Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Absolute Quantification of Phenylbutanoids in Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. Rhizome by Quantitative ¹H NMR.","authors":"Boonwiset Seaho, Chatkamon Lekwongphaiboon, Ngampuk Tayana, Wichayasith Inthakusol, Sumet Kongkiatpaiboon, Wiratchanee Mahavorasirikul, Saisuree Prateeptongkum, Nongnaphat Duangdee","doi":"10.1002/pca.3475","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quantitative determination of pharmacologically active constituents in medicinal plants is critical for quality control. Due to the chemical complexity of the crude plant extracts, the presence of interfering compounds is often problematic for the unambiguous quantitation of the designed bioactive compounds. Considering the method of quantification, quantitative NMR spectroscopy (qNMR) has gained substantial popularity as a powerful and effective technique for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of natural products.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to develop a quantitative NMR method for quantifying the bioactive phenylbutanoids in Zingiber cassumunar rhizome crude extract.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantitative ¹H NMR (qHNMR) measurements were performed on a 600 MHz NMR spectrometer using an internal standard for the determination of the absolute quantities of four phenylbutanoids in Z. cassumunar rhizome crude extract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The direct quantification of four characteristic phenylbutanoids, i.e., (E)-1-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (DMPBD), (E)-1-(2',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)butadiene (TMPBD), (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-ol, and (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-en-1-yl acetate, in crude extract by qHNMR using an internal standard was achieved, with high specificity and sensitivity. The selected ¹H NMR signals could unambiguously be assigned and did not overlap with other resonances, including the highly similar compounds DMPBD and TMPBD. The method is linear in the concentration range of 0.70-14.52 mg/mL, with a limit of quantification of 0.46-0.68 mg/mL. The RSD values of intraday and interday precisions are in the range of 0.23%-0.74% and 0.29%-0.52%, respectively. The average recoveries are 99.54%-100.18%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A rapid, accurate, and precise method using ¹H NMR for the simultaneous quantitation of four phenylbutanoids in the crude extract of Z. cassumunar rhizome was developed and validated.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"876-883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Inhibitors of α-Amylase in Polygala Radix Based on an Online Targeted Detection System and Molecular Docking.","authors":"Zenghu Su, Hongbo Xu, Shizhong Chen, Shuming Li, Jingyu Weng, Yuangui Yang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3465","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Targeted screening of inhibitors of key enzymes in the progression of diabetes from natural products is one of the effective methods for the treatment of diabetes. Polygala has been proved to reduce glucose levels; however, the bioactive compounds in Polygalae Radix (PR) that have anti-diabetic properties are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to explore the material basis of the anti-diabetic effect of PR by inhibiting α-amylase through an online detection system and molecular docking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online analysis platform was established and optimized for the screening of potent enzyme inhibitors from complex mixtures based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-α-amylase-fluorescence detector (UHPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MSⁿ-α-amylase-FLD) detection system and molecular docking, which could efficiently separate extracts, quickly detect α-amylase inhibitors, and determine their structures. Molecular docking confirms the inhibition of these compounds. The molecular interaction between α-amylase and the active compound was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 101 compounds identified, 28 compounds had a strong inhibitory effect on α-amylase. Molecular docking screening confirmed the inhibition of these compounds and evaluated the molecular interactions between α-amylase and 30 active compounds, which strongly supported the experimental results. Among the evaluated compounds, onjisaponin R (83) and polygalaxanthone III (11) have the strongest inhibitory activity to α-amylase (the binding energies were -9.639 and -8.972 kcal/mol, respectively) and are potential lead compounds against diabetes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study proved the feasibility of using the existing platform to screen the active ingredients in PR extract, and provided a practical method for the rapid screening of potential anti-diabetic active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"759-775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142623482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UPLC-MS/MS and chemometrics analyses reveal chemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Bienertia cycloptera Bunge fractions.","authors":"Nahla S El-Gazzar, Eman Shawky, Doaa A Ghareeb, Fatma A A Mahmoud, Dina A Selim","doi":"10.1002/pca.3454","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bienertia cycloptera is a species belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family. According to earlier reports, a unique research study on the phytochemistry and biological analysis of that species was conducted.