Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of an In Situ Nasal Gel Formulation of Desloratadine.","authors":"Hiba Ezzat Hamed, Asia Abed Al-Mahmood","doi":"10.2174/0122117385435222260309085445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385435222260309085445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize a nasal mucoadhesive in situ gel of desloratadine using the polymer Carbopol 940. This gel formulation offers promising potential for future applications in treating nasal conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six formulations with different concentrations of Carbopol 940 and xanthan gum were prepared using the cold method. Glycerin was used as a humectant, and triethanolamine was used to adjust the pH. In this study, gelation temperature, gelation time, mucoadhesive force, and viscosity were evaluated. The gel strength, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo permeation studies were also conducted for the gel formulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum formulation, F3 (0.8% Carbopol 904), had gelation temperature 32.7± 0.22 °C, gelation time of 68 ± 1.4 seconds, mucoadhesive force 3900.45 ± 0.15 dyne/cm2, viscosity of 2882±0.3 cP, gel strength of 36 ± 0.23 seconds, 99% in vitro drug release in 6 hours and 65 % ex vivo permeation in 12 hours. Drug content was (97.66-98.99%) for all formulations. FTIR tests confirmed that there was no chemical interaction.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>It was found that an increase in carbopol concentration increased the gel viscosity. The mucoadhesive strength for formulations containing Carbopol was higher than that of other formulations containing xanthan gum. The rapid hydration and swelling behavior of carbopol result in better drug diffusion. The developed nasal in situ gels may keep the drug in the matrix network and restrict fast drug release, preserving their integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Desloratadine can be successfully formulated as an in situ nasal gel for nasal administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147723269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Plant to Nano-Clinic: Advancing Wound Healing with Nano- Encapsulated Rosa damascena Callus Extract.","authors":"Reza Ghafarzadegan, Reza Hajiaghaee, Milad Yekefallah, Reza Bafkary, Javad Malakootikhah, Shahrzad Mahdavi Aliabad, Salar Vaseghia, Nasim Zarinpanjeh","doi":"10.2174/0122117385417799251208214954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385417799251208214954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The present study is directed towards determining and describing the development of the potential clinical application of liposomal nano-encapsulated Rosa damascena callus extract, specifically as a means to convey its properties for wound healing into the cosmetic field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using established methods, the synthesis process of the nanoparticles yielded an average diameter below 100 nm. This technology was selected because it can maintain the biological activity of the extract, optimise drug delivery using a controlled release technique, and enhance the antioxidant capacity of the encapsulated product. In vivo studies on two animal models were performed to evaluate the potential and safety of the nano-structured extract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant improvement in wound healing compared to the marketed extract. Moreover, there were no cases of skin toxicity, irritation, or sensitivity in the treated material, reflecting the suitability of the formulation for topical administration.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The in vitro results of this work support that these nano-formulations based on Rosa damascena callus extracts are potential new effective agents for tissue repair, particularly regarding their properties useful for wound healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides an overview of the potential of lipid-based nano-encapsulation systems for plant extracts in the cosmetic field. The findings indicate that this technique can enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of natural compounds. Future clinical applications in skin care and cosmetic products can now be envisaged.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Anti-aging Effect via Sirtuin-1 Modulation and Enhancement of Resveratrol Pharmacokinetics in Gnetum gnemon L. Hard Shell Nanoextract.","authors":"Marlina Indriastuti, Heni Rachmawati, I Ketut Adnyana, Rika Hartati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385414050251209205041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385414050251209205041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gnetum gnemon L. (melinjo) contains resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound that activates Sirtuin-1, a key regulator of cellular aging. The plant's hard shell, often discarded as waste, contains resveratrol that is inefficiently utilized. However, its therapeutic potential is limited by poor solubility and low bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The hard shell was processed using ball-milling nanotechnology to obtain a nanoextract. Human fibroblast CRL2522 cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and treated with either the nanoextract or a conventional dry extract. SIRTUIN-1 expression was analyzed as an anti-aging marker. