Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The effect of in-bed cycling combined with high flow nasal cannula treatment on arterial oxygen and respiratory dynamics in patients with severe respiratory failure: A retrospective study.","authors":"Xiaoyan Wang, Jiapo Zhang, Yang Jiang, Jie Liu, Deyuan Huo","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.9471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effects of in-bed cycling (IBC) combined with high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on arterial oxygen and respiratory dynamics in patients with severe respiratory failure (RF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively collected clinical data of 103 patients with severe RF, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from March 2021 to March 2023. Among them, 50 patients had HFNC alone (control group), and 53 patients did IBC in addition to HFNC (observation group). We compared arterial oxygen index, lung function, respiratory dynamics, and clinical efficacy between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the basic data between the two groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). After the treatment, the improvement of the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂), PaO₂/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂), and oxygen delivery (DO₂) in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (<i>P</i><0.05). After the treatment, the improvement of lung function in the observation group was better than that in the control group (<i>P</i><0.05). After the treatment, the end expiratory pulmonary pressure (P_tp-ee) and driving pressure (△P_tp) levels in the observation group were significantly higher, and the duration of ICU hospitalization and the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness(ICU-AW) were significantly lower than those in the control group (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IBC combined with HFNC can significantly improve arterial oxygen levels, lung function, and respiratory dynamics in patients with severe RF. IBC in combination with HFNC is associated with shorter stay time in the ICU, reduced of ICU-acquired weakness, and better physical recovery of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What do medical faculty students think about telehealth?","authors":"Memet Taşkın Egici, Seda Ozmen Sever, Guven Bektemur, Güzin Zeren Ozturk, Hasan Bagcı, Mulazim Hussain Bukhari","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.9055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to evaluate medical school students' knowledge and approaches regarding telehealth.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this descriptive study, an electronic survey was conducted among students attending the Faculties of Medicine at Health Sciences University. The first part of the Form included questions evaluating individual characteristics and telehealth approaches, and the second part included opinions and suggestions regarding telehealth usage topics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 698 participants, 435 (64.9%) students were in the preclinical period. One hundred nine (15.6%) believed they had sufficient knowledge about telehealth while 399 (57.2%) believed that telehealth should be included in medical education. When asked about their opinions on using telehealth in their professional careers, 298 (42.7%) stated that they considered using them. Those who perceived themselves as having sufficient knowledge about telehealth were more inclined to consider using it more in their professional careers (p=0.000). Participants who believed that healthcare services could be provided through telehealth were more likely to think that disease monitoring would be better, patient follow-up quality would improve, unnecessary hospital admissions would decrease (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of medical faculty students lack sufficient knowledge about telemedicine and believe that education on this topic should be included in the medical curriculum. It is suggested that incorporating pre-clinical courses on telemedicine and providing internship opportunities in practical settings would effectively address this gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system on patients with acute respiratory failure in Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Mimi Pan, Lizhong Zhang","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.9506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening condition that necessitates intensive care and often results in high morbidity and mortality. Predictive nursing, combined with a risk early warning system, offers a proactive approach to patient care that could potentially improve outcomes in patients with ARF. However, the efficiency of this approach in intensive care settings is still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system in patients with acute respiratory failure in intensive care unit (ICU) setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study included records of 368 patients admitted to ICU of a tertiary care hospital due to ARF from January 2021 to January 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the received care: standard care (control group, n=197) and predictive nursing care based on a risk early warning system (observation group, n=171). Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, complications, Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and duration of hospitalization were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observation group exhibited significantly lower incidence of complications related to ventilator use and shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and total hospitalization compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, patients in the observation group had significantly lower APACHE-II and SOFA scores and blood lactate levels at both one week and two weeks post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Predictive nursing care based on a risk early warning system significantly improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality rates in ICU patients with ARF. The results underscore the potential of integrating predictive nursing care into routine practice, thereby transforming the care paradigm for ICU patients with ARF. Future research