Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants最新文献

{"title":"Mitigation of salinity stress in sunflower plants (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.) through topical application of salicylic acid and silver nanoparticles.","authors":"Muhammad Shahbaz, Tauseef Anwar, Sammer Fatima, Nilgün Onursal, Huma Qureshi, Waseem Akhtar Qureshi, Naimat Ullah, Walid Soufan, Wajid Zaman","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01535-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01535-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity stress poses a significant threat to sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.) by impairing water and nutrient uptake, disrupting cellular functions, and increasing oxidative damage. This study investigates the impact of Salicylic acid (SA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on growth, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress markers in salt-stressed sunflower plants. Experiments were conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment at the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan, using sunflower seeds (Orisun 701). AgNPs were synthesized using neem leaf extract and characterized through SEM, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, and XRD. Treatments included foliar application of SA (10 mM) and AgNPs (40 ppm) under 100 mM sodium chloride-induced salt stress. Growth metrics, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, and oxidative stress markers (H₂O₂ and MDA levels) were measured to evaluate treatment effects. The SA and AgNP treatments improved sunflower growth under salt stress, with AgNPs showing a greater impact. SA increased shoot fresh weight by 16.4%, root fresh weight by 6.9%, and chlorophyll content by 12.7%, while AgNPs enhanced shoot fresh weight by 30.5%, root fresh weight by 11.6%, and total chlorophyll by 80%. AgNPs also significantly reduced H₂O₂ by 42.7% and MDA by 34.6%, indicating reduced oxidative damage. Cluster analysis further demonstrated the distinct physiological responses elicited by AgNPs compared to SA. SA and AgNPs enhance sunflower resilience to salinity, with AgNPs showing a particularly strong effect on chlorophyll content and oxidative stress markers. These findings highlight the potential of SA and AgNPs as effective treatments for salt stress, suggesting further research across different crops and environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging squash leaf curl Philippines virus on pumpkin in India: their lineage and recombination.","authors":"S Vignesh, Nagendran Krishnan, N Senthil, R Rohini, R K Mohana Pradeep, G Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01542-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01542-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A roving field survey conducted during the year 2023, assessed the viral disease incidence of about 97% on pumpkin in a farmer holding at Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu, India). The diseased plants expressed symptoms such as severe mosaic, leaf malformation, upward cupping of terminal leaf, yellowing, and stunting. The disease was successfully transmitted by the whiteflies (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>) to healthy pumpkin, with 24 h of acquisition access period and 12 h of inoculation access period. The samples were found to be associated with bipartite begomoviral DNA-A component of squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCPHV) along with DNA-B component of squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) based on rolling circle amplification and DNA sequencing. The nucleotide sequence of DNA-A of SLCPHV (OR860425) shared the highest nucleotide identity of 94.5% with the previously reported SLCPHV isolate of Philippines. The DNA-B component of SLCCNV (OR860426) showed 94.9% identity with the Indian pumpkin isolate. The phylogenetic analysis explicated that the SLCPHV and SLCCNV isolates from pumpkin had common ancestry with SLCPHV and SLCCNV isolates from Philippines and India, respectively. Further analysis predicted intraspecies recombination events on their genome. This study confirms the association of non-cognate SLCPHV (DNA-A) with SLCCNV (DNA-B) causing mosaic disease on pumpkin and to the best of our knowledge it constitutes the first report of SLCPHV occurrence in India.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01542-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 1","pages":"119-129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of an RNA silencing suppressor encoded by an Indian citrus ringspot virus.","authors":"Aniket Angira, V K Baranwal, Aashish Ranjan, Nandlal Choudhary","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01524-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01524-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant viruses encode RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) proteins to counter the induced antiviral defense, an RNAi silencing mechanism of the host. Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) causes the ringspot disease, which leads to significant yield loss of kinnow orange. The ICRSV genome contains six open reading frames (ORFs), however, the ORF encoding the potential RSS is not yet known. In this study, we have attempted to identify the RSS protein of ICRSV. To this end, ORF 2,3,4,5 and 6 were cloned into pCAMBIA1302 (35s-GFP) vector, followed by transformation of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> and agro-infiltration into leaves of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> 16c line. Only the leaves infiltrated with 35s-GFP/ORF5 showed a GFP fluorescence signal similar to 35s-GFP/P19, a well-studied positive RSS. Usually, the induced host RNAi silencing is supposed to cleave the expressed GFP-RNA. However, it is suspected that ORF5-encoded protein was able to suppress the host silencing mechanism, leading to the retention of the GFP fluorescence signal. This finding was further supported by beta-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assays by infiltrating the construct expressing ORF5-GUS under 35s promoter in the leaves of <i>N. benthamiana</i>. Leaves infiltrated with 35s-GUS/ORF5 formed diX-indigo precipitate similar to leaves infiltrated with, indicating the RSS activity of ICRSV. Later, semi-quantitative PCR and quantitative reverse transcription PCR <b>(</b>qRT-PCR) assays showed a higher expression of GFP and GUS in ORF5 agro-infiltrated leaves. Together, these results suggest that ORF5 encoded protein has the potential RSS function of ICRSV which successfully suppresses host RNAi silencing mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 1","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural occurrence of episomal banana streak GF virus species infecting the GI-tagged banana cv. Virupakshi in India.","authors":"R Selvarajan, V Balasubramanian, S Sundaram","doi":"10.1007/s12298-025-01546-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-025-01546-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Banana streak disease was identified as a new threat to banana cultivar Virupakshi (syn: Hill banana, AAB), registered under Geographical Indications (G.I. 124) in India. PCR and rolling circle amplification (RCA) of infected leaf samples revealed the presence of banana streak GF virus (BSGFV) as the causative agent of streak symptoms. RCA and sequence analysis identified an episomal BSGFV variant (BSGFV-IN; MW389538) along with the full-length BSGFV genome (BSGFV-IN1; PP134844). The shorter BSGFV-IN genome measured 6590 bp with a deletion of 673 bp, while the full-length BSGFV-IN1 genome was 7263 bp. Sequencing of the cloned fragments using MinION nanopore sequencer further confirmed these findings, with both isolates showing > 99% sequence similarity to the BSGFV (AY493509) from Ecuador. Interestingly, BSGFV-infected tissue-cultured (TC) plants exhibited variation in streak symptom expression under different climatic conditions. At lower temperatures (below 25 °C), typical streak symptoms were prevalent, whereas at higher temperatures, the symptoms completely remitted. This is the first documented report of the natural co-existence of a novel episomal BSGFV variant with a shorter genome, along with the full-length genome, associated with streak symptoms in cv. Virupakshi from India.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-025-01546-w.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"31 1","pages":"143-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11787140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Elegy of blossoms\": Decrypting the dynamics of petal senescence in <i>Ranunculus asiaticus</i> L.","authors":"Aehsan Ul Haq, Wajahat Waseem Tantray, Sumira Farooq, Mohammad Lateef Lone, Foziya Altaf, Shazia Parveen, Inayatullah Tahir","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01543-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01543-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Petal senescence represents a crucial phase in the developmental continuum of flowers, ensuing tissue differentiation and petal maturation, yet anteceding seed formation and development. Instigation of petal senescence entails myriad of changes at the cytological, physiological and molecular dimensions, mirroring the quintessential characteristics of cell death. In the current investigation biochemical and molecular intricacies were scrutinized across various developmental stages (bud to the senescent phase). Scanning electron microscopy analysis unveiled significant changes in petal tissue morphology, evolving from tightly interwoven ridges and grooves at the bud stage to a completely flattened surface devoid of intricate patterns in the senescent stage. Throughout the developmental continuum, significant metabolic reconfigurations were discerned. The concentration of soluble proteins displayed a continuous decrement from the bud phase through the anthesis stage, culminating in a pronounced diminution during the senescent phase. This pattern was concomitant with the expression profiles of <i>RaSAG12</i> (<i>senescence-associated gene 12</i>) and <i>RaDAD1</i> (<i>defender against cell death 1</i>) genes. Membrane integrity exhibited a gradual decline from the bud to the open stage, attributed to diminished lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and low <i>RaLOX1 (lipoxygenase 1)</i> transcript levels. This deterioration was further exacerbated during senescence by increased <i>LOX1</i> expression, ultimately compromising membrane stability. The developmental progression of <i>Ranunculus asiaticus</i> flowers is modulated by hormonal flux, with abscisic acid and ethylene concentrations escalating as senescence approaches. This upsurge is attributed to elevated mRNA transcripts of <i>RaAAO3 (abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3)</i> and <i>RaACO</i> (1-amino cyclopropane-1- carboxylic acid oxidase), concomitant with a reduction in <i>RaIPT3 (isopentenyl transferase 3)</i> transcript abundance during the senescent phase compared to earlier developmental phases. ROS (Reactive oxygen species) neutralizing