Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Degradation of andrographolide in Andrographis paniculata over 1 year storage.","authors":"Md Tanvin Ahammed, Md Zakir Sultan, Md Sabbir Hossain, Mamun Al Mahtab, Sitesh Chandra Bachar","doi":"10.1002/pca.3441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3441","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Andrographolide is a bioactive component found in the medicinal herb Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (Family-Acanthaceae) is well-known for its ability to cure liver disorders and as a bitter tonic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, the rate of degradation of andrographolide was examined over the course of a year of storage.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>New and old (1-year storage) A. paniculata powder samples were used in the study. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to assess the concentration of andrographolide after its extraction using ethanol as the solvent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated a 69.26% progressive deterioration of andrographolide over the storage period. Temperature and crystallinity are two factors that affect how quickly andrographolide degrades.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results emphasize how crucial it is to retain the effectiveness of A. paniculata extract by avoiding prolonged storage or by providing ideal storage conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation of astragaloside IV from Astragalus membranaceus based on high-speed countercurrent chromatography in continuous injection mode.","authors":"Yin-Di Zhao, Qian-Xia Su, Ning-Li Wang, Dong Pei, Xin-Yi Huang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is an index for the quality evaluation of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus and an important material basis for Astragalus to exert its medicinal effects, and it is difficult to obtain a single AS-IV by ordinary separation methods.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To find a new isolation method that can prepare AS-IV quickly and efficiently.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>AS-IV was isolated from Astragalus membranaceus extract by high-speed countercurrent chromatography using a two-phase solvent system consisting of ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (4.2:0.8:5, v/v) at a speed of 950 rpm at a flow rate of 2 mL/min using one of the high-speed countercurrent chromatographic sequential injection models developed during the previous study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the common countercurrent chromatographic separation, this separation method increased the injection volume and yield by 4-fold and 4.47-fold, respectively, with only about 1.2-fold increase in solvent consumption and separation time, and the purity was basically not reduced, and 55.9 mg of AS-IV, with a purity of 96.95%, was finally prepared from 400 mg of the crude extract in 240 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The continuous injection mode of high-speed countercurrent chromatography was able to successfully prepare a large amount of AS-IV with high purity at one time.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of phytotherapeutic nanoformulation containing Gypsophila eriocalyx and its evaluation as a candidate formulation for osteoporosis treatment on human bone marrow stem cells.","authors":"Sibel Kaymak, Ozan Baris Kurtur, Bahar Gok, Yasemin Budama-Kilinc, Serda Kecel-Gunduz, Ebru Özdemir Nath, Murat Kartal","doi":"10.1002/pca.3440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osteoporosis, one of the common bone diseases, manifests itself as a decrease in bone mass. Recently, the use of medicinal plants in the search for effective and low-toxicity therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis has become a trending topic.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we aim to prepare a controlled drug carrier system loaded with Gypsophila eriocalyx to determine its potential for anti-osteoporosis applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gypsophila eriocalyx extract (GEE) was prepared, and components were determined. The molecular interactions of the components with Cathepsin K (CatK), which is used as a target in drug development against osteoporosis, were revealed by in silico molecular docking and MD methods. ADMET profiles were also examined. GEE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were synthesized. The nanoparticles' morphology, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, release profile, average size, polydispersity index, and zeta potentials were determined. The cytotoxic effects of GEE and GEE-loaded CNPs on the L929 and osteogenic proliferation profiles on human bone marrow stem cells (hBMC) were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MD analysis revealed no breaks or atomic changes in the dynamic system, and the docking analysis confirmed the continued interaction of identical residues. It was determined that the GEE-loaded CNP formulation was produced successfully, had no toxic effect on the L929, and had an osteogenic proliferation effect on hBMC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In line with the in vitro and in silico results obtained, it was evaluated that GEE-loaded CNPs can be used as a controlled drug release system as a candidate formulation with phytotherapeutic properties for osteoporosis treatment.q1.