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in male Wistar rats administered 144 mg/kg orally, with plasma resveratrol quantified using validated HPLC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both extracts significantly increased SIRTUIN-1 expression compared with controls (p < 0.05). The nanoextract exhibited a higher peak plasma concentration (Cmax = 0.064 ± 0.025 ppm) and prolonged Tmax (240 min), indicating enhanced solubility and extended bioavailability.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The improvement in pharmacokinetic parameters and SIRTUIN-1 expression suggests that nanonization effectively enhances cellular uptake and stability of resveratrol. The smaller particle size increases surface area and dissolution rate, allowing greater intestinal absorption and sustained plasma levels. These findings align with previous reports that nanoparticle formulations can improve polyphenol bioefficacy through enhanced permeability and metabolic resistance. Importantly, this approach valorizes melinjo by-products into high-value bioactive materials, offering both scientific and economic benefits. Nonetheless, further studies on long-term safety, biodistribution, and molecular targets are necessary to confirm therapeutic relevance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ball-milling nanotechnology improved the solubility, bioavailability, and biological activity of G. gnemon hard shell, supporting its potential as a natural anti-aging agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Efficacy Through Polymer Science in PEGylated Drug Delivery.","authors":"Shraddha Vedpathak, Chitra Khanwelkar, Anuradha Chivate, Niranjan Chivate","doi":"10.2174/0122117385423537251208215854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385423537251208215854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PEGylation, the process of attaching polyethylene glycol (PEG) to therapeutic molecules, has transformed drug delivery by improving stability, solubility, and circulation time. This review explores the evolution, applications, and future directions of PEGylated drug delivery systems. We examined literature on PEG's chemical properties, synthesis methods, therapeutic applications, and FDA-approved PEGylated products. PEGylation enhances pharmacokinetics and enables both passive and active tumor targeting. PEG's unique chemical properties, including hydrophilicity, flexibility, and non-immunogenicity, make it an ideal candidate for conjugation with proteins, peptides, and small-molecule drugs. Various PEGylation strategies, including linear, branched, and sitespecific conjugation, have been developed to optimize therapeutic performance and reduce offtarget effects. The molecular weight and architecture of PEG can be precisely tuned to control drug release profiles and biodistribution. Additionally, PEG is widely used in nanoparticle surface modification, hydrogel formation, and liposomal formulations, demonstrating its adaptability across diverse drug delivery platforms. PEG prolongs drug half-life by reducing renal clearance and proteolytic degradation and facilitates passive tumor targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Active targeting has also been achieved through PEGylated carriers functionalized with ligands for specific cell-surface receptors. Over 30 PEGylated drugs have been approved to date. PEG remains a cornerstone in nanomedicine, although new challenges highlight the need for innovative alternatives and conjugation techniques. The future of PEGylated drug delivery lies in smart, stimuli-responsive systems, integration with novel therapeutics, and the exploration of PEG alternatives that retain favorable properties while minimizing adverse immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147675431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: Revolutionizing Diabetic Wound Therapy.","authors":"Mohammad Sameer Khan, Shaheen Shabbir, S M Kawish, Rao Nargis Jahan, Sradhanjali Mohapatra, Ramsha Ansari, Mohammed Aslam, Ayesha Siddiqui, Zeenat Iqbal, Mohd Aamir Mirza","doi":"10.2174/0122117385394646251111112131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385394646251111112131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wounds associated with diabetes mellitus are among the most serious complications, with the potential to progress to cell necrosis and, in severe cases, necessitate amputation. Current statistics indicate that diabetic wounds affect approximately 15% of patients with diabetes, and 20% of these cases lead to limb amputation. Conventional therapies often prove ineffective due to molecular and structural alterations in the injured tissue, highlighting the need for innovative delivery methods to enhance treatment efficacy. Recent research has focused on developing advanced materials for wound management, particularly through phyto-nanotechnology. Topical applications of nanoscaffolds and nanofibers have shown promising outcomes in promoting wound healing. Nano-sized particles facilitate smooth progression through the healing phases by enhancing cellular and molecular interactions. Among these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention for diabetic wound treatment due to their potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. AgNPs also stimulate cellular mechanisms that