Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of sintilimab injection plus chemotherapy in patients with stage IB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Qiang Guo, Haijun Wang, Yanzhao Xu, Mingbo Wang, Ziqiang Tian","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9830","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical efficacy of sintilimab injection and chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for stage IB-IIIB non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and evaluate its clinical safety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with stage IB-IIIB NSCLC who underwent neoadjuvant treatment before surgery at Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, between June 2021 to August 2023. Eighty patients were divided into an observation group(n = 40) and a control group(n = 40) according to their treatment regimens. The control group was administered albumin-bound paclitaxel plus cisplatin, while the observation group received sintilimab injection in addition to the exact treatment provided for the control group. The clinical efficacy, tumor marker levels, immune function, and quality of life were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, the overall response rate in the observation group was 85.00%, significantly higher than 65.00% in the control group(P< 0.05). The overall pathological response rate in the observation group was 77.5%, significantly higher than 42.5% in the control group (P< 0.05).During treatment, adverse reactions were observed in both groups. Yet, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination therapy of sintilimab injection, albumin-bound paclitaxel, and cisplatin for stage IB-IIIB NSCLC can effectively reduce tumor marker levels, improve immune function, demonstrating favorable clinical and pathological efficacy without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"724-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of an imaging diagnostic model based on computed tomograph signs for peripheral small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Jia Li, Haitao Liu, Cuihong Jiang","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11354","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To construct an imaging diagnostic model for peripheral small cell lung cancer (pSCLC) with a diameter of ≤ 3cm to improve differential diagnostic efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As a retrospective study, patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer with tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm who were treated at the Guang'anmen Hospital South Campus, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from May 2018 to May 2024 were retrospectively selected. All patients underwent computer tomography (CT) imaging. Patients with pSCLC (n=38) were identified first and then matched them to patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (pNSCLC) (n=114) during the same period in a 1:3 ratio. Predictive factors of pSCLC were identified by logistic regression analysis, and a predictive model was constructed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression analysis confirmed that male gender, smooth edges, less spiculation sign, less air bronchogram sign, and lymph node enlargement are independent predictive factors for pSCLC. A predictive model that combines the above five predictive factors has high diagnostic efficacy for pSCLC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis results showed the area under the curve AUC of 0.842 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.759~0.925), with a sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 78.1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Male sex, smooth edges, less spiculation and air bronchogram signs, and lymph node enlargement identified by the CT scan were shown as independent predictive factors for pSCLC. Combining the above features has a high diagnostic efficacy for pSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"747-752"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Digital Treadmill on Lower Limb Motor Function in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Yuqing Huang, Ning Wang, Xincai Yang, Yun Deng, Shuai Yan","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9572","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To observe the effect of digital treadmill on lower limb motor function in patients with ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a clinical comparative study. A total of 60 patients with ischemic stroke at Hebei University Hospital were selected from October 2020 to September 2022 and randomly divided observation group and control group. The control group was given conventional rehabilitation therapy, with the observation group receiving digital treadmill training. Both groups were assessed using the Holden Functional Ambulation Category Scale(FAC), digital treadmill gait analysis system, and dynamic balance instrument and after four weeks, followed by a statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>After four weeks of treatment, both groups showed an improved in FAC grading, gait spatiotemporal parameters (including step speed, step length, stance time and step height), gait kinematic parameters (including hip joint flexion and extension mobility, knee joint flexion and extension mobility, and active ankle dorsiflexion ability) and balance assessment parameters (including motion trajectory area and motion trajectory perimeter) compared to pre-treatment (p< 0.05). Additionally, the gait symmetry parameters, including step length deviation and step height deviation, in the observation group were significantly lower than pre-treatment (p< 0.05), while in the control group, without statistically significant differences(p>0.05). Furthermore, the inter-group comparisons showed significant improvements of all the parameters studied above in the observation group compared to the control group (p< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Digital treadmill training may effectively improve gait parameters, gait symmetry, walking and balance ability of patients with ischemic stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"880-885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between cognitive impairment and oxidative stress markers in patients with early-onset schizophrenia.","authors":"Rongli An, Xianli Zhang, Xianglei Luo, Zhongxia Zhao, Xiaohong Zhen","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9999","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and oxidative stress markers in patients with early-onset schizophrenia(EOS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. A total of 42 patients with EOS admitted to The Eighth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from December 2021 to December 2023 and 42 healthy volunteers were included in this study and classified as the observation group and the control group. Cognitive impairment and oxidative stress markers were assessed in both groups. