Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"A comparative metabolomics analysis of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit, food powder, and botanical dietary supplement extracts.","authors":"Kabre L Heck, Yuyan Yi, Destini Thornton, Jingyi Zheng, Angela I Calderón","doi":"10.1002/pca.3416","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) is a botanical of interest to many who seek functional foods that provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients are increasingly taking botanical dietary supplements containing açaí to complement their conventional therapeutics, which may lead to serious adverse events. Before testing our açaí extracts in vitro for botanical-drug interactions, the goal is to chemically characterize our extracts for compounds whose biological activity in açaí is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this work was to develop a chemical fingerprinting method for untargeted characterization of açaí samples from a variety of sources, including food products and botanical dietary supplement capsules, made with multiple extraction solvents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An optimized LC-MS method was generated for in-depth untargeted fingerprinting of chemical constituents in açaí extracts. Statistical analysis models were used to describe relationships between the açaí extracts based on molecular features found in both positive and negative mode ESI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In an attempt to elucidate the differences in metabolites among açaí extracts from different cultivars, we identified or tentatively identified 173 metabolites from the 16 extracts made from 6 different sources. Of these compounds, there are 138 reported in açaí for the first time. Statistical models showed similar yet distinct differences between the extracts tested based on the polarity of compounds present and the origin of the source material.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high-resolution mass spectrometry method was generated that allowed us to greatly characterize 16 complex extracts made from different sources of açaí with different extraction solvent polarities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"394-408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An efficient microchip electromembrane extraction online with high-performance liquid chromatography for the measurement of nicotine in high consumption vegetables.","authors":"Fatemeh Barzegar, Marzieh Kamankesh, Abdorreza Mohammadi","doi":"10.1002/pca.3418","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nicotine, a highly addictive substance, is naturally produced in the Solanaceae family of plants, particularly tobacco. The presence of nicotine in plant foods has adverse effects on the lungs, kidneys, heart, and reproductive system.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A novel three-phase microchip flat electromembrane coupled with online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to analyze nicotine in tomato, mushroom, eggplant, bell pepper, and red pepper.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The microchip was connected to the HPLC in online mode. All effective variables were optimized to achieve the best extraction response. The use of electric potential and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether -5% di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate as a modified supported liquid membrane (SLM) increased the sensitivity and selectivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimal extraction voltage, extraction time, and ion balance were 40 V, 10 min and 0, respectively. The dynamic linear range was 0.5-1000 ng g^-1. The obtained recovery, relative standard deviation, and enrichment factor were 98%, 7%, and 35, respectively. The limits of detection 0.4 ng g^-1 and the limits of quantification were obtained 1.3 ng g^-1. The highest (105.0 ng g^-1) and lowest (3.4 ng g^-1) concentrations of nicotine were obtained for eggplant and tomato, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Selective electromembrane extraction of nicotine from the donor phase to the acceptor phase was performed by optimizing the main variables influencing the method mechanism. The new channel design in this analytical system and online injection increased efficiency, stability, and repeatability. The results revealed that this method is capable for the efficient determination of trace amount of nicotine in edible vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"409-418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Pressurized Water Extraction With Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for Isolation of Phycobiliproteins From Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina).","authors":"Lenka Burdějová, Pavlína Dadajová, Barbora Kudláčková, Filip Duša","doi":"10.1002/pca.3486","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis (AP) (Nordstedt) Gomont contains high content of phycobiliproteins (PBP), which are an important source for food industry. Methods effectively extracting proteins contained in AP cells are demanded to provide a supply of the material. Water-based extraction methods are advisable due to the high solubility of the PBP.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Extraction techniques such as ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized water extraction (PWE) are popular due to their environmental friendliness, better extraction efficiency, and faster extraction process. In this paper, efficiency of the two methods is compared.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>PWE along with UAE is utilized for release of PBP from the AP cells. The extraction parameters including time, temperature, pressure, and ultrasound intensity are tested to obtain the most efficient setup. The methods were evaluated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the replicates of PWE extracts were further analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence (cIEF-LIF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed PWE method using higher pressure treatment at lower temperature was significantly faster than UAE methods, and the SDS-PAGE results showed a high content of phycobiliproteins in the extracts. cIEF-LIF analysis showed that the sequential PWE of individual samples was repeatable, and the mild extraction provided a fluorescent profile similar to the commercially available C-phycocyanin standard.