Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of serum antioxidant markers and calcium levels in women with Arthritis.","authors":"Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Jamil, Maham Farhan, Amna Saleem Khan, Mahroo Javaid, Aqsa Iftikhar, Uzma Urooj Malik","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.14392","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.14392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are chronic, degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases, aggravated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired antioxidant defense system. However, gender based oxidative stress analysis remain under-examined, despite increasing evidence points towards sex-based biochemical changes in arthritis patients. The study aimed to measure the antioxidant activities of enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione reductase (GR) alongside reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) in female arthritis patients. Calcium balance is also estimated in order to analyze the bone demineralization.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The case-control study was designed and conducted at the Orthopedic Department of a Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau, Civil hospital, Karachi. Serum levels of GSH, GR, SOD, CAT, and calcium were evaluated in 42 arthritis patients and 16 age matched healthy female controls by using standard spectrophotometric and biochemical assays. Data was expressed as mean ± SD and analyzed statistically to compare both the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arthritis patients in comparison with healthy controls showed significant decrease in GSH (p < 0.001) and GR (p < 0.01) levels, while SOD and CAT levels were slightly reduced but non-significant. Similarly, slightly higher calcium levels were also observed, suggesting altered mineral homeostasis associated with inflammatory conditions. The simultaneous decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities suggests the impaired redox homeostasis in female patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights an altered antioxidant status and disturbed calcium homeostasis in female patients. These alterations in biochemical system suggest the therapeutic potential of antioxidant and calcium modulating interventions as effective treatment for managing and slowing disease progression in females.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"2066-2071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes burden and health expenditure in Türkiye and OECD countries: A value-based health care perspective.","authors":"Ibrahim Halil Kayral, Demet Gokmen Kavak","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.14019","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.14019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a major global cause of morbidity and mortality. In Türkiye, the diabetes burden has increased markedly, raising concerns about health system performance and expenditures. Our objective was to compare diabetes burden, health expenditures, and avoidable hospital admissions in Türkiye and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries (2010-2021), and to examine their associations within a value-based health care (VBHC) framework.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective cross-national comparative study examined Türkiye and OECD countries between 2010 to 2021. Data were obtained from IHME-GBD-2021, OECD Health Statistics, and WHO National Health Accounts. Trend analyses and regression models were used to assess associations between diabetes-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), health expenditures, and financing indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Türkiye's diabetes-related DALY levels were consistently higher than the OECD average, with the gap widening from 18% in 2010 to 34% in 2021 (p=0.008). Preventable hospital admissions were also more frequent in Türkiye (242.7 vs. 147.9 per 100,000; p=0.006). Across OECD countries, higher per capita health expenditures showed negative associations with DALY rates, whereas in Türkiye rising expenditures were observed alongside higher DALYs. Out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) correlated positively with the diabetes burden in Türkiye, while a higher public share of expenditure (GGHE-D) was associated with reduced OOPS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite rising health expenditures, proportional improvements in diabetes outcomes have not been achieved in Türkiye. Strengthening primary care, preventive strategies, outcome measurement, and financial protection may support the transition toward value-based health care and help reduce the diabetes burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"1968-1972"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of a symptomics-based transitional care program on mental health and quality of life in perimenopausal women after total hysterectomy: A retrospective study.","authors":"Junyu Ni, Bijun Mao, Chunyun Jin","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16152","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the impact of a symptomics-based transitional care program on mental health and quality of life in perimenopausal women after total hysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted using medical records from 131 perimenopausal women who underwent total hysterectomy at the Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital between April 2024 and August 2025. The participants were divided into an observation group (n=67) receiving the symptomics-based transitional care program and a control group (n=64) receiving the conventional care program, based on the postoperative nursing regimen. The two groups were compared in terms of scores on the modified Kupperman Index, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20), and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Nursing satisfaction was assessed in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At six months after intervention, the scores of the modified Kupperman Index, SAS, SDS, PSQI and PFDI-20 in the observation group were significantly lower, while the FSFI score was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the nursing satisfaction between the two groups (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The