Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"RGD-functionalized Wolffia globosa-derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery in Breast Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Chatchai Nensat, Worawat Songjang, Manatsanan Piamano, Korawut Pimpa, Nonthawan Sangprasert, Chiranan Srisuwan, Arunya Jiraviriyakul","doi":"10.2174/01221173854464260828044240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/01221173854464260828044240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have attracted considerable attention as biocompatible drug delivery vehicles. Wolffia globosa (Kai-pum), a native Thai aquatic plant, represents a novel and underexplored source of ELNs. This study describes the isolation, characterization, and functional evaluation of W. globosa-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (WGENs) that are surface-modified with the integrin-targeting Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide and loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) for targeted breast cancer therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>WGENs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RGD functionalization was achieved via DSPE-PEG-RGD membrane insertion, followed by doxorubicin loading through electroporation. Cellular uptake was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and live-cell imaging in 4T1 and CL-S1 cell lines. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by LDH assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NTA revealed WGEN mode sizes of 94.1 and 106.9 nm. TEM confirmed cup-shaped vesicular morphology. RGD-Exo-Dox treatment resulted in 4-fold greater intracellular doxorubicin accumulation in 4T1 cells than in CL-S1 cells (4.3% vs. 1.1% red fluorescence at 16 h). No statistically significant difference in cytotoxicity between RGD-Exo-Dox and free doxorubicin was detected in 4T1 cells (all p > 0.05); the observed numerical differences did not constitute positive evidence of differential cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Preferential intracellular doxorubicin accumulation was observed in αvβ3-overexpressing 4T1 cells compared with CL-S1 cells, which is consistent with RGD-mediated integrin targeting. This interpretation is subject to important limitations, including the absence of a scrambled-peptide control nanoparticle and unconfirmed surface RGD density; the differential uptake may therefore reflect nonspecific factors. Comparative formulation data are presented as preliminary, descriptive data pending formal statistical validation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RGD-functionalized WGENs constitute a promising plant-derived nanocarrier platform for proof-of-concept doxorubicin delivery, with enhanced uptake in αvβ3-overexpressing 4T1 cells. These preliminary findings warrant further investigation with appropriate mechanistic controls and in vivo validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Advancement in Polymer-Based Nanoemulgel Topical Therapies: A Dermatological Perspective.","authors":"Mohd Zafar, Prevesh Kumar, Diksha, Navneet Verma","doi":"10.2174/0122117385436923260914150536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385436923260914150536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical nanoemulgels represent a novel and promising hybrid drug delivery system that integrates the advantages of both nanoemulsions and gels to enhance skin drug delivery. Their unique physicochemical properties, such as high solubilizing capacity for lipophilic drugs, small droplet size, and rheological suitability, make them highly effective for localized dermatological applications. Recent advances in formulation strategies have enabled the incorporation of various synthetic and natural bioactive into nanoemulgel systems, improving their stability, penetration depth, and therapeutic efficacy. Polymers, both natural (e.g., chitosan, alginate, xanthan gum) and synthetic (e.g., Carbopol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol), play a critical role as gelling agents, viscosity enhancers, and stabilizers, influencing the release profile, bioadhesion, and mechanical properties of nanoemulgels. This review comprehensively outlines the current progress in the development, characterization, and biomedical application of nanoemulgels for the treatment of skin disorders, including acne, psoriasis, fungal infections, and dermatitis. Emphasis is placed on formulation techniques, excipient roles, permeation enhancement mechanisms, and safety profiles. Furthermore, challenges in scalability and regulatory approval, as well as future directions toward clinical translation, are critically discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Nanomaterial‑based Electrochemical Sensing Platforms.","authors":"Muhaned Mohammed Eteya","doi":"10.2174/01221173852069260924060517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/01221173852069260924060517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in nanotechnology have significantly expanded the application of nanomaterials in analytical chemistry, particularly in electrochemical sensing. This review systematically covers developments reported over the past decade (approximately 2015-2025) in nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for diverse analytical targets. Owing to their high surface area, tunable electrical conductivity, and unique physicochemical properties, nanomaterials play a critical role in enhancing sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and signal transduction efficiency. This article provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of