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia(MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery(MCCB) was used to evaluate cognitive function, and the serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), catalase, homocysteine, and nitric oxide(NO) were measured. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to clarity the relationship between cognitive function and oxidative stress markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SOD and GSH-Px levels in the observation group were lower than in the control group, while homocysteine, catalase, malondialdehyde, and NO levels were higher in the observation group. Compared to the control group, patients in the observation group scored significantly lower for information processing speed, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition (<i>P</i>< 0.01, respectively). SOD and malondialdehyde levels were found to have a significant negative correlation with information processing speed, with r values of -0.342 and -0.350, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cognitive impairment in patients with EOS appears to be associated with oxidative stress. There is a significant negative correlation between the levels of SOD and malondialdehyde and information processing speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"867-871"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Drug-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in Children.","authors":"Xiaoyuan Wu, Lei Kang, Yanhong Jia, Li Jia, Fang Guo","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.10286","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.10286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the differences between clinical characteristics, therapeutic management, and prognosis of mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) and drug-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. The clinical data of SJS and TEN patients admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital from 2014-2024 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the MP group and the drug group based on laboratory findings and the ALDEN algorithm for comparative study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 42 cases were included in the study. Among them, 20 cases were in the MP group and 22 cases were in the drug group. The median age of MP group was 108.0 (54.0, 129.0) months, which was greater than drug group with 42.0 (22.5, 75.0) months, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Ten cases (50.0%) in the MP group had chest CT suggestive of consolidation of lung/pleural effusion, which was higher than the two cases (9.1%) in the drug group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Both groups were given systemic corticosteroids (Cs) treatment, and the proportion of children receiving Cs shock therapy combined with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the MP group was significantly lower than that in the drug group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). When SCORTEN score ≧3, the proportion of the MP group receiving Cs shock therapy and IVIG application increased. The median SCORTEN score in both groups was two, corresponding to a predicted mortality rate of 12.2%, whereas all children in the MP group survived and three died in the drug group, with an actual mortality rate of 13.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MP infection and drugs constitute the predominant triggers of SJS/TEN in children, with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) as the main sensitizing drugs. For those with SCORTEN≦2 points, macrolides combined with conventional dose Cs may be the first-line treatment option for them.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"687-692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital anomalies in Okara District of Pakistan: Epidemiology, spectrum and ethno-demographic inequalities.","authors":"Aqeela Nawaz, Ayesha Siddiqui, Mahnoor Mughal, Saima Naz, Muhammad Wajid, Sajid Malik","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9574","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.9574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the epidemiology, spectrum and ethno-demographic attributes of congenital anomalies (CA) in Okara district of Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, individuals affected by CA were identified through door-to-door visits, surveys of public places, and district hospitals during the period 2015 to 2022 in Okara district of Punjab, Pakistan. Descriptive statistics were employed, and CA were classified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 709 individuals/families with certain types of CA were ascertained. These anomalies were categorized into eight major and 95 minor entities. Limb defects predominated among the major groups (21%), followed by neurological disorders (16%), neuromuscular disorders (15%), sensorineural/ear defects (15%), ectodermal defects (9%), musculoskeletal defects (7%), and others (4%). Parental consanguinity was observed in 67% of the cases and 55% anomalies had familial occurrence. There were statistically significant differences among the major categories with respect to rate of parental consanguinity and familial/sporadic nature. Marked disparities were also observed in the distribution of CA with respect to ethnic groups, economic quartiles and age categories of index cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neurological and neuromuscular defects which accounted for 31% of the sample, were of severe nature and cause of disability, whereas limb defects were mainly of minor nature. There is wide variation in the prevalence of CA across the ethno-demographic variables. A multifaceted strategy that explicitly includes marginalized and minority populations in health services and addresses environmental, genetic, and maternal health factors is necessary to prevent CA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"643-651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between fatty liver disease and risk of microvascular complications in Type-2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiawei Shao, Mi Zhou, Xiaoqing Xie, Shaobo Lan","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11362","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the existing evidence on the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the