symptomics-based transitional care program is associated with improved postoperative mental health and quality of life in perimenopausal women undergoing total hysterectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"1927-1933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative research on efficacy of needle grasper and mobile retractor-assisted laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac in treatment of pediatric indirect inguinal hernia.","authors":"Hanliang Jiao, Ruohan Wang, Zheng Dong, Baorui Wang, Shipeng Zhao","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.15953","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.15953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the clinical efficacy of needle grasper and mobile retractor-assisted laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac in the treatment of pediatric indirect inguinal hernia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 531 children with unilateral primary indirect inguinal hernia at Hebei Children's Hospital who were admitted from January 2021 to December 2025. These children were divided into the grasper group(n=198) and the retractor group (n=333) according to the main instruments used for dissecting and ligating the neck of hernia sac during the surgery. Specifically, perioperative indicators, levels of inflammatory factors, complications, recurrence rate and other indicators were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The needle grasper group showed a significantly shorter operation time than the retractor group (27.74±9.60 min vs. 29.94±7.49 min, P=0.004) and the pain score at 24 h postoperatively was lower (3.26±0.67 vs. 3.99±0.80, P<0.001), along with a smaller increase in inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and CRP postoperatively (P<0.05). Additionally, no statistically significant differences were observed in intraoperative blood loss, incidence of early complications, detection rate of contralateral occult hernia and long-term recurrence rate between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both needle grasper and mobile retractor-assisted laparoscopic high ligation of the hernia sac are safe and effective in the treatment of pediatric indirect inguinal hernia. However, needle graspers are superior in shortening the operation time and mitigating postoperative pain and inflammatory response, demonstrating better minimally invasive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"1993-1998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odds for Presence of Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease ( MASLD) in Individuals with Reported Hepatic Steatosis on Ultrasound.","authors":"Pawan Kumar, Tazeen Rasheed, Faiza Sadaqat Ali, Bader Faiyaz Zuberi","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.11294","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.11294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To calculate Odds Ratio for Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatosic Liver Disease (MASLD) in individuals with hepatic steatosis on ultrasound examination.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This case-control study was conducted in Department of Medicine, Dr. Ruth KM Pfau, Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan during the period 16^th May 2024 & 31^st October 2024. Patients of either gender, between the ages of 20 -70 years undergoing ultrasound were included after taking informed consent. Patients were allocated to two groups based on presence or absence of Hepatic Steatosis on ultrasound. Patients were labelled as having metabolic syndrome as defined in the operational definition. Odds Ratio was calculated for risk of metabolic syndrome in Hepatic steatosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of ninety-two patients/subjects fulfilling criteria were included in study, these included 37 (40.2%) males and 55 (59.8%) females. Weight and BMI were significantly higher in the Steatotic Group. Significantly higher frequencies of hypertension, metabolic syndrome and overweight were found in the Steatotic Group. Odds ratio calculation showed that the risk of metabolic syndrome in patients having hepatic steatosis was 7.273 times higher than in patients who do not have hepatic steatosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Odds of developing Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in patients who have hepatic steatosis on ultrasound are very high. Steps should be taken to prevent this complication by early identification and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"2026-2031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between anesthesia method and perinatal outcomes in placental invasion anomalies.","authors":"Seyda Kayhan Omeroglu, Ugur Uzun","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16082","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effects of different anesthesia procedures and surgical approaches on maternal and neonatal outcomes in cases of abnormal placental invasion (API), and to determine the factors that predict the transition from spinal anesthesia to general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 115 patients who underwent API surgery at University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey; between 2015 to 2023. Demographic, obstetric, anesthetic, surgical, and neonatal data were analyzed. Comparisons were made based on the anesthesia type (spinal, general, and spinal-to-general conversion) and depth of invasion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Placenta percreta was detected in 67% of the cases. As the severity of invasion increased, the operative time, blood and fluid replacement, and hospital stay were significantly prolonged (p<0.05). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, blood product consumption, and intraoperative complication rates were significantly higher in patients undergoing general anesthesia (p<0.001). Spinal anesthesia was the first choice (91.3%), and 47.6% of the cases required intraoperative conversion to general anesthesia. ROC analysis revealed that colloid use, ASA score, and fibrinogen requirement were significant predictors. There were no statistically significant differences in neonatal outcomes between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In API cases, initiating neuraxial anesthesia, which allows for transition to general anesthesia when necessary, may improve maternal safety. Parameters such as colloid use and ASA score may guide early identification of high-risk cases. Prospective multicenter studies are required to establish standard management protocols for this high-risk group.