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study presents an integrated metabolomics investigation combined with multivariate analysis of various extractive fractions of B. cycloptera aerial parts. This study is the first attempt to explore the anti-inflammatory metabolites from B. cycloptera, showing its significance as a valuable traditional medicine.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>By comparing retention times, quasi-molecular ions, and MS/MS fragment ions with databases and literature references, metabolite annotation was accomplished using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the effects of the studied samples on the gene expression of the four pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and INF-γ) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and comparing their results by those caused by piroxicam were tested to determine their anti-inflammatory efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chemical profiling revealed diverse metabolites, with 62 chromatographic peaks identified across various chemical classes. UPLC-MS/MS of different B. cycloptera fractions unveiled distinct chemical profiles. Results showed distinct chemical compositions in each fraction, with petroleum ether fraction enriched in sterols and fatty acids; methylene chloride fraction in alkaloids, sterols, and cardenolides; ethyl acetate fraction in alkaloids, flavonoids, cardenolides, and phenolic acids; and n-butanol fraction in flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids. Multivariate data analysis illustrated clustering patterns among petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions. OPLS-DA models were constructed to discern inter-class differences, identifying discriminatory metabolites. In vitro cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory assays demonstrated the safety and efficacy of B. cycloptera fractions, with significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers. Further analysis revealed specific metabolites associated with anti-inflammatory effects, such as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, tachioside, ferulic acid, staphylionoside D, humilixanthin, bergaptol, vulgaxanthin I, and portulacaxanthin III.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the chemical composition and bioactivity of B. cycloptera fractions, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents and warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"603-617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A step-by-step progressive strategy exploring whole metabolic profiles in vivo for Polygalae Radix with/without licorice.","authors":"Tiantian Zhao, Ningning Zhao, Junpeng Xing, Zhong Zheng, Zhiqiang Liu, Shu Liu","doi":"10.1002/pca.3452","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polygalae Radix (PR) is known to relieve toxicity and increase efficiency in various diseases after processing. However, there were few studies for aromatic carboxylic acids (ACAs) due to the limited detection, especially for the metabolites within m/z 100-2000.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the whole metabolism of PR with/without licorice (LP), focusing on metabolites within m/z 100-2000 and pharmacodynamics in vivo.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was established by the combination of multidimensional ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) technology with protein sedimentation method to analyze metabolites in plasma, brain, colon, and stomach contents. Quantitative monitoring ACAs was enhanced with our novel stable isotope derivatization (SILD) technique. And then the pharmacokinetics (PK) study of relatively large metabolites was carried out. A targeted network pharmacology approach was established to avoid false positive results, mapping interactions relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 85 polygala metabolites were qualitatively analyzed in plasma, brain, colon, and stomach contents. The 11 types of relatively large metabolites and 8 types of ACAs were quantitatively monitored. Among them, nine types of relatively large metabolites were assessed through PK studies. In targeted network pharmacology, it highlighted the significance of small molecular metabolites, including ACAs et al, which were frequently overlooked. LP may play a more key role mainly through neural active ligand-receptor interaction, AD, and pertussis pathways. These findings have outlined a step-by-step strategy for in-depth research in vivo, laying a foundation for further verification of biological function.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"579-591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening thrombin inhibitors from Yangxinshi tablets by online capillary electrophoresis-based immobilized enzyme microreactor and molecular docking.","authors":"Wenping Liu, Rui Zhou, Jiake Wen, Jin Li, Kunze Du, Jun He, Yaqi Yao, Yanxu Chang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3447","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Yangxinshi tablet (YXST) is a effective traditional Chinese medicine in treating cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure and myocardial infarction.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to develop a method for screening thrombin inhibitors from YXST using an online immobilized enzyme microreactor (IMER) based on capillary electrophoresis (CE).