Phytochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Anthractones A-F, antibacterial anthraquinone lactones from the biotransformation of aloe-emodin by Fusarium citricola","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Chai ,&nbsp;Longfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengting Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenhui Wang ,&nbsp;Xueqian He","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Six aloe-emodin derivatives, anthractones A-F (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>6</strong>), along with the known compound <em>N</em>-phenethylacetamide (<strong>7</strong>), were obtained from the biotransformation of aloe-emodin by <em>Fusarium citricola</em> HPU-L64, a fungus isolated from the Yellow River wetland. The structures of <strong>1</strong>–<strong>7</strong> were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS data, and X-ray crystallography. Anthracetones possess a distinctive fused 6/6/6/6/6 pentacyclic ring system, contrasting with the typical 6/6/6 tricyclic scaffold of previously reported aloe-emodin derivatives. Anthractone D exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (MIC = 2.6 μM), demonstrating greater potency than aloe-emodin (MIC = 14.8 μM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical study of Fissistigma fulgens (Hook.f. & Thomson) Merr. leaves: Previously undescribed dihydrochalcone derivatives and their biological activities","authors":"Passakorn Teerapongpisan ,&nbsp;Wuttichai Jaidee ,&nbsp;Theanchai Wiwasuku ,&nbsp;Sarot Cheenpracha ,&nbsp;Natcha Injan ,&nbsp;Somkiat Nokbin ,&nbsp;Kittirat Saharat ,&nbsp;Atthapan Morchang ,&nbsp;Phateep Hankittichai ,&nbsp;Rawiwan Charoensup ,&nbsp;Raymond J. Andersen ,&nbsp;Surat Laphookhieo","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first phytochemical investigation of the leaves of <em>Fissistigma fulgens</em> (Hook.f. &amp; Thomson) Merr. led to the isolation and identification of five previously undescribed dihydrochalcone derivatives, including two dimeric dihydrochalcones, fissisfulgenones A and B (<strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong>), and three monomeric dihydrochalcones, fissisfulgenones C–E (<strong>3</strong>–<strong>5</strong>), along with three known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. The dimeric structure of fissisfulgenone A (<strong>1</strong>) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu–Kα radiation. The pure enantiomers of the scalemic mixtures of <strong>1</strong>–<strong>3</strong> were successfully resolved using chiral-phase HPLC, and their absolute configurations were determined by comparing experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Fissisfulgenones A (<strong>1</strong>), C (<strong>3</strong>), and D (<strong>4</strong>) were evaluated for biological activities, including cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB231), human lung carcinoma (A549), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW480 and HT29), antiviral activity against dengue virus (DENV), and nitric oxide production inhibitory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, fissisfulgenone C (<strong>3</strong>) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against SW480 and HT29 cells with IC₅₀ values of 40.6 and 68.0 μM, respectively, whereas fissisfulgenone D (<strong>4</strong>) showed cytotoxicity against MDA-MB231, A549, and Huh7 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 48.7, 38.3, and 21.2 μM, respectively. Notably, fissisfulgenone A (<strong>1</strong>) significantly reduced virus production in DENV-infected Huh7 cells at a sub-toxic dose of 50.0 μM. Regarding anti-inflammatory activity, fissisfulgenone C (<strong>3</strong>) exhibited strong nitric oxide inhibition, markedly reducing LPS-induced levels with an IC₅₀ value of 5.27 μM and preserving normal macrophage morphology. Fissisfulgenone A (<strong>1</strong>) also showed similar effects at lower, non-toxic concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114735"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aziridine-ring-opened azicemicins with ferroptosis inhibitory activity from the Kibdelosporangium phytohabitans XY-R10","authors":"Yongqi Tian ,&nbsp;Junliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Chen ,&nbsp;Dengwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zengzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Lisheng Li ,&nbsp;Ying Xu ,&nbsp;Yong-Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genome mining of eight <em>Kibdelosporangium</em> genomes revealed previously untapped biosynthetic potential of diverse natural products. Among these, azicemicins, characterized by a unique aziridine moiety, drew considerable attention. Further genomic and metabolic analysis facilitated the identification of previously undescribed compounds from the <em>K. phytohabitans</em> XY-R10, including two angucyclines (<strong>1–2</strong>) and six azicemicins (<strong>3–8</strong>). Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism. Compounds <strong>3–8</strong> exhibited a distinctive ring-opened aziridine, likely originating from an acetylated aziridine precursor. Notably, compound <strong>3</strong> exhibited significant ferroptosis inhibition by decreasing RSL3-induced HMOX1 gene expression and upregulating GCH1 gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114721"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids from patchouli oil and their potential anti-depressive effects","authors":"Qi Zheng ,&nbsp;Huan Zhu ,&nbsp;He-ping Yang ,&nbsp;Cheng Peng ,&nbsp;Guang-xu Wu ,&nbsp;Qin-mei Zhou ,&nbsp;Liang Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sixteen guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, including four undescribed 4,5-<em>seco</em>-guaiane derivatives (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>4</strong>) and one undescribed guaiane (<strong>6</strong>), were isolated from the volatile oil of <em>Pogostemon cablin</em>. Their structures were determined using extensive