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"1934-1942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operative hysteroscopy vs vacuum aspiration for treatment of retained products of conception: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ping Qiu, Sisi Huang, Li Lu, Yingying Chen, Qing Wu","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16990","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To generate comparative evidence on outcomes of hysteroscopic (HS) vs vacuum aspiration (VA) for retained products of conception (RPOC).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We included all study designs comparing HS with VA for RPOC and available on PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to 15^th January 2025. Surgical and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that procedure duration was significantly longer with HS as compared to VA. The risk of intra-operative and post-operative complications did not differ between the two groups. The risk of incomplete evacuation of RPOC was significantly lower with HS as compared to VA with no difference in the risk of uterine perforation or hemorrhage ≥500ml. There was a tendency of higher risk of conversion to another procedure with HS as compared to VA. Meta-analysis showed that conception rates and subsequent risk of miscarriage did not significantly differ between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Limited evidence suggests that HS for RPOC may result in a lower risk of incomplete evacuation but has a longer procedural duration as compared to VA. The risk of complications and pregnancy outcomes do not seem to differ between the two. However, important fertility-related outcomes, including intrauterine adhesions, live birth rates, time to conception, and placental complications, could not be adequately assessed due to limited data. The quality of evidence is low due to scarce literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"2152-2161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of heart failure in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Qifeng Dong, Xing Ye","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16392","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder experience excess cardiovascular morbidity and premature mortality; however, the specific risk of incident heart failure has not been comprehensively quantified. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of heart failure in these populations.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception through February 10, 2026, with no language restrictions, for cohort studies that reported adjusted estimates of the risk of incident heart failure in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to obtain risk ratio (RR). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven retrospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Schizophrenia was associated with a significantly increased risk of incident heart failure (RR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.35-1.67; I² = 74.9%). Bipolar disorder was associated with an even greater risk (RR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.31-2.91; I² = 80.1%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of pooled estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are independently associated with substantially elevated risks of incident heart failure. High heterogeneity in the meta-analysis warrants caution in interpreting the results.<b>Registration No:</b> PROSPERO (No. CRD420261303975).</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"2129-2137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Abscess in Young Nulliparous Women: Is Injectable Breast Augmentation the Missing History?","authors":"Mifrah Rahat Khan Sherwani, Safna Naozer Virji, Lubna Mushtaque Vohra","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16621","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.16621","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"2197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound closure after total knee arthroplasty: Comparison of polypropylene and polyglactin 910 suture-a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Mansoor Ali Khan, Nek Mohammad, Muhammad Amin Chinoy, Muhammad Danish Khan","doi":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.12048","DOIUrl":"10.12669/pjms.42.8.12048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the outcomes of wound closure using polypropylene and subcuticular polyglactin 910 sutures in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A randomized, assessor-blinded controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, from February 2022 to February 2025, during the hospital's Arthroplasty Week. All the patients who had undergone bilateral total knee arthroplasty in this timeframe and were eligible were included. Polypropylene sutures were used to close one knee in each patient and polyglactin 910 sutures were used to close the opposing knee. Correlations between independent and dependent variables were evaluated and regression analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 patients were enrolled in the study with a female predominance (67.5%). Post-operative erythema was frequent in the polypropylene group in the early post-operative days while complications were more frequently observed in the polyglactin 910 group during the later postoperative period. Female sex, diabetes mellitus, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade III were significant factors associated with wound dehiscence and surgical site infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty between polyglactin 910 and polypropylene sutures. Both sutures can be effectively used for wound closure, but in the resource-limited environment, polyglactin 910 could be a better choice as it is an absorbable material, and the sutures can be removed without it. <b><i>Trial Registration:</i></b> NCT06373900.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"42 8","pages":"1973-1979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525528/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}