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thrombin (THR) was immobilized on the capillary's inner wall using polydopamine (PDA). The chromogenic substrate S-2238 was employed to assess thrombin (THR) activity and kinetic parameters. The stability and repeatability of the constructed thrombin-immobilized enzyme microreactor (THR-IMER) were evaluated over 40 runs, maintaining 85% of initial activity. The Michaelis-Menten constant (K_m) for THR was determined to be 11.98 mM. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) and inhibition constant (K_i) for argatroban on THR were calculated. Ten compounds in YXST were screened for THR inhibitory potency using the THR-IMER.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salvianolic acid B and caffeic acid were identified as potential THR inhibitors in YXST, with inhibition rates at 200 μg/mL of 55.06 ± 6.70% and 31.88 ± 4.79%, respectively, aligning with microplate reader assay results. Molecular docking analysis confirmed their interactions with key THR residues, verifying their inhibitory activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CE-based THR-IMER method was successfully developed for screening thrombin inhibitors from YXST, offering a reliable approach for identifying potential therapeutic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"520-528"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning-Based Approach for the Prediction of Anticoagulant Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Evaluation of Compound Activity.","authors":"Zhiyong Zhang, Wennan Nie, Yijing Zhang, Mulan He, Cunhao Li, Shule Zhang, Wenlong Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.3468","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypericum perforatum L. (HPL) is extensively researched domestically and internationally as a medicinal plant. However, no reports of studies related to the anticoagulant activity of HPL have been retrieved. The specific bioactive components are unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML) method for rapid prediction of anticoagulant activity in HPL and evaluation of compound activity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>First, an in vitro anticoagulant activity assay was developed for the determination of the bioactivity of various medicinal parts of HPL. Then, the peak areas of compounds in HPL were integrated using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Subsequently, nine independent ML methods and two ensemble learning methods have been established to predict the anticoagulant activity of HPL and to evaluate the contribution of compounds. Feature importance scores were used for models visualization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 compounds were shown to exhibited superior anticoagulant activity. Molecular docking experiments likewise confirmed this result. The results show that the branches of HPL have excellent anticoagulant activity, which has been previously overlooked. The established ML model demonstrated good performance in the prediction of the activity of HPL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results were accurate and reliable, which significantly improved the efficiency of active compounds screening, and further exploration in this area is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"793-804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrative Strategy for Discriminating Quality Markers of Tibetan Medicine Chebulae Fructus Based on Multidimensional Feature Network.","authors":"Qian-Qian Li, Juan Chen","doi":"10.1002/pca.3463","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chebulae Fructus (TCF) is a traditional Chinese medicine and Tibetan medicine with high medicinal value, but its quality control indicators still need clarification. In this study, a strategy was proposed to specify the quality markers (Q-markers) of TCF by constructing a multidimensional feature network that includes dimensions of effectiveness, content, traceability, and specificity. Network pharmacology analysis was performed to validate the effectiveness of the chemical constituents in TCF through creating a TCF-component-disease-target-pathway network. By combining fingerprints analysis with UPLC-QTOF-MS, 17 differential components were identified among 19 batches of TCF samples. Serum pharmacochemical analysis on rats identified seven prototype components absorbed into the blood. The scores for the four dimensions were calculated using these identified components as candidates, and a multidimensional feature network based on the \"spider-web\" model was constructed. Ultimately, chebulinic acid, ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid, chebulic acid, and trigalloylglucose were clarified as Q-markers of TCF. These Q-markers screened out in this study are closely linked to the efficacy of TCF and can serve as indicator components for quality control of TCF.