spectroscopic evidence, including NMR, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and ECD calculations. Their anti-depressive effects were evaluated in corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cells <em>in vitro</em>. Compound <strong>5</strong> (7-epi-chabrolidione A) was previously reported by our group to exhibit neuroprotective properties. However, the present study further demonstrated that compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>5</strong> had protective effects against CORT-induced injury in PC12 cells. Hoechst 33258 staining, high-content screening, and western blot analysis revealed that compound <strong>5</strong> activated the CaMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, thereby reducing apoptosis in CORT-injured PC12 cells and inhibiting intracellular calcium levels. Furthermore, compound <strong>5</strong> effectively rescued reserpine-induced depression and cognitive impairment in zebrafish <em>in vivo</em>. Collectively, these findings indicate that 4,5-<em>seco</em>-guaiane sesquiterpenoids from <em>Pogostemon cablin</em> (especially compound <strong>5</strong>) possess potential anti-depressive activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structurally diverse sesquiterpenoid glycosides with anti-inflammatory activity from Cissampelopsis spelaeicola","authors":"Si-Hang Lin ,&nbsp;Ning Diao ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sixteen previously undescribed sesquiterpenoid glycosides (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>16</strong>), bearing eudesmane-type (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>4</strong>) and cadinane-type skeletons (<strong>5</strong>−<strong>16</strong>), were obtained from the stems of <em>Cissampelopsis spelaeicola</em>. The structural elucidation and absolute configuration assignment of compounds <strong>1</strong>−<strong>16</strong> were accomplished through multiple spectroscopic analyses, computed ECD/NMR, and X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, anti-neuroinflammatory effects of all isolates were assessed by NO inhibition in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Compounds <strong>12</strong> and <strong>14</strong>−<strong>16</strong> exhibited potent NO inhibitory effects (IC₅₀ = 5.62–19.29 μM), outperforming the positive control L-NMMA (IC₅₀ = 21.20 ± 0.57 μM). Further evaluation revealed that compound <strong>15</strong> (IC₅₀ = 5.62 ± 0.37 μM) effectively attenuated LPS-stimulated overexpression of IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and TNF-α in BV-2 cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature-based molecular networking-guided isolation of kaempferol glycosides from Keetia venosa (Oliv.) Bridson leaves and their antibacterial activity","authors":"Appolinaire Kene Dongmo ,&nbsp;Eric Tameko Mbasso ,&nbsp;Raymond Ngansop Nono ,&nbsp;Gabin Thierry Mbahbou Bitchagno ,&nbsp;Abdou Tchoukoua ,&nbsp;Marcus Persicke ,&nbsp;Blandine Kampa-Kuemkon Nkenfou ,&nbsp;David Ngnokam ,&nbsp;Pépin Nkeng-Efouet Alango ,&nbsp;Bruno Ndjakou Lenta ,&nbsp;Norbert Sewald ,&nbsp;Jean Rodolphe Chouna","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural products have made important contributions to the fight against human diseases, including infectious diseases. However, research on natural products still faces many challenges, such as technical barriers to in-depth screening of biomaterials. The genus <em>Keetia</em> is a valuable source of flavonoids, although the specific types and complete profile of most of its species remain undisclosed. The flavonoid profile of the methanol crude extract and derived extracts from <em>Keetia venosa</em> (Oliv.) Bridson leaves was unveiled using a feature-based molecular networking-guided fractionation strategy. This approach enables a comprehensive exploration of the plant chemical diversity, including the detection of minor components often missed out during traditional isolation and characterisation. Four previously undescribed kaempferol glycosides were isolated, together with sixteen known compounds. Their structures were elucidated by examining their physical, mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data. Fourteen additional already reported compounds were putatively identified from a comparative analysis of their MS² features with similar analogues available in well-known databases. Furthermore, crude extract, partitioned extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including <em>Salmonella enterica</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae.</em> The <em>n</em>-butanol extract, kotschyanoside A, and kaempferol 7-<em>O</em>-<em>α</em>-<span>l</span>-rhamnopyranoside displayed promising antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria such as <em>S. enterica</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> with MIC values of 3.9–62.5 μg/mL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahydrofuran- and dihydrofuran-containing nor-clerodane diterpenoids from Teucrium viscidum: Isolation, stereochemical assignment, and anti-hepatic fibrosis activity","authors":"Xin-Yi Hu ,&nbsp;Lu Gan ,&nbsp;Fei-Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Guang-Hai Zhu ,&nbsp;Yi-Ling Liao ,&nbsp;Guo-Sen Huang ,&nbsp;De-an Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ten previously undescribed <em>nor</em>-clerodane diterpenoids, teuvinoids A−J (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>10</strong>), were isolated from the whole plants of <em>Teucrium viscidum</em>. Comprehensive structural elucidation, including unambiguous determination of absolute configurations, was accomplished using spectroscopic analysis, electronic circular dichroism, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Teuvinoids A (<strong>1</strong>) and B (<strong>2</strong>) are particularly noteworthy for featuring an unusual 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxylated tetrahydrofuran moiety. Compounds <strong>1</strong> and <strong>2</strong> exhibited anti-hepatic fibrosis