antioxidant enzymes exhibited a marked increase from the bud to the bloom stage, leading to reduced hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels. However, during the senescent phase, the activity of these enzymes diminished markedly, resulting in the accumulation of ROS and ensuing oxidative damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"30 12","pages":"2001-2015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of leaf scorch on photosynthetic characteristics, fruit yield, and quality of walnuts.","authors":"Tong Guo, Cuifang Zhang, Shiwei Wang, Changjie Xing","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01510-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01510-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consequences of walnut (<i>Juglans regia</i> L.) leaf scorch (WLS) were studied using the cultivated varieties, Wen185 (<i>Juglans regia</i> 'Wen 185') and Xinxin2 (<i>Juglans regia</i> 'Xinxin2') in the Aksu region, Xinjiang, China. Photosynthetic parameters and indoor chemical analysis were used to determine the variations in photosynthetic characteristics, osmotic regulatory substances, antioxidant enzyme activities, and changes in fruit yield and quality between diseased and healthy leaves. Net photosynthetic rate (<i>P</i> _n) and stomatal conductance (<i>G</i> _s) of Xinxin2 diseased leaves were lower and intercellular CO₂ concentration (<i>C</i> _i) was higher than in healthy leaves. <i>P</i> _n, <i>G</i> _s, and <i>C</i> _i of Wen185 leaves were lower than those of healthy leaves initially. During the peak stage of disease, <i>P</i> _n and <i>G</i> _s of Wen185 were lower, whereas <i>C</i> _<i>i</i> was higher than in healthy leaves. The initial fluorescence (<i>F</i> ₀) of diseased leaves was higher and the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII, <i>F</i> _v/<i>F</i> _m) was lower. The decrease in <i>F</i> _v/<i>F</i> _m of diseased Wen185 leaves was smaller than in Xinxin2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Wen185 and Xinxin2 diseased leaves was higher than in healthy leaves. From late June to mid-July, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and soluble protein (SP) content in the diseased leaves were higher than in healthy leaves, becoming lower in late August. Plant yield, single fruit dry weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit shape index, kernel extraction rate, fat content, and protein content of the diseased plants were lower. Single fruit fresh weight, fruit transverse diameter, and fruit lateral diameter in Wen185 plants were similar but differed in diseased Xinxin2 plants. WLS reduces carbon assimilation and PSII reaction center activity leading to intensified membrane lipid peroxidation, gradual imbalance of osmotic regulation homeostasis, and decreased antioxidant capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"30 12","pages":"2041-2050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide characterization of <i>auxin response factor</i> (<i>ARF</i>) genes in bermudagrass and ectopically functional analysis of <i>CdARF6-B2</i> gene in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.","authors":"Zhuoting Chen, Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01538-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01538-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auxin response factors (ARFs) are important transcription factors that regulate the expression of auxin response genes, thus play crucial roles in plant growth and development. However, the functions of <i>ARF</i> genes in bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> L.), a turfgrass species of great economic value, remain poorly understood. In this study, a total of 86 <i>CdARF</i> genes were identified from the <i>C. dactylon</i> genome and were categorized into five groups according to their phylogenetic relationships. The five groups of <i>CdARF</i> genes exhibited specific gene structure and protein domain characteristics, and showed distinct gene expression patterns in different organs, wild accessions and under different stress treatments. Among the 86 <i>CdARF</i> genes, the <i>CdARF6-B2</i> gene encoded an N-terminally truncated group V ARF protein with high sequence similarity to AtARF2 and OsARF24. The <i>CdARF6-B2</i> gene was highly expressed in the aboveground vegetative organs (leaf, shoot and stolon) and weakly expressed in the root. The CdARF6-B2 protein was localized in the nucleus but showed no transactivation activity, although its middle region had a strong transactivation activity. Ectopic expression of <i>CdARF6-B2</i> inhibited the vegetative growth of transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants possibly through down-regulating the expression of auxin transport-related <i>PIN3</i> gene and impeding the polar transport of auxin. These results not only established solid foundations to characterize the regulatory mechanism of auxin signaling in the growth and development of bermudagrass but also provided new insights into the function of <i>ARF</i> genes in plants.