Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Can Herbal Supplement Be a Suitable Alternative of Ferrous Iron Oral Therapy to Bypass Gastrointestinal Side Effects.","authors":"Anuradha Sharma, Kiran Gill, Mary Chatterjee","doi":"10.1002/pca.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional problems. Although it works, traditional oral ferrous iron therapy frequently causes gastrointestinal (GI) side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort, which makes patients less likely to comply.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to evaluate whether herbal supplements can serve as suitable alternatives to conventional oral ferrous iron therapy for reducing GI side effects. This review addresses the possible mechanisms of GI side effects of ferrous iron and reasons underlying GI side effects in traditional ferrous iron therapy. Additionally, evidence of potential clinical application of herbal alternatives in the treatment of IDA is discussed.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The available literature regarding GI side effects of conventional oral ferrous iron therapy, and the possible impact of herbal supplements on IDA was surveyed with a focus on iron absorption, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, bioactive compounds, and GI tolerability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Herbal sources date palm extracts, Hygrophila auriculata, Moringa oleifera Lam., Spinacia oleracea L., and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal are high in bioavailable iron and bioactive components that may improve iron absorption while lowering toxicity. These herbs' flavonoids, polyphenols, and antioxidant components can also reduce oxidative stress caused by free iron.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research limitations include the need for mechanistic studies on gut microbiota interactions, a lack of long-term data, and a lack of studies on dose optimization. By filling these gaps, standardized, optimized herbal formulations and carefully planned clinical trials may provide herbal supplements as safe palatable substitutes or additions to oral ferrous treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148819253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LC-MS-Guided Identification of Bioactive Constituents in Qingfei Jiedu Huatan Formula Reveals Ginsenoside Rb1 as an Endothelial Barrier-Protective Compound Targeting PAI-1 in Pneumonia.","authors":"Peng Zhao, Xinguang Liu, Xiaoxiang Xing, Yuhang Jiang, Furong Jia, Ziying Chen, Jianwei Wang, Jiansheng Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Qingfei Jiedu Huatan Formula (QJHF) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula developed for severe pneumonia with the syndrome of \"phlegm heat obstructing the lung.\"</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of QJHF on pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction in severe pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Mouse models of pneumonia/lung injury were established by intratracheal instillation of Klebsiella pneumoniae or LPS to evaluate the protective effects of QJHF. A novel strategy integrating LC-MS-based serum pharmacochemistry and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of QJHF. An LPS-induced HUVEC endothelial barrier injury model was used to screen active compounds and investigate their mechanisms of action.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QJHF markedly alleviated lung injury and inflammatory responses in mice challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae or LPS. Specifically, QJHF reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, particularly neutrophil accumulation, decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and suppressed pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed that QJHF mainly modulated inflammatory responses and vascular endothelial function. Moreover, QJHF decreased the lung index, lung wet/dry weight ratio, total protein concentration, and Evans blue extravasation, while restoring VE-cadherin expression, indicating preservation of pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity. Integrated serum component profiling and network pharmacology analyses identified 10 major absorbed constituents that may underlie the endothelial barrier-protective effects of QJHF. Among these constituents, ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1) was identified as a key bioactive component. G-Rb1 upregulated VE-cadherin expression and protected endothelial barrier integrity both in vitro and in vivo and further ameliorated LPS-induced lung tissue injury and inflammatory responses in mice. Target identification further implicated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a putative molecular target of G-Rb1, which was subsequently validated by molecular dynamics simulations, cellular thermal shift assays, and surface plasmon resonance analysis. Importantly, PAI-1 overexpression attenuated the protective effects of G-Rb1 on endothelial barrier function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>QJHF ameliorates inflammatory lung injury in pneumonia mice by preserving the pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier. This effect is at least partly mediated by G-Rb1, which targets and suppresses PAI-1, thereby restoring VE-cadherin-mediated endothelial junction integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Diversity and Evolving Strategies for the Quality Evaluation of Agarwood.","authors":"Yanqiao Xie, Shengqi Huang, Yingmin Zhang, Ruonan Tong, Zhuzhen Han, Wenxiang Fan, Zhengtao Wang, Hechen Wang, Linnan Li, Li Yang","doi":"10.1002/pca.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Agarwood, a valuable resin-infused wood derived primarily from Aquilaria species (Thymelaeaceae), is widely used in traditional medicine, incense, perfumery, and healthcare products. Its growing scarcity, along with the demand for robust quality control, has driven extensive research, supported by advances in analytical technologies. Recent efforts have focused on elucidating the scientific basis of its traditional applications and promoting sustainable utilization.