Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Discrimination between raw and ginger juice processed Fructus Gardeniae based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS and Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose.","authors":"Xingchen Fan, Kewei Zhang, Sichen Wang, Yufang Qi, Guiyu Dai, Tulin Lu, Chunqin Mao","doi":"10.1002/pca.3399","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fructus Gardeniae (ZZ), a traditional Chinese herb, has been used in treating patients with jaundice, inflammation, etc. When mixed with ginger juice and stir-baked, ginger juice-processed Fructus Gardeniae (JZZ) is produced, and the chemical compositions in ZZ would be changed by adding the ginger juice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To illuminate the differential components between ZZ and JZZ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HPLC, UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose were applied to identify the differential components between ZZ and JZZ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPLC fingerprints of ZZ and JZZ were established, and 24 common peaks were found. The content determination results showed that the contents of shanzhiside, geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside and geniposide increased, while the contents of crocin I and crocin II decreased in JZZ. By UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, twenty-six possible common components were inferred, among which 11 components were different. In further investigation, eight components were identified as the possible distinctive non-volatile compounds between ZZ and JZZ. By Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas phase electronic nose, four substances were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Shanzhiside, caffeic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, rutin, crocin I, crocin II, and 4-Sinapoyl-5-caffeoylquinic acid were identified as the possible differential non-volatile components between ZZ and JZZ. Aniline, 3-methyl-3-sulfanylbutanol-1-ol, E-3-octen-2-one, and decyl propaonate were inferred as the possible distinctive volatile compounds in JZZ. This experiment explored a simple approach with objective and stable results, which would provide new ideas for studying decoction pieces with similar morphological appearance, especially those with different odors.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"377-393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pressurized Water Extraction With Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for Isolation of Phycobiliproteins From Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina).","authors":"Lenka Burdějová, Pavlína Dadajová, Barbora Kudláčková, Filip Duša","doi":"10.1002/pca.3486","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) (Nordstedt) Gomont contains high content of phycobiliproteins (PBP), which are an important source for food industry. Methods effectively extracting proteins contained in AP cells are demanded to provide a supply of the material. Water-based extraction methods are advisable due to the high solubility of the PBP.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Extraction techniques such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized water extraction (PWE) are popular due to their environmental friendliness, better extraction efficiency, and faster extraction process. In this paper, efficiency of the two methods is compared.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>PWE along with UAE is utilized for release of PBP from the AP cells. The extraction parameters including time, temperature, pressure, and ultrasound intensity are tested to obtain the most efficient setup. The methods were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the replicates of PWE extracts were further analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence (cIEF-LIF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed PWE method using higher pressure treatment at lower temperature was significantly faster than UAE methods, and the SDS-PAGE results showed a high content of phycobiliproteins in the extracts. cIEF-LIF analysis showed that the sequential PWE of individual samples was repeatable, and the mild extraction provided a fluorescent profile similar to the commercially available C-phycocyanin standard.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pressurized water extraction was shown to be an efficient, rapid, and well-automated extraction method for AP proteins in general, including bioactive phycobiliproteins. Obtained results encourage the use of PWE in small-scale analytical applications for primary extraction of proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"458-466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Spectrophotometric Flow-Based System for the Determination of Total Polyphenol Content in Legume Flours.","authors":"Jazmín Osorio, Tânia C F Ribas, Marta W Vasconcelos, António O S S Rangel","doi":"10.1002/pca.3473","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conventional nutritional characterization of legume flours comprises costly and laborious analytical methods for nutrient quantification that establish the quality of seeds, including their macronutrient quantification, fiber, mineral, antioxidant content, and more. The quantification of total polyphenol content (TPC) in legumes is performed using different analytic methods, namely the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, which is lengthy and employs potentially toxic reagents. Additionally, it is time-consuming and prone to human error if carried out in a conventional batch mode.