Phytochemical Analysis最新文献

{"title":"New Diterpenoids With Anti-Inflammatory Activity From Callicarpa rubella Collected in Vietnam.","authors":"Muhammad Ali, Shu-Rong Chen, Tsong-Long Hwang, Tsai-Hui Duh, Limbadri Salendra, Shah Iram Niaz, Pei-Wen Cheng, Yuan-Bin Cheng","doi":"10.1002/pca.3534","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Callicarpa rubella is a notable folk medicinal plant of the genus Callicarpa. It is extensively ethnobotanically used for its traditional uses to cure rheumatism, inflammation, and pain in traditional Chinese medicinal systems.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to isolate unreported diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The planar structures of unreported compounds were characterized by interpreting 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HREIMS data. The absolute configurations were determined by comparing the experimental ECD spectra with calculated ECD ones. The potential anti-inflammatory activities of all isolated compounds were assessed by testing their in vitro inhibitory effects against superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Investigation of chemical constituents from the leaves and twigs of C. rubella leads to the isolation of four unreported diterpenoids (1-4) along with 17 known diterpenoids (5-21). The results showed compounds 1, 3, 5-7, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 20 have potent inhibition against FMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation with IC₅₀ values range from 1.37 ± 0.09 μM to 6.29 ± 1.14 μM, while compounds 3, 6, 7, 9, 12, 16, 18, and 20 showed potent inhibition of elastase release with IC₅₀ ranging from 1.47 ± 0.15 μM to 5.79 ± 1.16 μM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results obtained from the current study will enhance our understanding of diterpenoids from the Callicarpa genus and support the identification of unreported diterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1605-1613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12212022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Analytical Methods for Aconitine Alkaloid in Natural Products: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Latif Ahmad, Minxia Fan, Juhar Zemede, Andrew J Semotiuk, Guilin Chen, Guangwan Hu","doi":"10.1002/pca.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aconitine, the main toxic and active compound in Aconitum species, is a key component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), valued for its anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, and analgesic properties. However, its potent neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, potentially leading to fatal outcomes, necessitate careful evaluation and management.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Accurately identifying aconitine in natural products is one of the hot issues of international concern regarding the safety of TCM. This review systematically evaluates the current scientific literature to assess advancements in analytical methodologies for identifying and quantifying aconitine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review systematically evaluates literature from 2000 to 2025 regarding analytical methods for aconitine determination, utilizing databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2237 identified articles, 90 were evaluated. This review highlights the advantages of LC-MS, DESI-MSI, and ambient MS techniques for identifying and quantifying aconitine, emphasizing their rapid analysis, minimal sample preparation, and cost-effectiveness. These advanced methods offer significant potential for reliable applications in various fields. DESI-MSI and DART-MS enable solvent-free, rapid analysis in native conditions, whereas oEESI-MS offers high throughput, precise quantification, and reduced solvent/sample use. The modified methods, H-oEESI-MS, allow direct analysis of Aconitum herbal materials without pretreatment, demonstrating high efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review identifies research gaps and future directions using advanced analytical methods for aconitine determination, aiming to enhance quality control, regulatory compliance, and product safety. The integration of artificial intelligence into aconitine detection and analysis in TCM presents transformative potential, promising enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and safety while stimulating innovation and guiding future research directions in analytical science.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fates of Diterpene Lactones in Storage Andrographis paniculata Extracts.","authors":"Thiwa Rattanaya, Chusanajit Chuangrattanawan, Krongkarn Chootip, Dumrongsak Pekthong, Anuchit Plubrukarn","doi":"10.1002/pca.3514","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diterpene lactones in Andrographis paniculata are essential bioactive compounds that contribute to the herb's medicinal properties. The main diterpene lactones in A. paniculata are andrographolide and its derivatives. Spontaneous degradation of the diterpene leads to a short-term stability and casts a significant problem in storage and distribution of A. paniculata raw materials and products.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the stability of diterpene lactones in A. paniculata extracts and their transformation dynamics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A ¹H NMR-based metabolomics workflow and HPLC-based quantitative determination were used to map the stability profiles in A. paniculata extract stored in the standard storage conditions over a 6-month period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Qualitatively, NMR-based PCA detected both descending and ascending dynamics in transformation of diterpene lactones in A. paniculata extracts over a 6-month storage period. The contents of five lactone markers, compounds 1-5, in storage A. paniculata extracts were monitored to show that compounds 1 and 5 degraded with decelatory rates and presumably transformed via dehydration into compound 3, which otherwise increased also in a coherently decelatory manner. Lacking of the labile allylic hydroxyl group, compounds 2 and 4 were more stable and remained unchanged throughout the storage period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The short-term stability of A. paniculata extracts and related products was primarily attributed to the dehydration of 1 and it allylic hydroxy analogs, for example, 5, into a diene as in 3. Compound 3 is hence recommended as a plausible candidate as the stability and age marker of A. paniculata raw materials and products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1367-1376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study Between Raw and Different Processed Stellera chamaejasme L. Based on Electronic Eye, Electronic Nose, HPLC, and Chemometrics.","authors":"Wenqi Hu, Xiaoran Zhao, Liying Liu, Gege Li, Rui Huang, Yanan Liu, Xiaoliang Ren","doi":"10.1002/pca.