{"title":"Optimization of Lavender Essential Oil and Phenolic Yield: Advances in Extraction, Metabolomics, and Functional Benefits.","authors":"Shaza H Aly, Haroon Khan, Mohamed A Farag","doi":"10.1002/pca.70023","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its unique aroma, owing to oxygenated monoterpenoids such as linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, and terpinene-4-ol, which contribute to the quality of lavender essential oil (LEO). It is rich in flavonoids and phenolics like rosmarinic acid. LEO and phenolic yields depend on agronomic attributes, processing techniques, and extraction methods.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the newly developed technologies and their optimization parameters to maximize oil yield, aroma quality, and phenolic content.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Related sufficient evidence has been collected from prominent scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Data concerning the phytochemistry, biological impacts, agricultural aspects, and processing approaches of Lavender were collected and assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diverse aspects of LEO production, including agricultural factors, climatic conditions, and processing techniques, are reviewed to identify the optimal parameters. Furthermore, technologies including GC/MS, HPLC/MS, and IR highlight the relevance of metabolomics in lavender quality control and analysis. In addition, lavender's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and enzyme-inhibiting properties are highlighted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Metabolomic analyses offer comprehensive insights into the biochemical composition of lavender, allowing researchers to identify metabolites linked to favorable agricultural traits, disease resistance, optimized oil extraction, superior quality attributes, and potential nutraceutical value; these data-driven findings guide targeted breeding, cultivation strategies, and product development. Lavender (L. angustifolia) is widely recognized for its aroma and health-promoting compounds, including monoterpenoids and phenolics like rosmarinic acid. Essential oil yield and quality depend on cultivation methods and extraction techniques. This review evaluates recent technological advances to optimize oil production, aroma, and phenolic content, using metabolomics techniques to comprehensively analyze lavender constituents. This comprehensive profiling reveals lavender's defensive mechanisms by linking its constituents to considerable health benefits. The findings help improve lavender quality and use in health and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":20095,"journal":{"name":"Phytochemical Analysis","volume":" ","pages":"1936-1958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Phytochemical Analysis","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.70023","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/8/25 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries for its unique aroma, owing to oxygenated monoterpenoids such as linalool, linalyl acetate, lavandulyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, and terpinene-4-ol, which contribute to the quality of lavender essential oil (LEO). It is rich in flavonoids and phenolics like rosmarinic acid. LEO and phenolic yields depend on agronomic attributes, processing techniques, and extraction methods.
Objectives: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the newly developed technologies and their optimization parameters to maximize oil yield, aroma quality, and phenolic content.
Methods: Related sufficient evidence has been collected from prominent scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Data concerning the phytochemistry, biological impacts, agricultural aspects, and processing approaches of Lavender were collected and assessed.
Results: The diverse aspects of LEO production, including agricultural factors, climatic conditions, and processing techniques, are reviewed to identify the optimal parameters. Furthermore, technologies including GC/MS, HPLC/MS, and IR highlight the relevance of metabolomics in lavender quality control and analysis. In addition, lavender's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and enzyme-inhibiting properties are highlighted.
Conclusions: Metabolomic analyses offer comprehensive insights into the biochemical composition of lavender, allowing researchers to identify metabolites linked to favorable agricultural traits, disease resistance, optimized oil extraction, superior quality attributes, and potential nutraceutical value; these data-driven findings guide targeted breeding, cultivation strategies, and product development. Lavender (L. angustifolia) is widely recognized for its aroma and health-promoting compounds, including monoterpenoids and phenolics like rosmarinic acid. Essential oil yield and quality depend on cultivation methods and extraction techniques. This review evaluates recent technological advances to optimize oil production, aroma, and phenolic content, using metabolomics techniques to comprehensively analyze lavender constituents. This comprehensive profiling reveals lavender's defensive mechanisms by linking its constituents to considerable health benefits. The findings help improve lavender quality and use in health and well-being.
简介：薰衣草（Lavandula angustifolia）因其独特的香气而在食品和制药工业中受到重视，这是由于其氧化的单萜类物质，如芳樟醇、乙酸芳樟醇、乙酸薰衣草酚、1,8-桉树脑和萜烯-4-醇，有助于薰衣草精油（LEO）的质量。它富含类黄酮和迷迭香酸等酚类物质。低碳和酚的产量取决于农艺属性、加工技术和提取方法。目的：综述了近年来国内外在油脂产量、香气品质和酚类物质含量方面的研究进展及其优化参数。方法：从PubMed、Web of Science、ScienceDirect、b谷歌Scholar等知名科学数据库中收集相关充分证据。收集和评价了薰衣草的植物化学、生物学影响、农业方面和加工方法等方面的数据。结果：从农业因素、气候条件和加工技术等多个方面综述了LEO生产的最佳参数。此外，GC/MS、HPLC/MS和IR等技术强调了代谢组学在薰衣草质量控制和分析中的重要性。此外，薰衣草的抗炎、抗氧化和抑制酶的特性也得到了强调。结论：代谢组学分析为薰衣草的生化组成提供了全面的见解，使研究人员能够识别与有利的农业性状、抗病能力、优化的油脂提取、优越的品质属性和潜在的营养价值相关的代谢物；这些数据驱动的发现指导了有针对性的育种、培育策略和产品开发。薰衣草（L. angustifolia）因其香气和促进健康的化合物而被广泛认可，包括单萜类化合物和迷迭香酸等酚类物质。精油的产量和质量取决于栽培方法和提取技术。本文综述了利用代谢组学技术对薰衣草成分进行综合分析的最新技术进展，以优化精油产量、香气和酚类含量。这一综合分析揭示了薰衣草的防御机制，将其成分与相当大的健康益处联系起来。这些发现有助于提高薰衣草的质量，并在健康和福祉中使用。
期刊介绍：
Phytochemical Analysis is devoted to the publication of original articles concerning the development, improvement, validation and/or extension of application of analytical methodology in the plant sciences. The spectrum of coverage is broad, encompassing methods and techniques relevant to the detection (including bio-screening), extraction, separation, purification, identification and quantification of compounds in plant biochemistry, plant cellular and molecular biology, plant biotechnology, the food sciences, agriculture and horticulture. The Journal publishes papers describing significant novelty in the analysis of whole plants (including algae), plant cells, tissues and organs, plant-derived extracts and plant products (including those which have been partially or completely refined for use in the food, agrochemical, pharmaceutical and related industries). All forms of physical, chemical, biochemical, spectroscopic, radiometric, electrometric, chromatographic, metabolomic and chemometric investigations of plant products (monomeric species as well as polymeric molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates) are included within the remit of the Journal. Papers dealing with novel methods relating to areas such as data handling/ data mining in plant sciences will also be welcomed.
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