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01538-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"30 12","pages":"1969-1981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diploid inbred-based hybrids: fast-forward breeding approach in potatoes.","authors":"Salej Sood, Vikas Mangal, Ajay Kumar Thakur, Tanuja Buckseth, Babita Chaudhary, Vinod Kumar, Brajesh Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01544-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01544-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Following the identification of the self-compatibility gene (<i>Sli</i>) in diploid potatoes two decades ago, the breeding of inbred based diploid hybrid potatoes made its way. Tetraploid potatoes have a long history of cultivation through domestication and selection. Tetrasomic inheritance, heterozygosity and clonal propagation complicate genetic studies, resulting in a low genetic gain in potato breeding. Diploid hybrid TPS potato breeding, similar to the developments in hybrid maize, was pursued as an alternative to the genetic improvement of potatoes. However, several challenges, like self-incompatibility and high inbreeding depression associated with diploid potatoes, must be overcome to develop inbred lines in potatoes. Moreover, the inbred lines must retain good fertility and vigour for hybrid breeding. Good progress has been made by creating di-haploids of popular varieties, mapping self-incompatibility inhibitor gene, understanding the genetic basis of inbreeding depression, and identifying genomic regions for deleterious alleles and fertility. Further, the genome sequencing of diploid inbred lines has revealed the genetics of key traits associated with potato breeding. This article discussed these insights and summarized the progress of diploid hybrid TPS potato breeding. Recent advances in genetic and genomic research and genome editing technology have shown promise for this technology's success and far-reaching implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"30 12","pages":"1955-1968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA methylation in wheat: current understanding and future potential for enhancing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance.","authors":"Uzma Afreen, Kunal Mukhopadhyay, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01539-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01539-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA methylation is a paramount epigenetic mark that helps balance gene expression post-transcriptionally. Its effect on specific genes determines the plant's holistic development and acclimatization during adversities. <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L., an allohexaploid, is a dominant cereal crop with a large genome size. Changing environmental conditions exert a profound impact on its overall yield. Here, bibliometric science mapping was employed for a nuanced understanding of the prevailing research trends in the DNA methylation study of wheat. The detailed data obtained was used to delve deep into its fundamentals, patterns and mechanism of action, to accumulate evidence of the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of gene expressions across its entire genome. This review encapsulates the methylation/demethylation players in wheat during different stages of development. It also uncloaks the differential methylation dynamics while encountering biotic and abiotic constraints, focusing on the critical function it plays in fostering immunity. The study significantly contributes to broadening our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism and plasticity of DNA methylation in wheat. It also uncovers its potential role in improving breeding programs to produce more resilient wheat varieties, stimulating further research and development in the field.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01539-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"30 12","pages":"1921-1933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous 24-Epibrassinolide alleviates salt stress in Okra <i>(Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L<i>.)</i> by increasing the expression of <i>SOS</i> pathway genes (<i>SOS1-3</i>) and <i>NHX1,4</i>.","authors":"Kazhal Yousefi, Rashid Jamei, Reza Darvishzadeh","doi":"10.1007/s12298-024-01515-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12298-024-01515-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the rising population and food demand, it is imperative to devise solutions to enhance plant resilience against abiotic stresses. Salinity stress impacts plant growth but also hampers plant performance and productivity. Plant hormones have emerged as a viable remedy to mitigate the detrimental effects of salinity stress on plants. This study delved into the molecular investigation of the impact of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) on Okra plants (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L.) under two levels of salinity stress (75 and 150 mM), scrutinizing morphological, biochemical, and physiological parameters. Salinity stress led to a decline in growth, pigment and protein content, with EBL application ameliorating these indicators, albeit insignificantly impacting protein levels. Salinity triggered an upsurge in soluble sugars, proline, antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GP, and APX), and sodium levels, while reducing potassium and micronutrient concentrations (copper, iron, zinc). It downregulated the expression of <i>NHX1</i>, <i>NHX4, SOS1, SOS2,</i> and <i>SOS3</i> genes. EBL treatment bolstered potassium and micronutrient uptake, upregulated gene expression and enzymatic antioxidants, and elevated soluble sugar and proline levels. Analysis of the outcomes across these parameters suggests that EBL holds promise as an effective agent in mitigating salinity stress in Okra plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20148,"journal":{"name":"Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants","volume":"30 12","pages":"2051-2063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}