support the repair of chronic wounds; however, potential toxicities remain a concern. This review examines the role and mechanisms of biogenic AgNPs in diabetic wound management, with a focus on their efficacy in wound dressings. Additionally, it examines marketed AgNP formulations for wound care, highlights reported toxicity issues, and discusses clinical trials and future prospects for their application in wound healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Promising Pharmaceutical Approach for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.","authors":"Niharika Lal, Vaibhav Rastogi, Rosaline Mishra, Samreen Jahan, Hamad Ali, Snigdha Bharadwaj, Radha Goel, Ramza Rahat Hashmi","doi":"10.2174/0122117385360894251031063012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385360894251031063012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology has significantly advanced the field of drug delivery by enabling the development of systems that offer precise, controlled, and site-specific transport of therapeutic agents. Among the various nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have gained substantial attention due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and the ability to overcome key physiological barriers that limit the effectiveness of conventional drug delivery methods. PNPs can encapsulate a wide variety of therapeutic agents-including small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids-and facilitate their controlled and sustained release, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes while minimizing systemic toxicity and adverse effects. The unique physicochemical properties of polymeric nanoparticles, such as nanosize, surface charge, morphology, and surface functionalization, allow for enhanced bioavailability, cellular uptake, and targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells. These characteristics make PNPs especially suitable for treating complex diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and infections, where targeted and efficient drug delivery is essential. This review comprehensively explores the synthesis techniques of PNPs, including solvent evaporation, nanoprecipitation, emulsification, and polymerization methods, and discusses key parameters affecting nanoparticle formulation. It also highlights advanced characterization tools used to determine particle size, surface charge, morphology, stability, and drug loading efficiency. Moreover, the paper delves into the biomedical applications of polymeric nanoparticles, with particular emphasis on brain targeting, cancer therapeutics, and regenerative medicine. Strategies such as surface modification, ligand functionalization, and stimuli-responsive systems are discussed for enhancing targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Despite promising advancements, challenges related to large-scale production, regulatory compliance, long-term safety, and clinical translation remain. The review concludes by presenting future prospects and innovations in polymeric nanocarrier systems, emphasizing their potential to transform modern medicine by enabling personalized, efficient, and safer therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Biomedical Potential of Carbon Dots from Banana Peel: An Anti-inflammatory Approach.","authors":"Ni Putu Ayu Dewi Wijayanti, Sophi Damayanti, Kusnandar Anggadiredja, Heni Rachmawati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385390984251120073622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385390984251120073622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carbon-based nanomaterials, specifically carbon dots (CDs), are increasingly being explored for applications in the health sector. The goal of synthesizing CDs is to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the toxicity of raw materials. Kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) peel contains higher levels of flavonoids and phenols compared to other types of bananas. Flavonoids play a key role in inhibiting the formation of proinflammatory cytokines, making them effective as anti-inflammatory agents. This study aimed to explore the biomedical applications of banana peel-derived CDs as anti-inflammatory agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research study utilized both pyrolysis (P-CDs) and hydrothermal (H-CDs) techniques to convert banana peels into CDs. The resulting CDs were tested for anti-inflammatory effectiveness using the carrageenan-induced inflammation model in Wistar rats, with doses of 25 mg/kg body weight (BW), 50 mg/kg BW, and 100 mg/kg BW, and compared to the standard drug, ibuprofen, at a dose of 36 mg/kg BW.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Banana peel-derived CDs effectively exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in both preventive and curative modes, as measured by the volume of edema formed and the percentage of inhibition of inflammation in the paws of the rats. This activity was further supported by a decrease in IL- 6 and TNF-α levels in rat serum.