Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes in Cannabis sativa L. flowers.","authors":"Justine Raeber, Bryan Bajor, Michael Poetzsch, Christian Steuer","doi":"10.1002/pca.3432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cannabis sativa L. is renowned for its medicinal and recreational uses. With the increasing global legalization of C. sativa L.-based products for medicinal purposes, there is a growing need for well-characterized products. While the stability of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol is well understood, information on the chemical and enantiomeric stability of terpenes remains scarce. This is despite the fact that terpenes are also thought to have pharmacological activity and may contribute to the overall effect of C. sativa L.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these challenges, four analytical methods based on chiral, polar, and apolar gas chromatographic separation combined with either MS or FID detection were developed and validated. These methods successfully separated and quantified a total of 29 terpenes, including 13 enantiomers and 5 diastereomers specific to C. sativa L. Furthermore, terpenes and authentic C. sativa L. flowers and extracts were subjected to UV and heat treatments to observe potential degradation reactions over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Each terpene generates a unique pattern of degradation products resulting in a diverse array of oxidation and cyclization products. P-cymene was identified as a major product of terpene aging. Notably, no enantiomeric conversion was detected, suggesting that the formation of (-)-α-pinene in cannabis extracts, for example, originates from other terpenes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Terpenes have different degradation rates, even though they are structurally similar. In addition, cultivar- and growth-condition-specific enantiomeric ratios were observed in C. sativa L., confirming that enantiomer production is species-specific and has to be considered for therapeutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NADES extraction, UHPLC-ELSD-based quantification, and network pharmacology-guided target identification of fourteen specialised metabolites from Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don.","authors":"Prithvi Pal Singh, Anmol, Patil Shivprasad Suresh, Upendra Sharma","doi":"10.1002/pca.3357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don is a folk medicinal herb rich in structurally diverse steroidal saponins. The annual demand for this herb in India is about 200-500 metric tons, highlighting the need for a thorough quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to develop an easy and reliable ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC-ELSD)-based quality assessment method with 14 specialised metabolites of T. govanianum and identify the potential targets of this herb using network pharmacology.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A UHPLC-ELSD method was developed and validated with 14 markers of T. govanianum. The developed method and natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-assisted extraction were utilised for the recovery enhancement study of targeted specialised metabolites from rhizome samples (collected from five geographically distinct areas). In addition, the network pharmacology approach was performed for these 14 markers to predict the plausible biological targets of T. govanianum.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The developed method showed good linearity (r²: 0.940-0.998), limit of detection (LOD) (2.4-9.0 μg), limit of quantification (LOQ) (7.92-29.7 μg), precision (intra-day relative standard deviations [RSDs] 0.77%-1.96% and inter-day RSDs 2.19-4.97%), and accuracy (83.24%-118.90%). NADES sample TG-1* showed the highest recovery (yield: 167.66 ± 4.39 mg/g of dry weight) of total saponin content (TSC) as compared to its hydroethanolic extract (yield: 103.95 ± 5.36 mg/g of dry weight). Sample TG-1* was the most favourable (yield: 167.66 ± 4.39 mg/g) in terms of TSC as compared to other analysed samples (32.68 ± 1.04-88.22 ± 6.79 mg/g). Govanoside D (yield: 3.43-28.06 mg/g), 22β-hydroxyprotodioscin (yield: 3.22-114.79 mg/g), and dioscin (yield: 1.07-20.82 mg/g) were quantified as the major metabolites. Furthermore, network pharmacology analysis of targeted 14 markers indicated that these molecules could be possible therapeutic agents for managing neuralgia, diabetes mellitus, and hyperalgesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study represents the first report for the simultaneous quantification and a network pharmacology-based analysis of 14 chemical marker compounds isolated from T. govanianum.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1265-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on quality marker based on the processing from Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata to Heishunpian.","authors":"Rong Xue, Qian Zhang, Xi Mei, Bin Wang, Lianlin Su, Chunqin Mao, Zhi Jun Guo, Bo Gao, De Ji, Tulin Lu","doi":"10.1002/pca.3376","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aconiti lateralis radix praeparata (ALRP), the sub root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx., is a traditional Chinese medicine with good pharmacological effects. Heishunpian (HSP), prepared through the process of brine immersing, boiling, rinsing, dyeing, and steaming ALRP is one of the most widely used forms of decoction pieces in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to investigate the mechanisms of component changes and transformations during the processing from ALRP to HSP, and to screen for their quality markers through UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples from ALRP to HSP during processing were prepared and analyzed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS. By comparing the differences between before and after each processing step, the purpose of processing and the transformation of components during processing were studied. In addition, multiple batches of ALRP and HSP were determined, and potential quality markers were screened.