Pan,&nbsp;Xinze Li,&nbsp;Shen Wang,&nbsp;Dihao Li,&nbsp;Meiyu Zhang,&nbsp;Fangtong Li,&nbsp;Fei Zheng,&nbsp;Hao Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging evidence indicates that metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier function. <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em> extract (SBE) has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, the investigation conducted explored whether SBE can alleviate MASLD and the possible mechanism involving the gut-liver axis. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of SBE using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS and UPLC-QqQ-MS revealed that the major component of SBE was Baicalin, which accounted for approximately 94.12 %. A mice model of MASLD was established by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD) and administering SBE intragastrically. The effects of SBE on liver biochemical parameters, intestinal histopathology, intestinal integrity, and gut microbiota were evaluated. SBE restored the expression of TJs in the intestine and ameliorated the increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa induced by the HFD, thereby enhancing the function of the intestinal barrier. In addition, SBE altered the composition of the gut microbiota in mice with MASLD, decreasing the abundance of <em>Helicobacter</em> and increasing the abundance of <em>Bacteroidota</em>. The results of fecal metabolomics showed that medium-dose SBE significantly upregulated the levels of 11 metabolites, including cholic acid, and downregulated the levels of 13 metabolites, including allantoic acid. Moreover, SBE may reverse HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in mice, suggesting that SBE could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for MASLD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sesquiterpenoids from Chloranthus holostegius var. shimianensis: Structures and anti-inflammatory activities","authors":"Jia-Xin Huang ,&nbsp;Long-Gao Xiao ,&nbsp;Tao-Bin He ,&nbsp;Huan Yan ,&nbsp;Xiao-Xiao Huang ,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seven previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids, designated as chloranholosins N‒T (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>7</strong>), including two acorane-type sesquiterpenoids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>2</strong>), two lindenane-type sesquiterpenoids (<strong>3</strong>–<strong>4</strong>), and three eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (<strong>5</strong>–<strong>7</strong>), together with six known analogues (<strong>8</strong>–<strong>13</strong>) were isolated from the whole plants of <em>Chloranthus holostegius</em> var. <em>Shimianensis</em>. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by a comprehensive method including the spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> are the first instances of eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids with tigloyl and senecioyl substitutions at C-15, respectively. Additionally, the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against LPS induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Among them, compounds <strong>5</strong> and <strong>10</strong> showed significant inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 9.35 ± 1.49 and 3.94 ± 0.69 μM, respectively. Compounds <strong>1</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>4</strong>, <strong>6</strong>, <strong>9</strong>, and <strong>12</strong> showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values from 10.48 to 35.36 μM, compared with that of the positive drug dexamethasone at 15.01 ± 1.33 μM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114740"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145669076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Xuetonlignans E-K, unusual spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans with hepatoprotective activity from the roots of Kadsura heteroclita’ [Phytochemistry 239 (2025) 114594]","authors":"Wei Su,&nbsp;Xudong Zhou,&nbsp;Hanwen Yuan,&nbsp;Gang Fu,&nbsp;Shiqi Liu,&nbsp;Qingling Xie,&nbsp;Yupei Yang,&nbsp;Kang Zhou,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Bin Li,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated comprehensive review on phytochemical Crinum L. genus alkaloids (2013–2025): Unlocking their anticancer potential","authors":"Mariam G.A. Alex ,&nbsp;Seham S. El Hawary ,&nbsp;Farouk R. Melek ,&nbsp;Amira S. El Senousy ,&nbsp;Samar M. Bassam ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Mohyeldin","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae) is widely recognized for its ornamental significance and phytochemical richness, particularly its diverse bioactive alkaloids. These alkaloids demonstrate promising anticancer properties, with mechanisms involving the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor proliferation, and suppression of angiogenesis. Studies on <em>Crinum</em> L. species have revealed that bulbs and roots harbor the highest concentrations of bioactive alkaloids, making them the most valuable sources for pharmaceutical applications. These organs are rich in lycorine-<strong>,</strong> crinine-, and galantamine<strong>-</strong>type alkaloids, which exhibit potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. However, only 35 out of 130 <em>Crinum</em> L. species have undergone phytochemical investigation, presenting a considerable research gap. This review examines over 60 <em>Crinum</em> L. species and covers ∼200 alkaloids. It provides a holistic and updated overview of <em>Crinum</em> L. alkaloids from 2013 to 2025, including their biosynthetic pathways, structural classification, and biological activities, with an emphasis on their potential in cancer therapeutics. Additionally, future research directions are proposed, including the development of advanced drug delivery systems, synthetic modifications, and clinical applications, to bridge the gap between phytochemical studies and medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145701604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abietane diterpenoids