should explore the applicability of predictive nursing for other clinical conditions and in various healthcare settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking has detrimental effects on voice related Quality of Life of University Teachers.","authors":"Maham Mehmood, Nazia Mumtaz, Ghulam Saqulain","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.8631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare voice related quality of life of smoker and non-smoker university teachers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This Cross-Sectional descriptive study was conducted at Riphah International University over a period of six months January to June, 2022. A sample of N=352 University teachers of both genders, aged 25 to 65 years, who were faculty members and working at least 8 hours per day in teaching positions with at least one-year experience were included in the study. Demographic sheet, Voice Related Quality of Life (VRQOL) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) were used for data collection and analysis conducted on SPSS Version 21. Mean scores of VRQOL and VHI for smokers and non-smokers were compared using Mann Whitney U Test. & Spearman's correlation was utilized to determine any association between the tool scores. P<0.01 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results reveal that the mean score of Voice related quality of life scale was significantly (p=0.000) higher in smokers compared to non-smokers indicating worse voice quality in smokers. Similarly, voice handicap index scores were much higher in smokers (p=0.000) indicating more handicap in the smokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that smoking has a detrimental effect on voice and voice related quality of life of university teachers and voice related quality of life as determined by VRQOL scale is significantly better in non-smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vitamin-D on Glycemic Parameters and Adiponectin in gestational diabetes.","authors":"Amna Nadeem, Ayesha Sadiqa, Muniza Saeed","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.9308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of Vitamin-D-supplementation on glycemic parameters: glucose levels in blood, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin in women with gestational diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental study was executed at PGMI/LGH of Lahore from June 2020 to June 2021, with 34 Vitamin-D-deficient women who had gestational diabetes (20-26 weeks). All were aged between 21-32 years, randomly and equally divided into controls and cases. Cases received 200,000 IU Vitamin-D-dose. Fasting blood was collected before as well as after treatment from each participant. Spectrophotometry and peroxidase method were used to estimate HbA1c and glucose concentrations respectively. Insulin, adiponectin, and Vitamin-D were assessed by ELISA. To verify data normality, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied and to prove group comparison Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Sample-t tests were used via IBM-SPSS version-21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No difference in blood glucose was found between controls and cases before treatment (p=0.858), while post-treatment, significant reduction found in cases (p=0.019). Before treatment, no difference was noticed in insulin levels of both groups (p=0.44), however, post-treatment, a significant decline was expressed in cases (p=0.001). No difference was found in HOMA-IR between controls and cases before treatment (p=0.14) but post-treatment, significant reduction was observed in cases (p=0.001). Non-significant difference was noted in HbA1c before (p=0.664) and after (p=0.169) treatment in both groups. Non-significant upsurge in adiponectin was observed in cases before (p=0.544) and after (p=0.194) treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin-D supplementation significantly improves glycemic control in gestational diabetic women, however, its effect on adiponectin was non-significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on alma mater: Origin and evolution of Ruhr University Bochum.","authors":"H R Ahmad, Marianne Schläfke","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.10111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.10111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of recombinant human Rh-endostatinstatin combined with concurrent radiotherapy for cervical cancer.","authors":"Xin Zhang, Qian Li, Kuan Liu, Hong-Yun Shi","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.8770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Retrospective study and analysis of the safety and efficacy of Rh-Rh-endostatinstatin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was used to enroll cervical cancer patients who received Rh-endostatin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy (observation group) or radiotherapy alone (control group) from January 2019 to December 2022 in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, and RECIST 1.1 criteria were used to evaluate the recent efficacy, and the WHO Adverse Reaction Scale for Anti-cancer Drugs to evaluate the toxic and side effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The difference between PR, SD, PD, ORR and DCR of the two groups was not statistically significant(<i>P</i>>0.05), and the CR of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The proportion of neutropenia, hypertension, arrhythmia, hemoglobin reduction in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the proportion of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05), and there was no significant difference in other adverse reactions(<i>P</i>>0.05). After intervention, the CD3+, CD3-CD19+, CD16+CD56+, CEA, CY211 of both groups were significantly lower than before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, CD3+, CD3-CD19+, CD16+CD56+ were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group, and WBC and PLT were significantly lower than before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). The HPV conversion rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our finding revealed that Rh-endostatinstatin combined with simultaneous radiotherapy showed better clinical outcomes and favorable toxic profile than that of radiotherapy