{"title":"Effect of using a trephine to extract bone at the insertion point of the intramedullary nails and graft bone at the fractured ends in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures with intramedullary nail.","authors":"Zhaoning Xu, Guoping Cai, Xianwei He, Defang Li","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.10259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.10259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the effect of using a trephine to extract bone at the insertion point of the intramedullary nails (IMN) and graft bone at the fractured ends in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures with IMN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective study, patients who underwent treatment for tibial shaft fracture using IMN between January 2016 and December 2019 at Fudan University Jinshan Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were two groups. In the study group, a trephine was used to extract bone chips at the insertion point of the IMN, which were grafted at the fractured ends. The control group comprised sex- and age-matched patients with similar fracture location and classification, but without bone graft at the fractured ends. The surgery time, fracture healing time, and frequency of IMN dynamic surgery were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the Johner-Wruhs score, WHO-QOL score, and knee joint range of motion at six and 12 months after surgery were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups had 99 matched patients (69 male and 30 female). The median healing time was significantly shorter in the study group (<i>z</i>=-2.86, <i>p</i>=0.004). Five cases (5.05%) in the study group and 10 cases (10.10%) in the control group underwent IMN dynamic surgery; the between-group difference in this respect was not statistically significant (c<sup>2</sup>=1.803, <i>p</i>=0.179). There was no significant between-group difference regarding the other parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The surgical technique can promote healing of tibial shaft fractures with no adverse effect on postoperative functional recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1176-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of antibiotic combination therapy in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children.","authors":"Huan Yang, Zhengke Xiang, Peiwei Chen","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.10236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.10236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the efficacy and safety of cefotaxime combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its effect on inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is an observational study. A total of 118 children with CAP admitted to our hospital from June, 2022 to December, 2023 were randomly selected. According to the random number table method, they were divided into a control group and a combination treatment group, with 59 children in each group. The children in the control group were treated with azithromycin, and those in the combination treatment group were treated with cefotaxime combined with azithromycin. Both groups were treated for a week. The disappearance time of symptoms (fever, pulmonary rales, cough) and the improvement of inflammatory indicators (serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum interleukin-8 (IL-8)) after treatment were compared. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The disappearance time of fever, pulmonary rales, and cough in the combination treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 in the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the reduction in the combination treatment group was larger than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The total efficacy of the combination treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cefotaxime combined with azithromycin in the treatment of CAP in children can significantly improve the efficacy, quickly relieve clinical symptoms, improve the body's defense mechanism, inhibit inflammatory response, and has high safety, which is worthy of clinical promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"958-962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022586/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianyang Zhang, Cheng Ran, Jing Chen, Huimin Song, Xianbo Li
{"title":"Effect of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Combined with 3D-Printed Templates on Biopsy Efficacy in Patients with Lung Tumor.","authors":"Jianyang Zhang, Cheng Ran, Jing Chen, Huimin Song, Xianbo Li","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.9828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.9828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT imaging combined with 3D-printed templates on the biopsy results and diagnostic efficacy in patients with lung tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a comparative study. A total of 80 patients with suspected lung tumors admitted to Baoding NO.1 Central Hospital from May 2022 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects and divided into the study group and the control group per different detection methods. Patients in the control group were treated with <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT imaging-guided percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the lung, while those in the observation group underwent <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT imaging-guided percutaneous aspiration biopsy of the lung combined with 3D printed templates. Afterward, the biopsy results of the two groups and their diagnostic efficacy and complications were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed in tissue length and scanning time between the two groups (P>0.05). The operation time and number of biopsies in the observation group were less than those in the control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant difference in specificity (15.00% vs. 27.50%) and misdiagnosis rate (2.50% vs. 10.00%) between the two groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the incidence of complications in the observation group was 5.00%, lower than the control group (7.50%), with no statistically significant differences (<i>χ²</i>=0.213, P=0.644).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The observation group was found to have superior effect than control group, with fewer punctures and shorter puncture time, making it worthy of promotion in clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1047-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erol Can Kulice, Emrah Senel, Elif Akcay, Gulser Senses Dinc