and their biological activities from Premna herbacea Roxb.","authors":"Passakorn Teerapongpisan ,&nbsp;Angkana Doungsanit ,&nbsp;Wuttichai Jaidee ,&nbsp;Waroton Paisuwan ,&nbsp;Virayu Suthiphasilp ,&nbsp;Sarawut Tontapha ,&nbsp;Natcha Injan ,&nbsp;Somkiat Nokbin ,&nbsp;Pakit Kumboonma ,&nbsp;Rawiwan Charoensup ,&nbsp;Siau Hui Mah ,&nbsp;Sarot Cheenpracha ,&nbsp;Surat Laphookhieo ,&nbsp;Tharakorn Maneerat","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A phytochemical investigation of the roots of <em>Premna herbacea</em> Roxb. led to the isolation and characterization of ten abietane-type diterpenoids, including five previously undescribed compounds: premnaherbietones A and B (<strong>1</strong> and <strong>4</strong>), and premnaherbietanes A–C (<strong>5</strong>–<strong>7</strong>). Structural elucidation was achieved using comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS) and confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The previously undescribed compounds possess diverse carbon skeletons, including quinonemethide abietane, 20(10 → 5)-<em>abeo</em>-abietane, and <em>seco</em>-4,5-abietane frameworks. Selected compounds (<strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>9</strong>, and <strong>10</strong>) were evaluated for their <em>α</em>-glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities. Salvilenone (<strong>10</strong>) exhibited <em>α</em>-glucosidase inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 34.6 μM, significantly outperforming the positive control, acarbose (IC₅₀ = 190.4 μM). In silico molecular docking revealed that compound <strong>10</strong> interacts with key active site residues of <em>α</em>-glucosidase through hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions, supporting its inhibitory potential. Bharangin (<strong>2</strong>) demonstrated notable cytotoxicity against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with an IC₅₀ value of 19.4 μM. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for the isolated diterpenoids is also proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"γ-lactam and γ-lactone-containing sesterterpenoids from Colquhounia coccinea var. mollis with immunosuppressive activity","authors":"Shu-Xi Jing ,&nbsp;Chun-Huan Li ,&nbsp;Yan-Chun Liu ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Zhou ,&nbsp;Ran Fu ,&nbsp;Shi-Hong Luo ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiao-Nian Li ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Sheng-Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ten previously undescribed sesterterpenoids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>10</strong>), characterized by <em>α,β-</em>unsaturated-<em>γ-</em>lactam and <em>γ-</em>lactone motifs, were isolated from <em>Colquhounia coccinea</em> var. <em>mollis</em> and their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic analyses (1D/2D NMR, HRMS, ECD) and X-ray crystallography. Biological evaluation identified colquhoulactam A (<strong>1</strong>) as an inhibitor of IFN-γ secretion in T cells, exhibiting an IC₅₀ value of 12.83 μM and superior activity compared to its <em>γ</em>-lactone analogues. Furthermore, plausible biogenetic pathways were proposed to link lactam-bearing colquhoulactams to colquhounoids, underscoring divergent oxidative modifications in terpenoid biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1H NMR guided isolation of flavans from Broussonetia papyrifera and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity","authors":"Tingting Guo ,&nbsp;Kepu Huang ,&nbsp;Qingfang Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Peng ,&nbsp;Xingping Zhang ,&nbsp;Congxi Gao ,&nbsp;Kou Wang ,&nbsp;Hongping He ,&nbsp;Mingming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six undescribed flavans (<strong>1–6</strong>) and four known analogues (<strong>7–10</strong>) were isolated from the leaves of <em>Broussonetia papyrifera</em> with the guidance of ¹H NMR. Among them, <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> were characterized as prenylflavan derivatives with hydroxymethyl and ethoxy moiety, respectively. Their structures were established through comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. The absolute configurations were determined by theoretical calculations of electronic circular dichroism. Notably, compounds <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> exhibited superior <em>α</em>-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC₅₀ values of 5.87 and 6.26 μM, respectively. Additionally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed using <strong>5</strong> and <strong>6</strong> with IMA1, an <em>α</em>-glucosidase derived from <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>, to analyze their potential binding sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization and directed evolution of Cicer arietinum glutathione transferases for enhanced hydroperoxidase activity and ligandin function","authors":"Anni Kontouri ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Georgakis ,&nbsp;Anastassios C. Papageorgiou ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Ε. Labrou","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tau class glutathione transferases (GSTUs) play essential roles in plant defense by facilitating the nucleophilic attack of glutathione (GSH) to a wide range of electrophilic xenobiotics. In addition to their conjugating activity, these enzymes possess hydroperoxidase function, enabling the detoxification of harmful organic hydroperoxides into less reactive alcohols. In this study, we identified three closely related GST isoenzymes (96–98 % sequence identity) from <em>Cicer arietinum</em> (<em>Ca</em>GSTUs) through computational homology screening. Full-length cDNAs encoding these GSTs were cloned, recombinantly produced in <em>E. coli</em>, and purified for functional characterization. Enzyme kinetics were evaluated using model substrates, cumene hydroperoxide (CuOOH) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), revealing that <em>Ca</em>GSTU1-1 displayed superior hydroperoxidase activity and thermal stability. Based on these properties, <em>Ca</em>GSTU1-1 