alone in the treatment of cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixture and Non-Mixture Cure Models for the survival analysis of SARS-CoV-2 patients in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.","authors":"Naseem Asghar, Umair Khalil, Iftikhar Uddin","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.8931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the potential difference in survival and risk of death between asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients, controlled by age and gender for all the attendance in hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, the medical records of 6273 SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted to almost all hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during the first wave of the coronavirus outbreak from March to June 2020 were analysed. The effects of gender, age, and being symptomatic on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 patients were assessed using cure-survival models as opposed to the conventional Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of initially symptomatic patients was 55.8%, and the overall mortality rate was 11.8%. The fitted cure-survival models suggest that age affects the probability of death (incidence) but not the short-term survival time of patients (latency); symptomatic patients have a higher risk of death than their asymptomatic counterparts, but the survival time of symptomatic patients is longer on average; gender has no significant effect on the probability of death and survival time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The available data and statistical results suggest that asymptomatic and young patients are generally less susceptible to initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 and therefore have a lower risk of death. Our regression models show that uncured asymptomatic patients generally have poorer short-term survival than their uncured symptomatic counterparts. The association between gender and survival outcome was not significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis of intraoperative neuromonitoring during thyroid reoperation.","authors":"Shengwei Ji, Mingrong Hu, Chunjie Zhang, Maowei Pei","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.8241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.8241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a serious complication during thyroid reoperation. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is one of the means to reduce RLN paralysis. However, the role of IONM during thyroidectomy is still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess whether the IONM could reduce the incidence of RLN injury during thyroid reoperation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review to identify studies in English language which were published between January 1, 2004, and March 25, 2023 from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, comparing the use of IONM and Visualization Alone (VA) during thyroid reoperation. The RLN injury rate was calculated in relation to the number of nerves at risk. All data were analyzed using Review Manger (version 5.3) software. The Cochran Q test (I² test) was used to test for heterogeneity. Odds ratios were estimated by fixed effects model or random effects model, according to the heterogeneity level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies (3655 at-risk nerves) met criteria for inclusion. Data presented as odds ratio(OR) and their 95% confidence intervals(CI). Incidence of overall, temporary, and permanent RLN injury in IONM group were, respectively, 4.67%, 4.17%, and 2.39%, whereas for the VA group, they were 8.30%, 6.27%, and 2.88%. The summary OR of overall, temporary, and permanent RLN injury compared using IONM and VA were, respectively, 0.68 (95%CI 0.4-1.14, p=0.14), 0.82 (95%CI 0.39-1.72, p=0.60), and 0.62 (95%CI 0.4-0.96, p=0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presented data showed benefits of reducing permanent RLN injury by using IONM, but without statistical significance for temporary RLN injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation process of the tested Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders into Saudi-Arabian Arabic: A mixed-methods approach.","authors":"Elham A Aljaaly, Mai A Khatib","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.8.9126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A report on the cross-cultural adaptation and validation process of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for children aged four years and over into Saudi-Arabian Arabic for use in assessing the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A mixed-methods approach was used in translating the 60-item original English version of the questionnaire. The process included four steps followed by a cognitive debriefing and was guided by the Rome Foundation. The questionnaire was tested for practicability with 10 participants of children aged four years and older. The whole study took place between October 2020 and April 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original questionnaire repeated information on areas of pain experienced by children, which did not show up in the backward, English, translation. The back-translated version occasionally provided medical expressions that were then explained between parentheses in plain English, for example, dyspepsia (burning feeling). The expert panel indicated that all questionnaire items reached the set 90% agreement level, confirming that the questionnaire is fully understandable and valid for use. Preliminary testing with 10 participants (four years and older) revealed functional constipation to have the highest prevalence among the participants (40%, n=4), followed by irritable bowel syndrome (20%) and abdominal migraine (20%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a detailed report on the translation process of the tested ROME- IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for children aged four years and over into Saudi Arabic following Rome Foundation guidelines. The results of the preliminary test should encourage researchers and clinicians in Saudi Arabia to utilize the tool for non-invasive diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11395372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}