{"title":"Psychiatric evaluation: an important component of multidisciplinary approach in pediatric burns.","authors":"Erol Can Kulice, Emrah Senel, Elif Akcay, Gulser Senses Dinc","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.11307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.11307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses in pediatric burn intensive care patients and to retrospectively evaluate their relationship with the severity of the burn injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty-five cases for whom psychiatric consultation was requested in the Pediatric Burn Intensive Care Unit, Ankara Child Health, Hematology, and Oncology Training and Research Hospital between January 2013 to January 2017 were included. The relationships between clinical data from burn assessments and psychiatric symptoms were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Psychiatric pathology was identified in 57 cases admitted to the burn intensive care unit. Among the cases with identified psychiatric pathology, it was found that 50.8 % (n=29) received a diagnosis of acute stress disorder, while 40.3 % were diagnosed with post- traumatic stress disorder (n=23). In the comparison of cases with and without psychiatric pathology, no significant relationship was found with the percentage of burn surface area. The frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder was 14 times higher in cases with teeth grinding (p=0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychiatric pathology can also emerge in cases with a small burn area. Therefore, the significant role of child psychiatry in the treatment of children hospitalized in burn centers should not be overlooked, and awareness of this process should be increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1164-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang Du, Dan Shen, Jing Yuan, Ruihuai Zhang, Cong Fu, Xiaoping Yin
{"title":"Suicide risk assessment and management needs of pre-examination and triage nurses in emergency departments: A qualitative study.","authors":"Chang Du, Dan Shen, Jing Yuan, Ruihuai Zhang, Cong Fu, Xiaoping Yin","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.10501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.10501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the barriers and management needs of pre-examination and triage nurses in emergency departments in assessing suicide risk of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using descriptive phenomenology, this study performed semi-structured in-depth interviews with nurses in emergency departments of two third grade Class-A hospitals in Baoding City from September 10 to October 1, 2023. The thematic analysis of phenomenological data was conducted using Colaizzi's seven steps analysis method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the interview with 14 nurses, this study identified three themes and nine sub-themes, including identifying suicide risk characteristics of patients (suicide and self-injurious behaviors, psychological and mental state, medical history and life experience), barriers in assessing suicide risk of patients (suicide stigmatization, uncertainty of responsibility, and occupational psychological stress of nurses), and suicide risk management needs (concise and effective suicide risk assessment process, knowledge and skills training on suicide prevention, and organizational support).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The suicide risk assessment of patients in emergency pre-examination and triage should be further optimized from the aspects of organizational management and clinical practice, such as improving resource allocation, establishing emergency suicide risk assessment workflow, and developing training programs to improve the overall suicide prevention literacy and management ability of pre-examination and triage nurses in emergency departments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1003-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fang Guo, Yi Qu, Lei Kang, Meixian Xu, Li Ma, Wenhui Li, Dianping You
{"title":"Establishment and analysis of the prediction model for the prognosis of children with sepsis based on pSOFA score.","authors":"Fang Guo, Yi Qu, Lei Kang, Meixian Xu, Li Ma, Wenhui Li, Dianping You","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.10001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.10001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prognostic risk factors of sepsis in children diagnosed based on the pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) scoring system, and to establish and evaluate related prediction model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. Two hundred and seventy three children with sepsis admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022 were divided into survival group and mortality group according to the prognosis. Multivariate Logisitic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of septic children, and a predictive model was established to analyze the predictive value of the model on the prognosis of septic children.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) <1143, febrile neutropenia (FN) and pSOFA score were independent risk factors for sepsis-related death in children. This equation of 5.140+2.069 × (SVRI<1143) + 1.718 × FN+0.290 × pSOFA score indicates that, the area under the ROC curve of the prediction model is greater than that of SVRI<1143, FN, and pSOFA score alone, and the sensitivity and specificity of the model were 81.5% and 84.5%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prediction model has a good clinical predictive value and has practical significance for the prognosis evaluation and treatment guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1126-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Perspective on The Göktaş Definition of Family Medicine/General Practice: A Review of Singapore Quality.","authors":"Olgun Goktas","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.11382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.11382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family medicine/general practice is a medical field that provides health services within the health systems of countries, and it is affected by the development level and quality of the countries. The Göktaş Definition of Family Medicine/General Practice, which summarizes family medicine in the history of medicine and humanity, forces new perspectives from the past to the future. Countries have focused on family medicine and have been intensive in efforts to improve their health systems for years. With its complex content, family medicine is affected by the quality of health systems on the one hand and determines the health quality of countries on the other. Therefore, the development of family medicine is more possible in a country with a human development level. This narrative review was planned to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of countries and centers that can serve as examples of family medicine in all aspects of the literature. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted in October 2024 from Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS search engines and databases. Two hundred twenty five articles and reports were examined, and 54 English articles, reports, and online and textbook sections that were appropriate to the subject's essence were taken as source references. This review investigates the current status, possibilities, limitations, and future perspectives of Singapore family medicine and health system in the context of the Göktaş definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1187-1192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of influencing factors on the rate of high-quality embryos induced by rectangular plan during in vitro fertilization.","authors":"Hongzhi Shi, Zhi-Ming Zhao, Qi Song, Jiajia Liu","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.10188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.10188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore factors influencing high-quality embryo rate in long protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) during in vitro fertilization (IVF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was a retrospective case-control study including patients receiving assisted pregnancy treatment at the Reproductive Medicine Department of the Maternal & Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao from January 2018 to October 2023. This study adopted 724 treatment cycles using COH involving intermediate-acting and long-acting protocols. According to the high-quality embryo rate on D3, the enrolled patients were divided into Group-A for control (high-quality embryo rate ≥40%, n=297) and Group-B without high-quality embryo (excellent embryo rate=0, n=427). Factors with P<0.05 in the univariate analysis were incorporated into the Logistic regression model for binary logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant differences in male age, years of infertility, body mass index (BMI), baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, AMH, total gonadotropin (Gn)dose, total days of Gn administration, sperm concentration, motility, normal morphology rate, and LH levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection between Group-A and Group-B (all p>0.05). In addition, the Logistic binary regression analysis showed that in the cycle without high-quality embryos on D3, elevated progesterone on the day of hCG injection was an independent risk factor affecting the developmental potential of late-stage embryos.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For cycles with poor embryo quality, the increase in progesterone levels in the late stage of COH has a significant negative impact on the formation of effective blastocysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"986-991"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafsa Raheel, Faisal Alazmi, Mohammed S H Aloufi, Hamad Aljubayr, Mohammed Alhaqbani, Mohammed S Alawi
{"title":"Awareness regarding risk factors of colon cancer and practices regarding screening for CRC among population of Aljouf region 2022, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Hafsa Raheel, Faisal Alazmi, Mohammed S H Aloufi, Hamad Aljubayr, Mohammed Alhaqbani, Mohammed S Alawi","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.11192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.11192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>According to the Saudi Cancer Incidence Report 2020, colon cancer ranks number one in terms of incidence in the country. To assess awareness about its prevention, we aimed to assess the level of awareness and screening practices.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in the three governorates of Aljouf region, Sakaka, Tabarjal, and Qurayyat, one mall and one souq (bazaar) were randomly selected in each of these to cover all different social groups. We surveyed 422 participants using a structured questionnaire to gather information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, general knowledge about colon cancer and its signs and symptoms, and risk factors of colon cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While 71% of participants believed that early screening lowers the risk of colon cancer, more than half of respondents (52.8%) demonstrated inadequate knowledge about the signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The knowledge regarding colorectal cancer needs to be raised in the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1082-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongyun Chen, Norafisyah Makhdzir, Wei Chao Loh, Lining Wang
{"title":"Quality of life of family caregivers of stroke patients: A systematic review of qualitative research.","authors":"Hongyun Chen, Norafisyah Makhdzir, Wei Chao Loh, Lining Wang","doi":"10.12669/pjms.41.4.11136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.4.11136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Stroke imposes a substantial burden on individuals and families. The caregiving role for stroke survivors is often assumed by family members. This systematic review aimed to synthesize qualitative studies that explored the lived experiences of family caregivers of stroke patients, thereby determining the breadth and depth of qualitative evidence on their experiences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review included studies published between February 2009 and February 2024, following the PRISMA guidelines for Systematic Reviews. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, HINARI databases for qualitative research exploring the experiences, needs, and burdens experienced by caregivers of stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven studies were systematically reviewed, revealing three primary themes: the multifaceted burdens experienced by family caregivers of stroke patients and the positive aspects of caregiving, including identified needs and sources of support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthcare professionals should prioritize the psychological well-being and caregiving needs of stroke survivors' caregivers. Comprehensive support, including psychological counseling and professional training, should be provided to enhance their caregiving abilities. Additionally, governments and healthcare institutions should offer family-centered support to ensure the quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"1211-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}