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142073471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Colombia's medicinal Cannabis sativa treasure trove: Phenotypic and Chemotypic diversity in legal cultivation.","authors":"Diego J Enríquez, Julio C Alonso, Lucas Hille, Stefan Brand, Ulrike Holzgrabe, Daniela Vergara, Guillermo Montoya, Yesid A Ramírez","doi":"10.1002/pca.3436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cannabis sativa is a highly versatile plant with a long history of cultivation and domestication. It produces multiple compounds that exert distinct and valuable therapeutic effects by modulating diverse biological systems, including the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Access to standardized, metabolically diverse, and reproducible C. sativa chemotypes and chemovars is essential for physicians to optimize individualized patient treatment and for industries to conduct drug-discovery campaigns.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize and assess the phytochemical diversity of C. sativa chemotypes in diverse ecological regions of Colombia, South America.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Ten cannabinoids and 23 terpenes were measured using liquid and gas chromatography, in addition to other phenotypic traits, in 156 C. sativa plants that were grown in diverse ecological regions in Colombia, a hotspot for global biodiversity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results reveal significant phytochemical diversity in Colombian-grown C. sativa plants, with four distinct chemotypes based on cannabinoid profile. The significant amount of usually uncommon terpenes suggests that Colombia's environments may have unique capabilities that allow the plant to express these compounds. Colombia's diverse climates offer enormous cultivation potential, making it a key player in both domestic and international medicinal and recreational C. sativa trade.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore Colombia's capacity to pioneer global C. sativa production diversification, particularly in South America with new emerging markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HerbMet: Enhancing metabolomics data analysis for accurate identification of Chinese herbal medicines using deep learning.","authors":"Yuyang Sha, Meiting Jiang, Gang Luo, Weiyu Meng, Xiaobing Zhai, Hongxin Pan, Junrong Li, Yan Yan, Yongkang Qiao, Wenzhi Yang, Kefeng Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.3437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chinese herbal medicines have been utilized for thousands of years to prevent and treat diseases. Accurate identification is crucial since their medicinal effects vary between species and varieties. Metabolomics is a promising approach to distinguish herbs. However, current metabolomics data analysis and modeling in Chinese herbal medicines are limited by small sample sizes, high dimensionality, and overfitting.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to use metabolomics data to develop HerbMet, a high-performance artificial intelligence system for accurately identifying Chinese herbal medicines, particularly those from different species of the same genus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose HerbMet, an AI-based system for accurately identifying Chinese herbal medicines. HerbMet employs a 1D-ResNet architecture to extract discriminative features from input samples and uses a multilayer perceptron for classification. Additionally, we design the double dropout regularization module to alleviate overfitting and improve model's performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to 10 commonly used machine learning and deep learning methods, HerbMet achieves superior accuracy and robustness, with an accuracy of 0.9571 and an F1-score of 0.9542 for distinguishing seven similar Panax ginseng species. After feature selection by 25 different feature ranking techniques in combination with prior knowledge, we obtained 100% accuracy and an F1-score for discriminating P. ginseng species. Furthermore, HerbMet exhibits acceptable inference speed and computational costs compared to existing approaches on both CPU and GPU.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HerbMet surpasses existing solutions for identifying Chinese herbal medicines species. It is simple to use in real-world scenarios, eliminating the need for feature ranking and selection in classical machine learning-based methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive phytochemical profiling of Phyllanthus emblica L. flowers on UHPLC/MS quadrupole time of flight, HPTLC, HPLC, and NMR analytical platforms reveals functional metabolites with potent anti-inflammatory effects in human (THP-1) macrophages.","authors":"Acharya Balkrishna, Sudeep Verma, Priya Rani M, Monali Joshi, Meenu Tomer, Vivek Gohel, Pardeep Nain, Rishabh Dev, Anurag Varshney","doi":"10.1002/pca.3433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Phyllanthus emblica L., renowned for its pharmacological benefits found in its fruits and leaves, has received considerable attention. However, there is a notable lack of research on its flowers, specifically on metabolite profiling and pharmacological activity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to delineate the phytochemical constituents of hydromethanolic extract of P. emblica flowers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic methods and subsequent evaluation of its anti-inflammatory potential.