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to consolidate research progress of agarwood, encompassing updates on agarwood resources, newly identified chemical constituents (2020-2026), emerging analytical strategies, and recent pharmacological findings. It further seeks to outline future research directions to address existing challenges in quality evaluation and mechanistic understanding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic retrieval of recent literatures pertaining to agarwood was conducted. Through data extraction and integrative analysis, this review synthesizes the latest research progress and identifies prevailing trends in the field.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent phytochemical studies have identified over 200 new chemical constituents (2020-2026), including structurally diverse dimeric compounds. Integrated analytical strategies combining spectroscopic, chromatographic, and sensor-based techniques have greatly improved the authentication, sensory evaluation, and grading of agarwood. Additionally, a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities attributable to agarwood has been extensively corroborated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review documents recent advancements concerning the chemical compositions, analytical strategies, and pharmacological activities of agarwood. Challenges remain in mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and compositional variation, hindering standardization. It will be essential for future work to deepen mechanistic insights and to identify key quality markers, thereby advancing the fields of quality control and translational research for agarwood.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral Camera Imaging Tandem With HPLC-UV-ELSD Determination and Cell Bioassay for Geographical Discrimination and Quality Consistency Evaluation of Anoectochilus roxburghii.","authors":"Haixia Xu, Qiuya Zhou, Qiluo Ni, Weiyue Hu, Xiangwei Xu, Yi Tao","doi":"10.1002/pca.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anoectochilus roxburghii (AR) is a prized medicinal herb valued for its hepatoprotective effects. Its quality varies depending on geographical origin. The primary bioactive constituents include rutin, quercetin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, narcissin, quercetin, and kinsenoside. A method that enables simultaneous determination of both the content and bioactivity of the herb is therefore essential for effective quality control.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a rapid, nondestructive approach for simultaneously predicting the contents of primary bioactive constituents and hepatoprotective effects of AR using hyperspectral camera imaging (HCI) combined with deep learning models.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Hyperspectral images of 100 AR batches were acquired using a portable Vis-NIR HCI system (389.81-1048.18 nm). The contents of six active compounds were quantified via HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD, while hepatoprotective activity was evaluated using an APAP-induced L02 cell injury model. Quantitative calibration models were constructed using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and the following three deep learning architectures: liquid neural network (LNN), Mamba state space model, and graph convolutional network (GCN). Their predictive performances were systematically compared. Shewhart control charts were employed to visualize batch-to-batch quality variation.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The Mamba model demonstrated superior predictive performance across all seven quality attributes, achieving the highest coefficients of determination (R_p ² up to 0.9972) and the lowest prediction errors. It significantly outperformed PLSR, LNN, and GCN models. Furthermore, the integration of Shewhart charts enabled effective visualization of quality consistency across batches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a novel HCI-Mamba framework designed for the rapid, nondestructive, and multicomponent quality assessment of AR. The proposed strategy offers a high-throughput solution for AR quality control while providing a methodological framework applicable to other complex herbal medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148759977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Exosome-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease: Traditional Chinese Medicine Offering New Avenues for Exosome Functionalization.","authors":"Yi Chen, Xiaoyu Sun, Yingbo Ouyang, Rong Miao, Atinga Vallada, Rui Liu, Jingwen Guo, Chuwen Wang, Shiqi Zhang, Lin Li, Zhe Gao, Qilong Wang, Han Zhang, Ling Leng","doi":"10.1002/pca.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global mortality and impose a substantial health and economic burden worldwide. Exosomes, as promising endogenous nanocarriers, have emerged as a powerful tool for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. In particular, advanced functionalization strategies have largely enhanced exosomal therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Notably, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its bioactive components exert profound regulatory effects on exosomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this review, we systematically summarize exosome-based therapeutic strategies for CVDs, along with state-of-art functionalization approaches to optimize exosomal cargo loading and targeted delivery. We further provide a comprehensive overview of TCM-mediated exosomal regulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that TCM and TCM-derived chemicals can optimize exosomal cargo loading, especially the loading of microRNAs (miRNAs) and bioactive chemicals. More importantly, TCM and chemicals can promote exosomal secretion, which provides new avenues for exosomal-scale production. Besides, there are synergistic effects between exosomes and TCM when co-administered.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, exosome-based systems hold great promise for CVD therapy, and TCM provides novel strategies for exosomal functionalization, which substantially enhances exosomal-mediated therapeutic efficacy for CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Configurational Isomer Differentiation Between 20(S)- and 20(R)-Ginsenosides in Red Ginseng via Applying [Cu^II(l-Phe)₂-H]⁺ to Post-Column Infusion LC-MS/MS.","authors":"Maodong Wang, Hangyun He, Xingcheng Gong, Yang Yang, Jiahui Wen, Ke Zhang, Yuelin Song","doi":"10.1002/pca.