effects in TGF-<em>β</em>1-induced LX-2 hepatic stellate cells, as demonstrated by downregulation of key fibrotic biomarkers including fibronectin, collagen I, and <em>α</em>-smooth muscle actin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimeric alkenyl α-pyrones from Cryptocarya calcicola with their cytotoxicity","authors":"Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yu Su ,&nbsp;Li Rao ,&nbsp;Qian He ,&nbsp;Yun-Xia You ,&nbsp;Chuan-Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Cryptocarya</em> is renowned for producing characteristic content of alkyl or alkenyl <em>α</em>-pyrones with intriguing stereochemical complexity and diverse pharmacological properties. In this study, four unprecedented dimeric alkenyl <em>α</em>-pyrones featuring an unusual pentacyclo[8.4.2.0^2,9.0^5,8.0^11,14]hexadecane core scaffold, named crypcalcones A−D (<strong>1</strong>−<strong>4</strong>), were isolated from <em>Cryptocarya calcicola</em>, an unexplored endemic Chinese species. Their structures were established through a combination of extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy. This is the first report of <em>α</em>-pyrone dimers from the genus <em>Cryptocarya</em>, expanding the known structural diversity of <em>α</em>-pyrones. Compounds <strong>1</strong>−<strong>4</strong> are proposed to arise from an initial 8<em>π</em>-6<em>π e</em> electrocyclization of a polyene <em>α</em>-pyrone precursor, followed by an intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition. Notably, these compounds demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.02 to 7.00 μM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114724"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyketides and drimane sesquiterpenoids from kiwi plant endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus J302-03 with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities","authors":"Xin-Wen Luo ,&nbsp;Fang-Lu Wei ,&nbsp;Hong-Fei Li ,&nbsp;Jin-Yao Mao ,&nbsp;Yan-Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Juan He ,&nbsp;Tao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The systematic chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the rice-fermented fungus <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> J302-03 led to the isolation of six previously unreported compounds, including four polyketides, aspergullains A–D, and two drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, aspergullains E and F, along with sixteen known compounds. Their structures were characterized through spectroscopic data interpretation, ECD and NMR calculations, DP4+ analysis, and X-ray crystallography. Structurally, aspergullain A was a unique polyketide with a cyclohexanedione−furan hybrid skeleton, while aspergullain B possessed a rare cyclopentenone-tetrahydrofuran moiety. Biologically, aspergullain B, aspergullain C, and aspergullain F exhibited certain antibacterial activities against <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. <em>actinidiae</em>, with inhibition rates ranging from 70 % to 80 %. Furthermore, aspergullain A and astellolide A exhibited NO production inhibitory effects among tested compounds, with IC₅₀ values of 27.31 ± 2.01 and 21.91 ± 0.87 μM, respectively. The comprehensive data indicated that <em>A. flavus</em> is rich in polyketides and drimane sesquiterpenoids, which have potential antibacterial and anti-inflammatory application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal phenolic glucosides and related congeners from the cold-seep-derived Talaromyces trachyspermus CS-106","authors":"Xing-Yan Feng ,&nbsp;Sui-Qun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Li ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Bin-Gui Wang ,&nbsp;Ling-Hong Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phytochem.2025.114737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical investigation of the cold-seep-sourced fungus <em>Talaromyces trachyspermus</em> CS-106 resulted in the isolation of six previously undescribed phenolic glucopyranosides, talarosides A<strong>–</strong>F (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>6</strong>), two previously undescribed phenolic cysteine derivatives, talacysteines A and B (<strong>7</strong> and <strong>8</strong>), and five known congeners <strong>9</strong>–<strong>13</strong>. The results from <em>in vitro</em> bioassay indicated that compounds <strong>3</strong>, <strong>6</strong>, and <strong>9</strong> displayed potent activities against several tested phytopathogenic fungal strains. Specially, the chloroquinone derivative, 2-chloro-5-methoxy-3-methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (compound <strong>9</strong>), exhibited a broad spectrum of fungicidal activity against <em>Alternaria brassicae</em>, <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>, <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, and <em>F. oxysporum</em>, with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 4 μg/mL. <em>In vivo</em> testing on tomato fruits showed that <strong>9</strong> displayed considerable curative efficacy against <em>F. oxysporum</em>. Both scanning electron microscopy and cryo-SEM analysis indicated that <strong>9</strong> possessed a strong ability to destroy the surface morphology of mycelia and seriously interfere with the growth of the fungal pathogen. Compound <strong>9</strong> also exhibited pronounced succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitory activity from the <em>in vitro</em> SDH inhibitory assay. Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the intermolecular interaction of <strong>9</strong> with SDH enzyme from <em>F. oxysporum</em>. These findings presented a promising lead compound such as compound <strong>9</strong> for the discovery of SDH inhibitor as antifungal agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20170,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemistry","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 114737"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}