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Langdu (SSC) is the dried root of Stellera chamaejasme L. Due to its toxicity, the milk-processed (NSC), Terminalia chebula decoction-processed (HSC), wine-processed (JSC), and vinegar-processed (CSC) products are predominantly employed in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To illuminate the difference in color, volatile, and non-volatile compounds among the processed products of SC.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>SC was processed into five products. Color characteristics, volatile, and non-volatile compounds were systematically analyzed using electronic eye, electronic nose, and HPLC analyses. Multivariate statistical analyses comprising principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), discriminant factor analysis (DFA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and correlation analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following processing, significant differences in color, volatile, and non-volatile components were observed. The established chemometric models demonstrated rapid discriminative capability to the five products, with seven volatile components and 16 non-volatile components identified as potential chemical markers. Quantitative analysis revealed increased levels of daphnetin and scopoletin and decreased levels of bergenin and chamaechromone after processing. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the lightness (L*) value in the CIELAB color space and scopoletin (p < 0.001) or 7-hydroxycoumarin (p < 0.001), while the b* (yellow-blue) axis showed significant positive correlations with daphnetin (p < 0.001) and isopimpinellin (p < 0.05) contents. Additionally, a* (red-green) axis showed significant negative correlations with daphnetin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and daphnoretin levels (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The established models efficiently, accurately, and reliably discriminated the different processed products of SC through multidimensional characterization. These potential chemical markers and correlation patterns provide the scientific foundation for toxicity reduction assessment and processing standardization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144529277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Methodologies for the Quality Control of Herbal Supplements and Regulatory Considerations.","authors":"Michael P Lindenmaier, Matthew W Bernart, Josef A Brinckmann","doi":"10.1002/pca.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herbal supplements and OTC herbal drugs enjoy wide popularity with consumers but their quality has been questioned by genomic methods of testing. Due to complex regulatory environments in Europe and North America, the quality assurance of herbal preparations depends on protocols, which can significantly differ between the respective national and supranational drug control agencies. Modern methods of analysis combine genetic testing (DNA barcoding) with advanced chromatographic techniques as well as traditional microscopic and macroscopic tests to detect adulterants and undesirable constituents of herbs, including alkylphenols, aristolochic acids, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review will give an account of current trends in herbal drug analysis and explain the shortcomings of existing methodologies. The article will also discuss regulatory protocols, compendial methods and differentiate between dietary supplement testing regimens and the requirements for approved herbal drugs. The purpose of this review is to document current trends in genetic testing and reveal future developments in drug analysis to reduce the possibility of adulterations and assure the authenticity of herbal products.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chemometric methods and orthogonal approaches aid in the deconvolution of chromatographic and spectral data while expanding databases for nucleotide sequences and mineable spectra support method development in herbal analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genetic testing of herbal products has further increased the capabilities to detect minute adulterations, but such assays are only meaningful in combination with chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. Despite the advancement of genomic testing, chemometrics, UHPLC and mass spectrometry, cost-effective quality control techniques such as HPTLC in conjunction with microscopic and macroscopic examination remain important particularly in regulated environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144485548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence Visual Identification of Four Main Varieties of Tibetan Medicinal Berberis cortex Based on Site-Specific PCR Technology.","authors":"Yan Chen, Hongying Li, TingTing Zhao, Jiaqi Cui, Wenjun Song, Huilin Li, Gang Fan, Rong Chen","doi":"10.1002/pca.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Berberis cortex is a typical multi-origin species in Tibetan medicine, with varying medicinal effects among different species. Establishing a rapid and accurate identification method for the major species of Tibetan medicinal B. cortex, including Berberis vernae Schneid. (SY), Berberis diaphana Maxim. (XH), Berberis kansuensis Schneid. (GS), and Berberis dictyophylla Franch. (CHZ), is conducive to the quality control of B. cortex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Site-specific PCR visualization using SYBR Green I was developed based on rbcL SNP sites for SY, GS, and CHZ. For XH, which cannot be differentiated through rbcL and other barcoding SNP sites, RAPD-PCR methodology was employed to screen for species-specific sequences. A site-specific amplification visualization system was subsequently developed based on the identified sequence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed site-specific PCR visualization systems demonstrated excellent sensitivity, with all systems capable of detecting genomic DNA at concentrations as low as 100 fg. These systems were employed to analyze 16 batches of actual B. cortex samples. The analysis revealed that four samples were identified as SY, six samples as GS, two samples as CHZ, and three samples as XH. All results were concordant with sequencing data. One remaining negative sample was confirmed through sequencing as adulterated with Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex. Further authentication of 10 batches of Tibetan patent medicines containing B. cortex revealed that 2 batches contained both SY and GS, one batch contained both SY and CHZ, three batches contained exclusively GS, and three batches contained XH.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A site-specific PCR fluorescence visual identification system has been developed for the authentication of four major B. cortex species, enabling accurate identification of botanical origins in both B. cortex crude materials and Berberis-containing Tibetan patent medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Wild and In Vitro Cultivated Cecropia angustifolia Roots Fraction Reveals Conservation of Pentacyclic Triterpene Acid Biosynthesis.","authors":"Luis M Díaz-Sánchez, Martha L Chacón-Patiño, Cristian Blanco-Tirado, Marianny Y Combariza, Guillermo Montoya","doi":"10.1002/pca.