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through the analysis of ALRP and five key processing samples, 55 components were identified. Immersing in brine, rinsing, and dyeing were the main factors of component loss, and boiling caused a slight loss of components. Some components were enhanced during the steaming process. Combining the screened differences components between multiple ALRP and HSP, 10 components were considered as potential quality biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that the adjacent hydroxyl groups of the ester group may have a positive impact on the hydrolysis of the ester group, and 10 quality markers were preliminarily screened. It provides a reference for quality control and clinical application of ALRP and HSP.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1443-1456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive quality evaluation of Lysimachia christinae Hance via fingerprint, spectrum-effect relationship, and quantitative analyses of multiple components by single marker.","authors":"Quji LuoRong, Li-Hong Tan, Bao Yu, Yingqin Wu, Juan Luo, Wei-Guo Cao, Jingjing Li, Huan Chen, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3394","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lysimachia christinae Hance (LCH) is a traditional medicine used to treat gallstone disease and cholecystitis. Despite its known anti-inflammatory and choleretic effects, its quality has not been extensively evaluated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aimed to establish a reliable quality evaluation method for LCH via fingerprint, spectrum-effect relationship, and quantitative analyses of multicomponents by a single marker (QAMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, the fingerprints and anti-inflammatory and choleretic activities of 14 LCH batches were determined. Then, the gray relation analysis method was used to analyze the peak areas of the fingerprint profile and pharmacodynamic data. Subsequently, the characteristic peaks were tentatively identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Finally, rutin was selected as the internal reference material, and QAMS was used to analyze the LCH components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pharmacodynamic experiments confirmed that LCH exerted anti-inflammatory and choleretic effects. Moreover, 15 flavonoids related to the anti-inflammatory and choleretic effects of LCH were identified. Notably, relative error percentage between the QAMS and external standard method was less than 5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study successfully established a comprehensive evaluation method for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of LCH.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1527-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and UPLC-DAD to evaluate the influence of sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba on the overall quality of three Si-Wu-Tang formulations.","authors":"Jun-Jie Wang, Cai-Feng Hao, Pei-Yao Huang, Xiang-Ling Qin, Shan-Shan Zhou, Jin-Di Xu, Qian Mao, Song-Lin Li, Ming Kong","doi":"10.1002/pca.3379","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sulfur-fumigation of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA) could induce the chemical transformation of its bioactive component paeoniflorin into a sulfur-containing derivative paeoniflorin sulfite, and thus alter the quality, bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities of PRA. However, how sulfur-fumigated PRA (S-PRA) affects the quality of PRA-containing complex preparations has not been intensively evaluated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We intend to evaluate the influence of S-PRA on the overall quality of three kinds of Si-Wu-Tang (SWT) formulations, i.e., decoction (SWT-D), granule (SWT-G), and mixture (SWT-M).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An UPLC-DAD multi-components quantification method was used to compare the transfer rates of paeoniflorin sulfite and other 10 bioactive components between S-PRA-containing and NS-PRA-containing SWT formulations. An UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based target metabolomics approach was applied to explore the differential sulfur-containing derivatives in S-PRA-containing SWT formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The transfer rates of paeoniflorin sulfite in three S-PRA-containing SWT formulations were all higher than 100%. Moreover, S-PRA also increased the transfer rate of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose, whereas decreased that of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, and ferulic acid in three SWT formulations. Six pinane monoterpene glucoside sulfites originally identified in S-PRA, were also detectable in three S-PRA-containing SWT formulations. In addition, seven phenolic acid sulfites including (3Z)-6-sulfite-ligustilide, (3E)-6-sulfite-ligustilide, 6,8-disulfite-ligustilide, ferulic acid sulfite, neochlorogenic acid sulfite, chlorogenic acid sulfite, and angelicide sulfite (or isomer) were newly identified in these three S-PRA-containing formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>S-PRA could differentially affect the transfer rate of paeoniflorin sulfite and other bioactive components during the preparation of three SWT formulations and subsequently the overall quality thereof.