probability of microvascular complications in Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases search (from inception until October 31, 2023) was done for reports with cross-sectional, cohort or case-control design that included adult participants with T2DM and a documented NAFLD status. The selected studies were required to report on at least one microvascular outcome. Studies reporting adjusted associations were included. Random-effects models were used for all analysis. The pooled effect sizes for the associations were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were analysed. T2DM patients with associated NAFLD had similar risk of neuropathy (OR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.21), compared to those without NALFD. NAFLD was associated with slightly lower risk of retinopathy (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.98; N=10, I²=82.6%) an increased incidence of nephropathy (OR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.29; N=12, I²=82.5%), compared to patients with T2DM but no NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosis of NAFLD in patients with T2DM appears to increase the incidence of nephropathy and decrease the risk of retinopathy. Future studies are needed to confirm these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"902-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different positive end-expiratory pressure levels in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.","authors":"Xin Pan, Dan Wang","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11348","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia in the Xuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January, 2023 to March, 2024. Based on the PEEP levels, patients were grouped into 0cm group (0cmH₂O), 5cm group (5cmH₂O), 8cm group (8cmH₂O), and 10cm group (10cmH₂O). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean airway pressure (P_mean), peak airway pressure (P_peak), and blood gas status levels (oxygenation index[OI], arterial partial pressure of oxygen [PaO₂], and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO₂]) of all four groups were measured at five minutes after the intubation (T1), five minutes after pneumoperitoneum (T2), and 30 minutes after pneumoperitoneum (T3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 84 patients (37 males and 47 females) were included in this study. The number of patients in the 0cm group, 5cm group, 8cm group, and 10cm group were 24, 24, 21, and 15, respectively, and there were no significant differences in the baseline data among the four groups. There were significant differences in P_mean, P_peak, and MAP between the four groups at T2 and T3. The increase in PEEP was accompanied by a gradual increase in P_mean and P_peak (<i>P</i><0.05). There were significant differences in OI, PaCO₂, and PaO₂ among the four groups at T2 and T3. With the increase in PEEP, OI and PaO₂ values continued to increase while PaCO₂ continued to decrease (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia, PEEP = 5cmH₂O can inhibit a significant decrease in MAP while ensuring the patient's blood gas and respiratory mechanics status, which can ensure hemodynamic stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"719-723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of 0.8mg/ml Losartan on Corneal Opacities.","authors":"Aisha Fawad, Waqar Muzaffar, Unnab Anjum, Mahad Naseer Amer","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11237","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.11237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Losartan, commonly used as an angiotensin receptor II inhibitor for hypertension, has recently revealed additional therapeutic properties. Studies demonstrate its potential in treating liver fibrosis, mitigating heart disease secondary to radiation, reducing skin scar formation, and even reversing renal cortical fibrosis. In a specific case, a female patient suffering from persistent bilateral nummular keratitis and corneal opacities experienced significant improvement in her left eye after using 0.8mg/ml Losartan eye drops. Untreated right eye showed no change. Based on the positive outcome, patient was offered same treatment in her right eye as well with monthly follow-ups, which she happily accepted. The stark contrast between the treated and untreated eye highlights the promising role of Losartan in treating corneal opacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"926-928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety status in outpatients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Azmat Ali Khan, Shaista Kanwal, Jamal Ahmad Khan, Azizul Hasan Aamir","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.10487","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.41.3.10487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study intended to determine the frequency of anxiety in outpatients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate its associated characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study was accomplished from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, at the Department of Endocrinology at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The study comprised of individuals with T2DM who were at least 18 years of age and of either gender and who presented to the outpatient department for various reasons. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was utilized to assess the respondents' level of anxiety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 306 patients with T2DM were enrolled, of whom, 116 (37.9%) were males and 190 (62.1%) were females. The mean age and HbA1c of the participants were 50.7 ± 11.2 years and 12.02 ± 2.03%. Majority (40.2%) of the participants had moderate anxiety while low anxiety and severe level of anxiety were reported by 30.4% and 29.4% participants, respectively. There was a statistically significant association of anxiety with gender, education, employment, family history, comorbidities, and HbA1c. Educated patients (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.01 p=0.001), and those with comorbidities (OR= 2.3, 95% CI 0.91 to 5.98, p=0.01) had higher odds for occurrence of anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost 70% of the outpatients of T2DM had moderate to severe anxiety, with most of the clinicodemographic characteristics as potential associated factors. It is crucial for informing clinical practice, enhancing patient care, and promoting better mental health outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 3","pages":"774-779"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11911732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}