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The identification and characterization of phytochemicals in P. emblica flowers was performed by UHPLC/MS-QToF in both positive and negative ionization modes. Additionally, marker compounds present in flower extract were analyzed using HPTLC, HPLC, FT-IR, and NMR methods. The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 macrophages by evaluating inflammatory biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UHPLC/MS-QToF analysis facilitated the identification of 51 compounds from P. emblica flowers including gallic acid derivatives, flavonoid glycosides, and tannins based on their fragmentation patterns and previous literature reports. Notably, the study also identified spermidine compounds for the first time in this species. Optimization of HPTLC and HPLC methods marked the presence of corilagin as major compound followed by FT-IR and NMR spectral methods. Moreover, treatment with hydromethanolic extract of P. emblica flowers resulted in decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, alongside modulation of nuclear factor-κB activity in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 macrophages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chromatographic techniques in conjunction with spectral methods found robust prevalence in the identification of signature phytometabolites present in P. emblica flowers, which sets the basis for its anti-inflammatory potentials. The studies established a foundation for further exploration of potential applications of P. emblica flowers across various domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals variation in the metabolites of Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium huoshanense, Dendrobium nobile.","authors":"Li Chen, Shuna Duan, Jiahui Huang, Li Hu, Shuping Liu, Qiqian Lan, Gang Wei","doi":"10.1002/pca.3429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dendrobium is a perennial herb of the genus Dendrobium in the orchid family. Generally, Dendrobium officinale (TP) and Dendrobium huoshanense (HS) are both considered to have the function of yin-nourishing, while Dendrobium nobile (JC) has better efficacy of heat-clearing. However, because of the wide variety of Dendrobium species, the classification and clinical application of Dendrobium are often confused clearly distinguished in different medicinal uses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In order to compare the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the three Dendrobium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected TP, HS, and JC cultivated on stone for metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses between 2 and 3 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that a total of 489 metabolites were obtained, including 72 were DAMs. The 72 DAMs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Transcriptome analysis results showed that 1,038 annotated DEGs were identified among the three Dendrobium species. The comprehensive analysis showed that the three Dendrobium differed in the distribution of the content of four major active components: flavonoids, amino acids, alkaloids, and sugars and alcohols, among which the DAMs and DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, metabolomics and transcriptomics were utilized to compare the differences among the three species of Dendrobium, to provide theoretical references for future research and selection of different species of Dendrobium based on different medicinal uses, and to lay the foundation for further research on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Dendrobium.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated approach for discrimination of Magnoliae officinalis cortex before and after being processed by ginger juice combining LC/MS, GC/MS, intelligent sensors, and chemometrics.","authors":"Li Yang, Zhenzhen Xue, Zhiyong Li, Jiaqi Li, Bin Yang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Magnoliae officinalis cortex (MOC) is an important traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and both raw and stir-fried MOC were commonly used in clinic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to discriminate MOC and MOC stir-fried with ginger juice (MOCG) using an integrated approach combining liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), intelligent sensors, and chemometrics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sensory characters of the samples were digitalized using intelligent sensors, i.e., colorimeter, electronic nose, and electronic tongue. Meanwhile, the chemical profiles of the samples were analyzed using LC/MS and GC/MS methods. Chemometric models were constructed to discriminate samples of MOC and MOCG based on not only the sensory data but also the chemical data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The differential sensory characters (L* and b* from colorimeter, ANS from electronic tongue, W1S and W2S from electronic nose) and the differential chemical compounds (26 and 11 compounds from LC/MS and GC/MS, respectively) were discovered between MOC and MOCG. Furthermore, twelve differential compounds showed good relations with differential sensory characters. Finally, artificial neural network models were established to discriminate samples of MOC and MOCG, in which W1S, W2S, ANS, b*, and 10 differential compounds were among the top 10 important variables, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Samples of MOC and MOCG can be discriminated not only by the digitalized data of color, taste, and scent detected by intelligent sensors but also by chemical information obtained from LC/MS and GC/MS using chemometrics. The variations in sensory characters and chemical compounds between MOC and MOCG partially resulted from the Maillard reaction products and the oxidation of some compounds in the stir-frying process.