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1486-1495"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthetic pathway analysis combined with feature-based molecular networking to comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents in seeds of Sterculia lychnophora.","authors":"Wei Liu, Run-Zhou Liu, Hua Yang, Wen Gao, Ping Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.3369","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance, commonly known as Pangdahai (PDH) in Chinese, have found extensive use in both culinary and traditional medicinal practices. However, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of PDH has been lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study proposes a strategy that integrates biosynthetic pathway analysis with feature-based molecular networking (FBMN), aiming for a thorough and global characterization of the chemical compositions of PDH.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The FBMN map reveals potential compounds with structural similarity, and the MS/MS fragments could be annotated based on library matches, which could predict the plausible biosynthetic pathways in PDH, accomplishing the annotation of compounds clustered in FBMN by integrating biosynthetic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consequently, 126 compounds were plausibly or unambiguously identified, including 37 phenolic acids and glycosides, 20 flavonoids and glycosides, 12 procyanidins, 21 alkaloids, 22 lipids, and 14 others. Leveraging the information, 40 compounds, including 1 unique isoquinoline alkaloid and 2 rare linear furocoumarins, were isolated and confirmed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study not only demonstrates a highly effective approach for identifying compounds within complex herbal mixtures but also establishes a robust foundation for the further development of PDH.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1358-1370"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140852339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective and comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing Ginkgo biloba leaf extract enriched in shikimic acid by macroporous resin column chromatography.","authors":"Sijie Zhang, Xingchu Gong, Haibin Qu","doi":"10.1002/pca.3375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Previously reported preparation methods of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGBL) have mainly focused on the enrichment of flavonoid glycosides (FG) and terpene trilactones (TT), which led to the underutilization of G. biloba leaves (GBL).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To make full use of GBL, in this study, a comprehensive optimization strategy for preparing EGBL by macroporous resin column chromatography was proposed and applied to enrich FG, TT, and shikimic acid (SA) from GBL.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Initially, the static adsorption and desorption were executed to select suitable resin. Then, the influences of solution pH were investigated by the static and dynamic adsorption. Subsequently, eight process parameters were systematically investigated via a definitive screening design (DSD). After verification experiments, scale-up enrichment was carried out, investigating the feasibility of the developed strategy for application on an industrial scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that XDA1 was the most appropriate adsorbent for the preparation of EGBL at solution pH 2.0. Furthermore, based on the constraints of the desired quality attributes, the optimized ranges of operating parameters were successfully acquired, and the verification experiments demonstrated the accuracy and reliability of using DSD to investigate the chromatography process for the preparation of EGBL. Finally, magnified experiments were successfully performed, obtaining the EGBL containing 26.54% FG, 8.96% TT, and 10.70% SA, which reached the SA level of EGB761, an international standard EGBL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study not only provided an efficient and convenient approach for the preparation of EGBL enriched in SA but also accelerated efforts to high-value utilization of GBL.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1428-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative analysis of licorice and strychnine decoction before and after combination using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.","authors":"Yuyan Guo, Yuxin Wei, Shuang Sun, Dayu Yang, Shaowa Lv","doi":"10.1002/pca.3366","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (GG) and Strychnos nux-vomica L. (NV) are traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Changes in the chemical composition may occur before and after the GG-NV compatibility. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography Q-exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS) was applied here to study the difference in the components of the GG and NV decoctions before and after they were combined. The changes in the chemical composition of GG and NV before and after the combination were determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The precise molecular weight, retention time, and fragment ion peak of the different components of the decoctions before and after compatibility were obtained through UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS. Differential analysis methods, such as principal component analysis, were used for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the positive ion mode, 200 new components were added, whereas six components were lost. In the negative ion mode, 144 new compounds were identified, whereas three components were missing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The compatibility difference between GG and NV was studied through UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS. The chemical composition of GG and NV changed before and after compatibility, and a class of compounds different from GG and NV was identified in the co-decoction. This study provides an experimental basis for subsequent research into detoxification mechanisms of the GG-NV combination and offers a new analytical method for investigating the compatibility of various other TCM pairs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1323-1344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UHPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MS-α-amylase-FLD activity detection system and molecular docking.","authors":"Yaya Zhu, Yuangui Yang, Zhishu Tang, Taotao Xue, Shizhong Chen, Haodong Yang, Zenghu Su, Hongbo Xu","doi":"10.1002/pca.3377","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Traditional and some scientific literature document the antidiabetic effects of the Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS). However, the bioactive compounds of ZSS responsible for the antidiabetic effects are not well known.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the material basis of the antidiabetic effects of ZSS by inhibiting α-amylase.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>An online analysis platform was established and optimized using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photo-diode array-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry-α-amylase-fluorescence detector (UHPLC-PDA-Q-TOF-MS-α-amylase-FLD) system to screen α-amylase inhibitors in ZSS rapidly. The inhibitory effect of these compounds was confirmed by molecular docking screening. and the molecular interactions between α-amylase and active compounds were evaluated, which strongly supported the experimental results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-eight compounds were identified in the ZSS extract, eleven of which were screened to have significant α-amylase binding activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the feasibility of using an established platform to screen for effective components in ZSS, providing a practical method for the rapid screening of potential antidiabetic active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1457-1471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and Hydrocotyle umbellata L. identification and quality assessment: A methodology comparison.","authors":"Benjaporn Noppradit, Lompong Klinnawee, Charan Leeratiwong, Rachanida Praparatana, Panupong Puttarak","doi":"10.1002/pca.3371","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Centella is an important genus in the Apiaceae family. It includes Centella asiatica, which has significant edible and medicinal values. However, this species is easily confused due to its similar morphological traits to Hydrocotyle umbellata, hindering its utilization in the consumer and pharmacological industries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to differentiate these two closely related plant species using reliable methods of confirming the authenticity of natural herbal medicines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our work mainly focuses on the basic morphological characteristics, chemical markers, genetic fingerprints, and their biological responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The plants can be clearly differentiated using their leaf shapes, stipules, petioles, inflorescences, and fruit structures. Although the phytochemical compositions of the C. asiatica extract were similar to that of H. umbellata which included flavonoids, tannins, and saponins important to the plant's ability to reduce inflammation and promote healing of wounds, the H. umbellata extract showed significantly higher toxicity than that of C. asiatica. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was used to identify chemical fingerprints. The result revealed that C. asiatica had major triterpene glycoside constituents including asiaticoside, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and madecassic acid, which have a wide range of medicinal values. In contrast, triterpenoid saponins were not identified in H. umbellata. Furthermore, using SCoT1-6 primers was possible to effectively and sufficiently created a dendrogram which successfully identified the closeness of the plants and confirmed the differences between the two plant species.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, differentiation can be achieved through the combination of morphometrics, molecular bioactivity, and chemical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1383-1398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}