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cecropia angustifolia roots are a traditional source of pentacyclic triterpene acids (PTAs), bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic potential. In vitro cultivation offers a sustainable alternative to metabolite production while minimizing the impact on wild populations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the metabolic profiles of wild and in vitro cultivated C. angustifolia roots using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Root fractions from wild and in vitro cultivated materials were analyzed using negative-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-FT-ICR-MS) at 21 Tesla.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Molecular analysis revealed diverse PTA species in both wild and in vitro root fractions. While in vitro cultivation produced a more streamlined metabolic profile, PTA content remained significantly enriched.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In vitro cultivation of C. angustifolia roots represents a viable strategy for sustainably producing pharmacologically relevant PTAs, supporting both conservation and the biotechnological use of natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Identification of Gentiana rigescens Franch. Using Proofman Probe Ladder-Shape Melting Temperature Isothermal Amplification (Proofman-LMTIA) Technology.","authors":"Xiaodong Zhang, Zongding Li, Gaofeng Liu, Xinhui Liu, Chunmei Song, Fugang Xiao, Deguo Wang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gentiana rigescens Franch. (Jianlongdan) and other Gentiana species (Longdan), including G. manshurica, G. scabra, and G. triflora, are valuable medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, their similar appearances and potential for market misidentification necessitate a rapid and accurate identification method.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a rapid identification method using Proofman-LMTIA technology to accurately identify Jianlongdan and prevent misidentification in the market.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Specific primers and Proofman probes were designed based on the differential region of Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence between Jianlongdan and Longdan. The method's specificity, sensitivity, detection limit, and stability were evaluated, and its applicability to commercial gentian products was tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed Proofman-LMTIA method demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity for Jianlongdan at an optimal reaction temperature of 56°C, with a detection limit of 10 pg/μL and the ability to identify 0.1% Jianlongdan in mixtures. The method showed good stability and was successfully applied to market samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Proofman ladder-shape melting temperature isothermal amplification (Proofman-LMTIA) method offers a rapid, specific, and cost-effective tool for the authentication of Jianlongdan, crucial for ensuring the quality of herbal medicine and protecting consumers from misidentification and potential adulteration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated Strategy for Comprehensive Characterization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Formulas: A Case Study of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction.","authors":"Zhitian Peng, Chongsheng Peng, Ying Peng, Xiaobo Li","doi":"10.1002/pca.3547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.3547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>An integrated strategy was utilized in this study to comprehensively characterize the chemical composition of Gegen-Qinlian Decoction (GQD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The major components of GQD (total flavonoids, total saponins, total alkaloids, carbohydrates, and proteins) were determined firstly using colorimetric methods, while free amino acids and trace elements were analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. After that, the small-molecule components of GQD were characterized using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Furthermore, a quantitative method was established for 26 representative compounds determination simultaneously using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accurate content and proportion of the major constituents in GQD were determined for the first time. A total of 230 compounds were characterized from GQD, of which four undescribed alkaloids were identified initially by their tandem mass data analyses based on mass spectral fragmentation pathways of isoquinoline alkaloids. A quantitative method was established to determine 26 representative compounds, and validated through linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. The total content of the 26 compounds accounted for 27.81%, of which baicalin being the most abundant was up to 107.26 ± 1 mg/g.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study achieved a comprehensive characterization of constituents in GQD, laying the foundation for elucidating the active components, mechanism, and the quality control of GQD, offering a valuable analytical framework for research on other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Impact of Extraction Processes on the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine Granules.","authors":"Cong Zhang, Chungang Zhang, Meng Liu, Ti Wang","doi":"10.1002/pca.3484","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pca.3484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to summarize and elucidate the extraction processes of traditional Chinese medicine granules, examining their connection to quality control, with the aim of establishing a foundation for superior extraction methodologies.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This article systematically collects and analyzes relevant literature from the past two decades through databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI, focusing on the extraction processes of traditional Chinese medicine granules and the factors affecting extraction efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This article provides a comprehensive account of the extraction and granulation processes of traditional Chinese medicine granules. Beginning with the physicochemical properties and chemical components of herbal slices, it explores ways to improve extraction efficiency while also examining the relationship between component structure and biological activity. Rooted in the fundamental theories of traditional Chinese medicine and harmonized with contemporary extraction technologies, it follows the principle that \"quality originates from design,\" ensuring stringent control over the extraction process.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article analyzes extraction technologies, factors influencing extraction efficiency, and quality control measures, establishing a theoretical basis for achieving high-quality and high-yield extraction processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"903-911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}