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>20(R)-ginsenosides are formed by Walden inversion during ginseng processing and usually exhibit almost identical MS/MS behaviors, yet display distinct pharmacological activities compared with 20(S)-configurational isomers. It is thereby crucial for isomer differentiation to facilitate quality control.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To pursue a program enabling 20(R)- and 20(S)-ginsenosides discrimination in complicated matrices using MS/MS, red ginseng, the processed form of ginseng, was deployed as a representative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five pairs of ginsenoside epimers were collected for method development. MS¹ and MS² spectra of every trimeric complex ion formed by complexation of ginsenoside, l-Phe, and Cu²⁺ were recorded using direct infusion (DI)-MS/MS, and the abundance ratio between the two dimeric fragment ions was termed R. Moreover, energy-resolved MS (ER-MS) was deployed to monitor fragmentation trajectories of precursor and concerned fragment ions and to determine the R feature at optimal collision energy, denoted R^max. To validate the applicability for differentiating epimers in complicated matrices, e.g., red ginseng extract, post-column infusion (PCI) was introduced to configure PCI-LC-ER-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20(R)- vs. 20(S)-Rg3 as representatives, [Cuᴵᴵ(l-Phe)₂(20(R)-/20(S))-Rg3)-H]⁺ complex ions were observed and R values of the dimeric fragment ions such as [Cuᴵᴵ(l-Phe)(20(R)-/20(S))-Rg3)-H]⁺ and [Cuᴵᴵ(l-Phe)₂-H]⁺, exhibited differences. R^max features obtained by DI-ER-MS showed significant differences when comparing other 20(R)- and 20(S)-configurational isomers, leading to a reliable way for epimer discrimination. The reproducibility of recognition capability on PCI-LC-ER-MS platform was justified and applied to epimer differentiation in red ginseng extract. Successes were reached for the differentiation of two pairs of epimers, 20(R)- and 20(S)-Rg3, and 20(R)- and 20(S)-Rh1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, the proposed strategy combined the complexation driven by [Cu^II(l-Phe)₂-H]⁺ with PCI-LC-ER-MS enables the differentiation of 20(R)- and 20(S)-configurational ginsenoside isomers in complicated matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"856-874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifibrotic Effects of Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi-Xiao-Yu Formula in Kidney via HIF1A-Driven M1 Macrophage Polarization.","authors":"Keda Lu, Liqing Ye, Wenze Jiang, Tianyang Cheng, Hong Xia, Peipei Zhang, Bingbing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pca.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A traditional Chinese medicine Yi-Qi-Jian-Pi-Xiao-Yu (YQJPXY) formula can potentially ameliorate chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its effect on renal fibrosis (RF), a prevalent pathological feature of CKD, remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To mimic renal injury and fibrosis, a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was employed. Using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stains, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence, the effects of YQJPXY on renal injury in UUO mice were evaluated. A series of bioinformatics analyses were then conducted to explore the key genes and immune cells involved in the therapeutic mechanism of YQJPXY. Finally, in vivo and in vitro studies provided multifaceted evaluations of YQJPXY against RF from the perspectives of macrophage dynamics and roles of HIF1A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YQJPXY treatment significantly reduced levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6, attenuated tubular damage, decreased extracellular matrix protein (FN and Col-I) expressions, and modulated fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in UUO mice in a dose-dependent manner. Bioinformatics analysis identified HIF1A as the key target of YQJPXY against RF. In vivo, HIF1A deficiency lessened RF and recruitment of CD45⁺ CD11b⁺ and CD45⁺ F4/80⁺ macrophages in fibrotic kidneys. During treatment, YQJPXY inhibited HIF1A expression and reduced M1 macrophage polarization. In vitro experiments confirmed that YQJPXY suppresses hypoxia-induced M1 macrophage polarization and HK-2 cell transdifferentiation via downregulating HIF1A.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>YQJPXY alleviates RF by attenuating HIF1A-mediated M1 macrophage polarization, providing a potential therapeutic approach for CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"813-825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148423256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Identification of the Quality of Eucommiae Cortex During the Whole Process of Salt Processing Based on Chromaticity and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.","authors":"Keer Fang, Rui Tang, Hangsha Wu, Lei Chen, Yu Ye, Bing Zhu, Yu Tian Chen, Weihong Ge, Weifeng Du","doi":"10.1002/pca.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As one of the traditional Chinese medicines, Eucommiae Cortex (EC) was often prepared with salt in the clinic to enhance its efficacy. However, its processing degree had always been judged by \"experience,\" and the quality of EC decoction pieces after processing could not be accurately controlled.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to establish a qualitative model and a quantitative model in the salting process of EC, which could quickly determine its processing degree and internal quality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>First, determine the chromaticity values and the contents of geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, and hyperoside in 123 batches of differently processed EC, and analyze their correlations. The results showed that the chromaticity values had different degrees of correlation with the components. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) method was used to establish the chromaticity qualitative discriminant model and the near-infrared (NIR) qualitative discriminant model. The two qualitative models well distinguished the samples of four categories: raw EC, processing less, salt eucommia, processing too much, and the model verification results were good. Finally, an NIR quantitative model was established by using the partial least squares (PLS) method, combined with chroma value, content, and NIR spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were different degrees of correlation between the chromaticity values and the components. The qualitative and quantitative discriminant models established were good enough to distinguish the four types of samples: raw eucommia, insufficient processing, salt eucommia, and excessive processing, and the model verification results were good.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intrinsic characteristic component content and chroma value of EC in the salting process could be predicted simultaneously by the model, which provided a rapid determination method for the quality control of EC in the processing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"826-837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances on the Chemical Compositions, Biological Activities, and Applications of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen: From Traditional Treasures to Modern Medical Stars.","authors":"Yuchen Tang, Shukui Shang, Xue Runhua, Guixiang Pan, Wenlong Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As sleep disorders and mental stress become increasingly prevalent, public demand for functional foods and health products that improve sleep quality and alleviate insomnia continue to rise. Accordingly, it is necessary to explore natural plants rich in sleep-modulating bioactive substances. Ziziphi spinosae semen (ZSS), the dried mature seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill., is a well-known medicinal and edible material with sedative and hypnotic effects. It can be processed into various food products and serves as raw material for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The chemical constituents of ZSS, including fatty oils, saponins, and flavonoids, contribute to its sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, ZSS boasts promising application prospects in the medicinal and food industries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. Data about chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and product development of ZSS were systematically collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review summarizes the chemical compositions and pharmacological activities of ZSS, and presents the latest progress in its product application.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ZSS possesses abundant bioactive compounds and exerts prominent pharmacological activities. It holds great value in chronic disease prevention and treatment, and has been developed into various functional products. Further research is required to realize intensive and rational utilization of ZSS resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"795-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating 3D Chromatography With Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry to Profile the Chemical Constituents in JTTZ Formula and Investigate Plasma Pharmacokinetic Changes in Obese Rats.","authors":"Linfeng Zhou, Nanqi Hou, Tong Hou, Zuoyang Li, Zepeng Zhang, Xiaolin Tong, Hang Su, Xiangyan Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemical profiling and exposure of multicomponent Chinese medicine formula (CMF) are essential for understanding the multitarget treatment mechanism, as they consist of bioactive substances with varying polarities, molecular weights, and charges. However, the chemical composition of CMF is highly intricate, primarily due to the presence of multiple herbs, rendering chemical identification a challenging task.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Jiangtang Tiaozhi formula (JTTZ), commonly used for early diabetes intervention, was chosen to validate our standardized analytical strategy integrating offline three - dimensional (3D) chromatography-DDA (data-dependent acquisition) with a precursor ion list (PIL)-comparative pharmacokinetic study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We have implemented an offline 3D chromatography coupled with data-dependent MS2 acquisition, including PIL, to obtain comprehensive compound information within JTTZ. We then utilized the MRM quantification approach to determine the pharmacokinetics of the 13 major circulating constituents identified in JTTZ. Finally, the variations in pharmacokinetic parameters between high-fat diet (HFD) and normal chow diet (NCD) rat models are further illustrated by comparative pharmacokinetics.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Using an offline 3D chromatography platform, 186 compounds were identified in JTTZ, as opposed to the 68 compounds detected with classical one-dimensional (1D) LC-MS technology. Through the chemical profiling results of the multidimensional chromatography, we found 41 components of JTTZ absorbed in plasma. We then utilized the MRM quantification approach to determine the pharmacokinetics of the 13 major circulating constituents identified in JTTZ. Finally, the variations in pharmacokinetic parameters between HFD and normal chow diet (NCD) rat models are further illustrated by comparative pharmacokinetics. In the HFD group, the T_1/2 values of epiberberine were higher than those in the NCD group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show that the pathological state caused by a HFD changed the plasma pharmacokinetics of jatrorrhizine, mangiferin, and timosaponin BII in JTTZ, providing drug exposure evidence for the involvement of JTTZ in early diabetes intervention. The stepwise pipeline for the \"offline 3D chromatography-DDA acquisition method with PIL-comparative pharmacokinetic study\" in the case study of JTTZ has the potential to reveal the exposure profile of other CMFs, from compound identification to pharmacokinetic analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"838-855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148339774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}