was selected as the parental scaffold for directed evolution via DNA shuffling, using the homologous <em>Glycine</em> max isoenzyme <em>Gm</em>GSTU4-4. Screening of the generated chimeric library resulted in the identification of a new variant, <em>CaGm</em>GSTU, which demonstrated a fourfold enhancement in catalytic turnover and efficiency toward both substrates. Additionally, <em>CaGm</em>GSTU exhibited altered ligand-binding characteristics, including increased affinity for selected pesticides. Structural modeling and viscosity-dependence kinetics indicated that these enhancements were primarily driven by changes in enzyme flexibility. Given the widespread toxicity of hydroperoxides and related pollutants, <em>CaGm</em>GSTU represents a promising tool for detoxification applications in environmental and agricultural biotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbacetin and gossypetin glycosides from Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. and S. takesimense Nakai, and their antioxidant, anti-aging, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities","authors":"Su Hui Seong ,&nbsp;Bohyun Yun ,&nbsp;Jin-Ho Kim ,&nbsp;Chan Seo ,&nbsp;Seahee Han ,&nbsp;Tae-Su Kim ,&nbsp;Bo-Ram Kim ,&nbsp;Ha-Nul Lee ,&nbsp;Sua Im ,&nbsp;Jung Eun Kim ,&nbsp;Ji-Min Jung ,&nbsp;Kyung-Min Choi ,&nbsp;Jin-Woo Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Sedum</em> is recognized for its diverse biological activities; however, the potential anti-depressive properties of <em>Sedum kamtschaticum</em> Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey. and <em>S</em>. <em>takesimense</em> Nakai, along with their bioactive constituents, remain unexplored. Therefore, this study was conducted to profile the phytochemicals of SK and ST and evaluate their antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-monoamine oxidase potential <em>in vitro</em>. The 70 % ethanolic extracts of SK and ST showed radical-scavenging, anti-aging, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities. Through ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, three phenolic acids, 12 phenolic glucosides, one ellagic acid, and 14 flavonoids were identified. Notably, four flavonoids were reported for the first time: gossypetin-3,5-di-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-glucopyranoside-8-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-xylopyranoside (<strong>7</strong>), gossypetin-3,5-di-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-glucopyranoside-8-<em>O</em>-α-<span>l</span>-arabinopyranoside (<strong>8</strong>), herbacetin-3,5-di-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-glucopyranoside-8-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-xylopyranoside (<strong>10</strong>), and herbacetin-3,5-di-<em>O</em>-β-<span>d</span>-glucopyranoside-8-<em>O</em>-α-<span>l</span>-arabinopyranoside (<strong>11</strong>), as characterized through mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, electronic circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The biological activity assay revealed that most flavonoids exhibited significant antioxidant and lifespan-extending activities. Moreover, their aglycones—gossypetin and herbacetin—exhibited potent and selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B. These findings suggest that gossypetin- and herbacetin-based flavonols, the main active compounds in <em>S</em>. <em>kamtschaticum</em> Fisch. &amp; C. A. Mey. and <em>S</em>. <em>takesimense</em> Nakai, may be employed as lead structures in the development of functional foods or drugs to prevent diseases caused by aging and neurotransmitter imbalances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145459487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive specialized metabolites of Trochila sp., an endophytic fungus of Lilium carniolicum","authors":"Mostafa Alilou ,&nbsp;Yun Liu ,&nbsp;Magdalena Steixner ,&nbsp;Isidor Happacher ,&nbsp;Sigrid Beate Abt ,&nbsp;Ursula Fürnkranz ,&nbsp;Fabio Gsaller ,&nbsp;Ursula Peintner ,&nbsp;Hubertus Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioprospecting of a rice culture of <em>Trochila</em> sp. BGP15P7IS3, an undescribed endophytic fungus from <em>Lilium carniolicum</em>, resulted in isolation and identification of eleven specialized metabolites, of which four pyridone alkaloid derivatives (<strong>1</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, <strong>4,</strong> and <strong>5</strong>) and a biphenyl derivative (<strong>8</strong>) were identified as previously undescribed natural products. Moreover, two dibenzofuran derivatives, isousnic acid and usnic acid (<strong>9</strong> and <strong>10</strong>) with <em>S</em> absolute configuration were reported for the first time from an endophytic fungus. Additionally, the absolute stereochemistry of the previously described compound <strong>7</strong> was determined. The structure of the compounds isolated was established by means of HR-ESI-MS, 1- and 2D NMR, and ECD calculations, as well as utilizing previously published data. All isolates available in sufficient quantities were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against a plant pathogen, <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, and four human pathogens, <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em>, <em>Aspergillus flavus</em>, <em>Candida albicans</em>, and <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em>, as well as a human sextually transmitted parasite, <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em>. Compound <strong>3</strong> displayed antifungal activity only against <em>C. neoformans</em> with an MIC value of 12.5 μg/mL, and compound <strong>6</strong> exhibited promising antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.39–3.25 μg/mL against all the aforementioned fungal pathogens, and a concentration-dependent growth inhibitory property against <em>T. vaginalis</em>. Based on the identification of derivatives, a revised biosynthetic pathway for pyridone-type alkaloids was proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 114684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}