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a semi-automatic method for a faster, greener, and more precise TPC quantification, resorting to flow injection analysis (FIA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The development of the FIA method was based on the FC method. The flow manifold was structured by performing an array of preliminary studies, which led to the establishment of the method that displayed the highest sensitivity (highest slope of the calibration curve). The method was applied to determine the TPC in various legume flours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This novel method resulted in a throughput of 1 analysis per minute, allowing to analyze 20 samples in triplicate within an hour, with a LOD of 4.32 mg L^-1, a LOQ of 14.4 mg L^-1, and an RSD of 4.4%. The results calculated from the proposed FIA method agreed with those of the reference procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By using the FIA system, a lower consumption of reagents was observed. Additionally, as there is no need to reach chemical equilibrium, a high throughput has been achieved, resulting in a faster and greener method for the determination of polyphenols in various types of legumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"430-437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds.","authors":"Ahsan Javed, Md Badrul Alam, Marufa Naznin, Imran Shafique, Sunghwan Kim, Sang-Han Lee","doi":"10.1002/pca.3233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol-A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin-whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"343-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on Advances in the Analysis of Phytofood.","authors":"Bruna de Falco, Laura Grauso, Virginia Lanzotti","doi":"10.1002/pca.3509","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Metabolomic and Bioactivity Profiling of Zingiberaceae Species From Manipur: Elucidating Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Mechanisms Through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.","authors":"Khaidem Kennedy Singh, Huidrom Abesana Mangang, Oinam Kelo Singh, Ojit Singh Keithellakpam, Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj, Pulok K Mukherjee, Nanaocha Sharma","doi":"10.1002/pca.3517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Zingiberaceae family is well known for its therapeutic characteristics, notably its antidiabetic and antioxidant potential, which may be linked to its diverse bioactive metabolite composition. Despite widespread usage in traditional medicine, there has been little research on the chemical composition and biological activity of Zingiberaceae plants from Manipur, India.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to comprehensively profile metabolites and evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of seven Zingiberaceae species through in vitro assays and in silico molecular docking analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma caesia, Kaempferia parviflora, Curcuma zedoaria, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma angustifolia, Curcuma aromatica, and Curcuma longa were examined. TPC and TFC were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride colorimetry. Antidiabetic efficacy was assessed by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition tests. DPPH and ABTS tests measured antioxidant activity. GC-MS was used for metabolite profiling, and molecular docking was used to explore bioactive compound-antidiabetic protein interactions (3L4Y, 5UBA, NOX1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>C. caesia showed the highest TPC (85.41 GAE mg/g) and TFC (126.15 QE mg/g). Z. officinale, C. angustifolia, and K. parviflora exhibited significant α-glucosidase (74%-80%) and α-amylase (62%-73%) inhibition, surpassing acarbose. Strong antioxidant activity was observed, especially in C. caesia and Z. officinale. GC-MS identified 61 bioactive compounds, with molecular docking showing strong interactions of gingerol and zederone with 3L4Y and 5UBA, and germacrone and β-sesquiphellandrene with NOX1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seven Zingiberaceae species from Manipur exhibit notable antidiabetic and antioxidant potential, with C. caesia and Z. officinale showing superior efficacy. Key bioactives like gingerol, zederone, germacrone, and β-sesquiphellandrene demonstrated strong therapeutic target interactions, supporting their pharmacological potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Sensor Technology: Quantitation of Carbidopa and Eltrombopag Using Date Kernel-Derived Carbon Dots.","authors":"Rana Ghonim, Amira F El-Yazbi, Heba Elmansi, Hadir M Maher, Fathalla Belal","doi":"10.1002/pca.3521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this work, we developed a novel sensing technique based on food in edible \"waste\" recycling approach. The eco-friendly and rapid strategy is based on microwave pyrolysis bottom-up technique for date kernels (DK) and thiourea, resulting in the formation of sensor probe based on carbon dots (CDs) for quantification of carbidopa (CAR) and eltrombopag (ELT).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Discriminatory switch-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for the quantitation of two frequently administered drugs: CAR and ELT in nano dimension levels.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Versatile spectroscopic techniques were used for characterization. Spectrofluorimetric quenching approach is applied for this study. The interference likely to be introduced from other drugs was studied. The analytical greenness for sample preparation (AGREE prep) and complex green analytical procedure index (complex GAPI) metric tools were applied to evaluate the developed approach environmental impact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CAR and ELT exhibited static quenching to the sulfur and nitrogen date kernels carbon dots (S, NDKCDs) with high quantum yield of 53% with λex of 330 nm and λem at 410 nm over the ranges of 50.0-600.0 ng/mL and 100.0-1000.0 ng/mL, independently with high %Recovery from 98.5 to 102, low relative standard deviation (RSD) < 2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed method was validated in adherence to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The synthesized carbon nanodots were exploited for the quantitation of each of CAR and ELT in their pure forms, pharmaceutical preparations, and human plasma samples with outstanding greenness metrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics Analysis of Urine and 16S rRNA Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Rats With Blood Stasis Syndrome After Intervention With Danggui-Guizhi Decoction and Dispensing Granules.","authors":"Jiwei Yu, Qianyi Wang, Yunyuan Nong, Linlin Feng, Shulin Huang, Zhiheng Su","doi":"10.1002/pca.3518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is one of the common syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine. The Chinese medicine compound composed of \"Danggui-Guizhi (DG-GZ)\"as the core has the effect of reducing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation. However, the difference of efficacy of DG-GZ traditional decoction and dispensing granules in reducing blood stasis are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigation of the difference of decoction and dispensing granules of Danggui (DG) and Guizhi (GZ) in blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in an animal study (Six groups, n = 6).