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical profiling and quality evaluation of raw and vinegar-processing frankincense by multiple UPLC-MS/MS techniques.","authors":"Na Li, Yuan Wang, Jinqiu Rao, Zicheng Ma, Bingyang Zhang, Zhiying Dou, Kai Wang, Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1002/pca.3435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frankincense is used for analgesic, tumor-suppressive, and anti-inflammatory treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine but poses toxicological concerns. Vinegar processing is a common technique used to reduce the toxicity of frankincense.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and quality evaluation of raw and vinegar-processing frankincense by multiple UPLC-MS/MS techniques. Additionally, we purposed refining the vinegar processing technique and identifying potentially harmful ingredients in the raw frankincense.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sub-chronic oral toxicity studies were conducted on raw and vinegar-processing frankincense in rats. The composition of frankincense was identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Chemometrics were used to differentiate between raw and vinegar-processing frankincense. Potential chemical markers were identified by selecting differential components, which were further exactly determined by UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. Moreover, the viability of the HepG2 cells of those components with reduced contents after vinegar processing was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The toxicity of raw frankincense is attenuated by vinegar processing, among which vinegar-processing frankincense (R40) (herb weight: rice vinegar weight = 40:1) exhibited the lowest toxicity. A total of 83 components were identified from frankincense, including 40 triterpenoids, 37 diterpenoids, and 6 other types. The contents of six components decreased after vinegar-processing, with the lowest levels in R40. Three components, specifically 3α-acetoxy-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), 3α-acetoxy-α-boswellic acid (α-ABA), and 3α-acetoxy-β-boswellic acid (β-ABA), inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells. The processing of frankincense with vinegar at a ratio of 40:1 could be an effective method of reducing the toxicity in raw frankincense.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research improves understanding of the toxic substance basis and facilitates future assessments of frankincense quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective strategy for distinguishing raw and vinegar Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus based on electronic eye and electronic tongue combined with chemometrics.","authors":"Lixia Wang, Kaiyang Liu, Tong Wu, Xiaoxu Chen, Yingying Chen, Chunyu Yue, Zhuju Wang, Hongwei Wu, Liying Tang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in treating virtual injury and strain since ancient times. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia reveals that SCF includes raw (RSCF) and vinegar-processed (VSCF) decoction pieces.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study developed an effective method combining the electronic eye (e-eye), electronic tongue (e-tongue), and chemometrics to discriminate RSCF and VSCF from the perspective of chemical composition, color, and taste.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>First, RSCF were collected and processed into VSCF, and their color parameters, e-tongue sensory properties, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-HPLC (UPLC) characteristic fingerprints, and nominal ingredients were determined. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component, linear discriminant, similarity, and partial least squares discriminant analyses, were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HPLC and UPLC fingerprints were established, demonstrating a > 0.900 similarity. The content determination indicated increased schisantherin A, schisantherin B, and schisandrin A contents in VSCF. The e-eye data demonstrated a > 1.5 total color difference before and after processing ΔE*_ab, indicating the significantly changed sample color and appearance before and after processing. The e-tongue technology was used to quantitatively characterize the taste of RSCF and VSCF. The t-test revealed significantly reduced sourness, aftertaste-bitter, and aftertaste-astringent values of SCF after vinegar processing. Principal component and partial least squares discriminant analyses indicated that e-eye and e-tongue realize the rapid RSCF and VSCF identification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed comprehensive strategy of electronic eye and electronic tongue combined with chemometrics demonstrated satisfactory results with high efficiency, accuracy, and reliability. This can be developed into a novel and accurate method for discriminating RSCF and VSCF.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141894094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}