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pressurized water extraction was shown to be an efficient, rapid, and well-automated extraction method for AP proteins in general, including bioactive phycobiliproteins. Obtained results encourage the use of PWE in small-scale analytical applications for primary extraction of proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"458-466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Spectrophotometric Flow-Based System for the Determination of Total Polyphenol Content in Legume Flours.","authors":"Jazmín Osorio, Tânia C F Ribas, Marta W Vasconcelos, António O S S Rangel","doi":"10.1002/pca.3473","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conventional nutritional characterization of legume flours comprises costly and laborious analytical methods for nutrient quantification that establish the quality of seeds, including their macronutrient quantification, fiber, mineral, antioxidant content, and more. The quantification of total polyphenol content (TPC) in legumes is performed using different analytic methods, namely the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) method, which is lengthy and employs potentially toxic reagents. Additionally, it is time-consuming and prone to human error if carried out in a conventional batch mode.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop a semi-automatic method for a faster, greener, and more precise TPC quantification, resorting to flow injection analysis (FIA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The development of the FIA method was based on the FC method. The flow manifold was structured by performing an array of preliminary studies, which led to the establishment of the method that displayed the highest sensitivity (highest slope of the calibration curve). The method was applied to determine the TPC in various legume flours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This novel method resulted in a throughput of 1 analysis per minute, allowing to analyze 20 samples in triplicate within an hour, with a LOD of 4.32 mg L^-1, a LOQ of 14.4 mg L^-1, and an RSD of 4.4%. The results calculated from the proposed FIA method agreed with those of the reference procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By using the FIA system, a lower consumption of reagents was observed. Additionally, as there is no need to reach chemical equilibrium, a high throughput has been achieved, resulting in a faster and greener method for the determination of polyphenols in various types of legumes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"430-437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on Advances in the Analysis of Phytofood.","authors":"Bruna de Falco, Laura Grauso, Virginia Lanzotti","doi":"10.1002/pca.3509","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sargassum fusiforme and characterisation of bioactive compounds.","authors":"Ahsan Javed, Md Badrul Alam, Marufa Naznin, Imran Shafique, Sunghwan Kim, Sang-Han Lee","doi":"10.1002/pca.3233","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sargassum fusiforme (Harvey) Setchell, also known as Tot (in Korean) and Hijiki (in Japanese), is widely consumed in Korea, Japan, and China due to its health promoting properties. However, the bioactive component behind the biological activity is still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to optimise the extraction conditions for achieving maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity by using two sophisticated statistical tools, that is, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Moreover, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to tentatively identify the components, which are then further studied for molecular docking study using 2Y9X protein.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>RSM central composite design was used to conduct extraction using microwave equipment, which was then compared to ANN. Electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to tentatively identify bioactive components, which were then docked to the 2Y9X protein using AutoDock Vina and MolDock software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum tyrosinase inhibition activity of 79.530% was achieved under optimised conditions of time: 3.27 min, temperature: 128.885°C, ethanol concentration: 42.13%, and microwave intensity: 577.84 W. Furthermore, 48 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified in optimised Sargassum fusiforme (OSF) extract, and among them, seven phenolics, five flavonoids, five lignans, six terpenes, and five sulfolipids and phospholipids were putatively reported for the first time in Sargassum fusiforme. Among 48 bioactive components, trifuhalol-A, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, glycyrrhizin, and arctigenin exhibited higher binding energies for 2Y9X.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, these findings suggest that OSF extract can be used as an effective skin-whitening source on a commercial level and could be used in topical formulations by replacing conventional drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"343-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9516978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Metabolomic and Bioactivity Profiling of Zingiberaceae Species From Manipur: Elucidating Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Mechanisms Through In Vitro and In Silico Approaches.","authors":"Khaidem Kennedy Singh, Huidrom Abesana Mangang, Oinam Kelo Singh, Ojit Singh Keithellakpam, Pardeep Kumar Bhardwaj, Pulok K Mukherjee, Nanaocha Sharma","doi":"10.1002/pca.3517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Zingiberaceae family is well known for its therapeutic characteristics, notably its antidiabetic and antioxidant potential, which may be linked to its diverse bioactive metabolite composition. Despite widespread usage in traditional medicine, there has been little research on the chemical composition and biological activity of Zingiberaceae plants from Manipur, India.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to comprehensively profile metabolites and evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of seven Zingiberaceae species through in vitro assays and in silico molecular docking analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydroalcoholic extracts of Curcuma caesia, Kaempferia parviflora, Curcuma zedoaria, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma angustifolia, Curcuma aromatica, and Curcuma longa were examined. TPC and TFC were measured using Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride colorimetry. Antidiabetic efficacy was assessed by α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition tests. DPPH and ABTS tests measured antioxidant activity. GC-MS was used for metabolite profiling, and molecular docking was used to explore bioactive compound-antidiabetic protein interactions (3L4Y, 5UBA, NOX1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>C. caesia showed the highest TPC (85.41 GAE mg/g) and TFC (126.15 QE mg/g). Z. officinale, C. angustifolia, and K. parviflora exhibited significant α-glucosidase (74%-80%) and α-amylase (62%-73%) inhibition, surpassing acarbose. Strong antioxidant activity was observed, especially in C. caesia and Z. officinale. GC-MS identified 61 bioactive compounds, with molecular docking showing strong interactions of gingerol and zederone with 3L4Y and 5UBA, and germacrone and β-sesquiphellandrene with NOX1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seven Zingiberaceae species from Manipur exhibit notable antidiabetic and antioxidant potential, with C. caesia and Z. officinale showing superior efficacy. Key bioactives like gingerol, zederone, germacrone, and β-sesquiphellandrene demonstrated strong therapeutic target interactions, supporting their pharmacological potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Sensor Technology: Quantitation of Carbidopa and Eltrombopag Using Date Kernel-Derived Carbon Dots.","authors":"Rana Ghonim, Amira F El-Yazbi, Heba Elmansi, Hadir M Maher, Fathalla Belal","doi":"10.1002/pca.3521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this work, we developed a novel sensing technique based on food in edible \"waste\" recycling approach. The eco-friendly and rapid strategy is based on microwave pyrolysis bottom-up technique for date kernels (DK) and thiourea, resulting in the formation of sensor probe based on carbon dots (CDs) for quantification of carbidopa (CAR) and eltrombopag (ELT).