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>All rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, Danggui-Guizhi dispensed granules ( DGK-GZK), Danggui-Guizhi decoction (DG-GZ), Danggui granules-Guizhi decoction (DGK-GZ), and Danggui decoction -Guizhi granules (DG-GZK) groups (n = 6). The blood stasis model was constructed by exposing rats to ice-cold water. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) was used to compare the effects of DG-GZ (4:3 w/w) decoction and dispensing granules in improving BSS. Metabolomics analysis of urine and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate metabolic analysis and gut microbiota changes in rats with BSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of WBV showed that DG-GZ and its granules exhibited efficacy against blood stasis, and the effect of DGK-GZK in relieving blood stasis was greater than that of other administration groups. Urine metabolomics demonstrated that DGK-GZK could reverse the abnormal levels of butyrate, citrate, taurine, creatinine, glucose, and other metabolites in BSS rats. DGK-GZK could promote the enrichment of the g__Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, g__Ligilactobacillus, and g__Roseburia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of DGK-GZK intervention in BSS was stronger than that of other compound groups. This study also provides basic experimental data for exploring the difference in efficacy between traditional decoction and dispensing granules.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Quality Evaluation and Botanical Differentiation of Typhae Pollen Using UHPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Chemometric Analysis.","authors":"Fang Tian, Ying Zhang, Lixia Chen, Jieyi Wu, Hui Cao, Menghua Wu, Zhiguo Ma","doi":"10.1002/pca.3519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In China, Typhae Pollen (TP) has been extensively utilized as a medicinal product, which is the dried pollen from the male inflorescences of Typha angustifolia L. (TA), Typha orientalis Presl (TO), or species within the same genus. However, existing methods for differentiating the botanical origin and controlling the quality of TP are confusing, unreliable, and unsystematic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the microstructural similarities and differences between pollen grains of the two species and to develop a comprehensive method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple flavonoids and phenolic acids in TP.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the dried pollen grains. A comprehensive analytical approach was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze 17 flavonoids and phenolic acids. Discrepancies in constituents were further explored using partial least squares discrimination analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic examination revealed distinct differences between the pollen grains of the two species, which could be distinguished using SEM. The analytical methods established for these 17 constituents-comprising 13 flavonoids and 4 phenolic acids-proved reliable and accurate. The flavonoid glycosides in TP could be categorized into three distinct groups. In TA, the average contents of constituents 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 were higher than in TO, whereas the reverse was true for constituents 7, 14, 16, and 17. Constituents 9, 10, and 13 were unique to TO. And constituent 14 should be chosen as a more appropriate quality indicator for TO. Chemometric techniques effectively differentiated between TA and TO.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to enhancing quality control and facilitating botanical origin identification of TP and provides an experimental foundation for improving its standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Analytical Methods Used for Standardization of Triterpenoid Saponins in Herbal Monographs Included in the Russian and Other Pharmacopeias.","authors":"Larisa N Frolova, Elena L Kovaleva, Valentina V Shelestova, Vladislav Yu Kuteynikov, Elena V Flisyuk, Olga N Pozharitskaya, Alexander N Shikov","doi":"10.1002/pca.3516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Harmonization of methodological approaches to the analysis of herbal substances containing triterpenoid saponins, considered the largest group of phytochemicals, is essential for the pharmaceutical industry worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the requirements for the standardization of herbal substances, herbal medicinal products (HMPs), and other herbal materials containing triterpenoid saponins in the pharmacopeial texts of the Russian Federation and the world's leading pharmacopeias.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The review covers the data on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of herbal substances containing triterpenoid saponins, as presented in the State Register of Medicinal Products of Russia and the monographs of the world's leading pharmacopeias: the European Pharmacopeia, United States Pharmacopeia, British Pharmacopeia, Japanese Pharmacopeia, and the national pharmacopeias of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) Member States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review compares and discusses the analytical methods used for the standardization of Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds, Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem roots, Glycyrrhiza spp. roots, Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. leaves, and Polemonium caeruleum L. rhizomes with roots. The most common analytical methods used are (HP)TLC and (U)HPLC. The Russian Pharmacopeia also includes titrimetry and spectrophotometry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The appropriate selection of a group of biologically active compounds for HMP standardization is still challenging. We believe that a rational approach to the standardization of herbal substances and HMPs should be based on the use of herbal substances with maximum extractability and specific pharmacological activity. The harmonized procedures and reference substances for the identification and assay of active metabolites in HMPs must be implemented at all stages of production control from herbal substances to finished dosage forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143459171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}