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>P-CDs (25 mg/kg BW) showed enhanced preventive anti-inflammatory effects versus H-CDs and ibuprofen, attributed to their optimized surface chemistry and nanoscale properties. Future studies should implement chromatographic purification to address residual precursors detected by FTIR, ensuring clinical-grade reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Banana peel-derived CDs have the potential to serve as an active ingredient for antiinflammatory therapy; however, further studies on their pharmacokinetics are needed in relation to their safety and effectiveness as medicinal materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Nanocarriers to Overcome Bioavailability Barriers of Herbal Actives: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Gurpreet Kaur, Komal Dogra, Navaneeth S Sunil, Samridhi Kurl","doi":"10.2174/0122117385412374251111045823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385412374251111045823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-derived constituents (phytoconstituents) exhibit diverse pharmacological activities and have significant therapeutic potential for various diseases. However, their clinical application is often hindered by their poor solubility, instability, and low bioavailability (<10% in many cases). Nanotechnology-driven drug delivery systems provide innovative solutions to overcome these limitations and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of herbal compounds. However, major challenges remain, including concerns about long-term safety, potential toxicity, regulatory approval pathways, and reproducibility. Bridging the gap between preclinical promise and clinical translation remains a significant hurdle. A comprehensive review of studies (2019-2024) indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was conducted using keywords: \"Phytoconstituents\", \"Bioavailability Enhancement\", \"Herbal Nanoformulations\", \"Nanocarriers\", and \"Herbal Medicine\". Nanoformulations, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, and phytosomes, have achieved significant improvements in pharmacokinetic profiles-for instance, a 9.17-fold increase in the oral bioavailability of curcumin, a 7-fold increase for naringenin, and a ~4.5-fold increase for piperine. These systems enhance solubility, stability, and targeted delivery, resulting in better therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies. The findings highlight the potential of nanocarriers to transform the delivery of herbal actives by addressing traditional limitations. The observed multiple-fold enhancements in bioavailability affirm the promise of herbal nanoformulations. While nanotechnology significantly enhances the bioavailability and pharmacological potential of phytoconstituents, challenges persist, including clinical translation barriers, a lack of standardization due to herbal variability, scalability issues, and regulatory approval hurdles. Future research should focus on developing smart, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers, employing eco-friendly green synthesis methods, and establishing robust standardization protocols to achieve reproducible, safe, and effective herbal nanoformulations for clinical use. Future efforts must systematically address toxicity, regulatory clarity, and the standardization of large-scale manufacture to realize clinical potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Outcome of PCR Versus IGM Timing Study in the Diagnosis of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Iraq during 2021-2022.","authors":"Ihab Raqeeb Akef, Raghad I Khaleel, Haitham Noaman","doi":"10.2174/0122117385378175251129044613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385378175251129044613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic viral infection with high morbidity and mortality rates. Iraq experienced a severe CCHF epidemic outbreak in 2021- 2022. Accurate diagnosis requires precise timing for the CCHF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and the CCHF immunoglobulin M (IgM) serological test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive study of a large case series. Over two years, 380 cases were managed in infectious disease hospitals. Specific investigational data were analysed for CCHF cases positive by anti-CCHF PCR and/or IgM. These data were collected from the Central Public Health Laboratory (CPHL) in Baghdad, the only laboratory accredited for CCHF testing in Iraq. The study was conducted from March 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Blood samples were collected and transported according to safety protocols by a private vehicle with accredited personnel to the CPHL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All CCHF cases were diagnosed by PCR or serum CCHF IgM antibodies from all Iraqi governorates. A total of 380 cases of different ages and genders were identified. Diagnosis using PCR was possible from day 1 to day 15 of illness, whereas positive CCHF IgM antibodies indicated diagnosis from day 5 of illness onwards.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study explains the optimal timing for CCHF PCR and CCHF IgM testing, showing that early diagnosis improves treatment outcomes and prognosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The gold standard for CCHF diagnosis is PCR testing within the first 15 days of illness, while anti-CCHF IgM testing becomes useful from day 5 onwards.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREFACE.","authors":"Zongjin Li","doi":"10.2174/0122117385464265251123124200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385464265251123124200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}