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"732-743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Multifaceted Applications of Seaweed and Its Derived Compounds in Biomedicine and Nutraceuticals: A Promising Resource for Future.","authors":"Zeeshan Hyderi, Arunachalam Kannappan, Arumugam Veera Ravi","doi":"10.1002/pca.3482","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for global food resources and over-dependence on terrestrial agroecosystems pose a significant challenge to the sustainable production of food commodities. Macroalgae are an essential source of food production in the marine environment, and their cultivation is a promising approach to alleviate the impending global food insecurity due to key factors, such as independence from terrestrial agriculture, rapid growth rate, unique biochemical composition, and carbon capture potential. Moreover, in many countries, seaweed has been used as food for decades because of its health and nutritional benefits. Seaweed contains bioactive components that are beneficial against various pathological conditions, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, the natural products derived from macroalgae have also been found to have immunostimulatory and antimicrobial properties. Macroalgae are also a significant source of rare sugars such as L-fucose, L-rhamnose, and glucuronic acid. Besides sugars, other bioactive components have been widely reported for their potential in cosmeceuticals. We have outlined the nutrient composition and functional properties of different species of macroalgae, with an emphasis on their potential as value-added products to the functional food market. Beyond being nutritional powerhouses, the variety of biological activities in human health and biomedicine makes them excellent candidates for developing novel drugs. Therefore, this review summarizes the pharmaceutical applications of macroalgae and suggests potential strategies for incorporating macroalgae-derived bioactive compounds into therapeutic products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"491-505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Rheological Properties of Molten Materials for Dripping Pills Based on Imaging Monitoring.","authors":"Ying Tian, Hang Chen, Jie Zhao, Geng Tian, Haibin Qu","doi":"10.1002/pca.3457","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rheological properties, as critical material attributes (CMAs) of solid dispersion drugs such as dripping pills, affect the melting, dispersion, and solidification. Therefore, characterization and assessments of rheological properties in the pharmaceutical process are important in enhancing drug stability and bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to develop a method for analyzing the rheology of molten materials, assessing their consistency and how rheological properties affect the dripping process and pills quality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The rheological behavior of molten materials composed of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 was characterized. Batch consistency of molten materials was evaluated. Image monitoring technology was utilized to capture and process images of the droplet formation process. We established the relationship between the rheological properties of molten materials and various attributes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quality consistency of molten materials was evaluated, with 12 batches showing similarity above 0.8. The MLR models showed strong correlations (R² > 0.80) between rheological properties and evaluation attributes. The rheological properties, including consistency coefficient, flow index, and viscosity at 80°C, were identified as critical rheological properties of the molten materials. Rheological property differences of molten materials have an impact on the morphology of droplet and quality performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A rheological method was established, enabling quality consistency evaluation of molten materials in dripping pills. This study revealed the influence of rheological properties on droplet formation process and dripping pills quality, providing a reference for researches on material attributes control of other traditional Chinese medicine dripping pills.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"657-667"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pine Needle of Pinus koraiensis (Siebold & Zucc) Essential Oil Through Liquid Nitrogen Quick-Freezing Assisted Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction Process for Antibacterial Application.","authors":"Shuai Yu, Shengtao Ma, Qiuling Wang, Zhifei Chen, Gaolei Xi, Nan An, Hanning Yao, Tao Jia, Xiuhua Zhao, Lei Yang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3470","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil extracted from Pinus koraiensis (Siebold & Zucc) pine needles using a liquid nitrogen freezing treatment combined with solvent-free microwave extraction (LNSFM).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim is to develop a low-energy, high-efficiency extraction method for conifer essential oils, analyze their chemical composition, and evaluate their antibacterial efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Pine needle samples were frozen with liquid nitrogen and subsequently crushed. The essential oil was extracted using solvent-free microwave technology. A single-factor test and response surface methodology were employed to optimize extraction parameters. The extraction efficiency of LNSFM was compared with traditional methods through kinetics, and the essential oil components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity of the extracted volatile oil was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LNSFM proves to be a green and efficient extraction method suitable for obtaining volatile oils from pine needles, which demonstrate significant antibacterial properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"819-831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}