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Discriminatory switch-off fluorescent nanosensors were utilized for the quantitation of two frequently administered drugs: CAR and ELT in nano dimension levels.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Versatile spectroscopic techniques were used for characterization. Spectrofluorimetric quenching approach is applied for this study. The interference likely to be introduced from other drugs was studied. The analytical greenness for sample preparation (AGREE prep) and complex green analytical procedure index (complex GAPI) metric tools were applied to evaluate the developed approach environmental impact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both CAR and ELT exhibited static quenching to the sulfur and nitrogen date kernels carbon dots (S, NDKCDs) with high quantum yield of 53% with λex of 330 nm and λem at 410 nm over the ranges of 50.0-600.0 ng/mL and 100.0-1000.0 ng/mL, independently with high %Recovery from 98.5 to 102, low relative standard deviation (RSD) < 2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed method was validated in adherence to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The synthesized carbon nanodots were exploited for the quantitation of each of CAR and ELT in their pure forms, pharmaceutical preparations, and human plasma samples with outstanding greenness metrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics Analysis of Urine and 16S rRNA Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Rats With Blood Stasis Syndrome After Intervention With Danggui-Guizhi Decoction and Dispensing Granules.","authors":"Jiwei Yu, Qianyi Wang, Yunyuan Nong, Linlin Feng, Shulin Huang, Zhiheng Su","doi":"10.1002/pca.3518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is one of the common syndromes in traditional Chinese medicine. The Chinese medicine compound composed of \"Danggui-Guizhi (DG-GZ)\"as the core has the effect of reducing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation. However, the difference of efficacy of DG-GZ traditional decoction and dispensing granules in reducing blood stasis are still unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Investigation of the difference of decoction and dispensing granules of Danggui (DG) and Guizhi (GZ) in blood stasis syndrome (BSS) in an animal study (Six groups, n = 6).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>All rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, Danggui-Guizhi dispensed granules ( DGK-GZK), Danggui-Guizhi decoction (DG-GZ), Danggui granules-Guizhi decoction (DGK-GZ), and Danggui decoction -Guizhi granules (DG-GZK) groups (n = 6). The blood stasis model was constructed by exposing rats to ice-cold water. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) was used to compare the effects of DG-GZ (4:3 w/w) decoction and dispensing granules in improving BSS. Metabolomics analysis of urine and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to investigate metabolic analysis and gut microbiota changes in rats with BSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of WBV showed that DG-GZ and its granules exhibited efficacy against blood stasis, and the effect of DGK-GZK in relieving blood stasis was greater than that of other administration groups. Urine metabolomics demonstrated that DGK-GZK could reverse the abnormal levels of butyrate, citrate, taurine, creatinine, glucose, and other metabolites in BSS rats. DGK-GZK could promote the enrichment of the g__Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, g__Ligilactobacillus, and g__Roseburia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of DGK-GZK intervention in BSS was stronger than that of other compound groups. This study also provides basic experimental data for exploring the difference in efficacy between traditional decoction and dispensing granules.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Quality Evaluation and Botanical Differentiation of Typhae Pollen Using UHPLC-DAD/Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Chemometric Analysis.","authors":"Fang Tian, Ying Zhang, Lixia Chen, Jieyi Wu, Hui Cao, Menghua Wu, Zhiguo Ma","doi":"10.1002/pca.3519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In China, Typhae Pollen (TP) has been extensively utilized as a medicinal product, which is the dried pollen from the male inflorescences of Typha angustifolia L. (TA), Typha orientalis Presl (TO), or species within the same genus. However, existing methods for differentiating the botanical origin and controlling the quality of TP are confusing, unreliable, and unsystematic.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the microstructural similarities and differences between pollen grains of the two species and to develop a comprehensive method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple flavonoids and phenolic acids in TP.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine the dried pollen grains. A comprehensive analytical approach was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze 17 flavonoids and phenolic acids. Discrepancies in constituents were further explored using partial least squares discrimination analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic examination revealed distinct differences between the pollen grains of the two species, which could be distinguished using SEM. The analytical methods established for these 17 constituents-comprising 13 flavonoids and 4 phenolic acids-proved reliable and accurate. The flavonoid glycosides in TP could be categorized into three distinct groups. In TA, the average contents of constituents 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 were higher than in TO, whereas the reverse was true for constituents 7, 14, 16, and 17. Constituents 9, 10, and 13 were unique to TO. And constituent 14 should be chosen as a more appropriate quality indicator for TO. Chemometric techniques effectively differentiated between TA and TO.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to enhancing quality control and facilitating botanical origin identification of TP and provides an experimental foundation for improving its standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}