major classes of nanomaterials, including carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), and polymer nanocomposites. Key aspects, including synthesis strategies, surface functionalisation, sensing mechanisms, and analytical performance metrics, are systematically compared. Furthermore, current challenges related to reproducibility, long-term stability, fouling resistance, and large-scale fabrication are critically discussed, along with limitations in real-sample analysis. Finally, emerging trends and future perspectives are outlined to guide the development of robust and practical electrochemical sensing platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-Based Drug Delivery: Prospects in Regenerative Medicine and Cancer.","authors":"Pratik Rajale, Nilesh Meshram, Shreya Kalbandhe, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, Laxmikant Borse","doi":"10.2174/0122117385453242260607095639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385453242260607095639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various cell types produce small extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which are becoming more and more popular as natural delivery systems for medicinal compounds in cancer treatment and regenerative medicine. They are ideal drug delivery vehicles because they are stable, have minimal immunogenicity, and can transport a variety of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and small drugs, across biological barriers. Recent developments in bioengineering have produced \"designer exosomes\" with enhanced cargo-loading efficiency, superior targeting, and surface features that can be altered. To overcome these issues like poor biodistribution and low drug capacity, exosomes can also be mixed with other nanocarriers, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Clinical trials investigating applications in cardiovascular repair, neurological disorders, and targeted oncology are now underway. Exosome-based therapeutics exhibit promise in tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. Large-scale manufacturing, standardization of isolation techniques, regulatory approval, and long-term safety are still obstacles, nevertheless. Future studies will concentrate on creating customized treatments that meet precision medicine objectives, as well as building multifunctional and hybrid exosomes. Exosomes have the potential to become next-generation delivery systems that revolutionize cancer therapy and regenerative medicine treatment approaches with further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148945499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frankincense-Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles Provide Multimechanical Renal Protection against Aluminum Exposure.","authors":"Mahmoud M Eltawila, Basant Serag Mohamed, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein, Samar M Aborhyem","doi":"10.2174/0122117385458898260817074813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385458898260817074813","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Aluminum toxicity is a severe public health problem that affects the environment worldwide and causes nephrotoxicity via oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic pathways. Frankincense extract (FE) has well-established bioactivity but a poor pharmacokinetic profile, limiting its therapeutic potential. Herein, the present work was designed to synthesize and characterize Frankincense-coated selenium nanoparticles (FE-SeNPs) as a better delivery vehicle and to investigate their protective effects against aluminum chloride (AlCl₃)-induced renal toxicity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This study extracted the Frankincense resin with water, and its total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. Preparation of FE-SeNPs was carried out by reacting the extract with sodium selenite under optimized conditions (60°C, pH 7.0). The synthesized particles were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR). Acute oral toxicity was determined in accordance with OECD Guideline 423. In vivo efficacy was investigated in mice, and six groups were formed: Control, FE-SeNPs alone, AlCl₃ alone, AlCl₃ + FE, and two dosages of AlCl₃ + FE-SeNPs (53.9 and 134.75 mg/kg), all administered orally for 28 days. Biochemical observations included renal function (creatinine, urea) and lipid profile. This study analyzed parameters related to oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, GR, GSH), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and NF-κB), and apoptotic gene expression (COX-2 and caspase-9). Histological examination of renal tissue confirmed the diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Phytochemical screening indicated that the frankincense extract contained 21.42mg GAE/g of phenolics and 4.87mg QE /g of flavonoids. The FE-SeNPs were spherical (18-29nm), monodisperse with PDI &lt; 0.3, and stable (zeta potential -25.6 mV). Spectroscopic studies also evidenced the production of selenium-element-capped plant phytochemicals. The LD₅₀ is 1500mg/kg. In the AlCl₃-induced renal mice, high dose of FE-SeNPs resulted in a significant improvement in kidney functions (decreased creatinine by 43%, urea by 52%), correction of dyslipidemia level, restoration of antioxidant defense system (increased SOD to 188.5%, GSH to 148.7%), abrogation of inflammation (reduced expression levels of IL-1β and NF-κB by 52.4% and 66.9% respectively) and also reduced expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes COX2 and caspase-9). The effects of FE-SeNPs were more pronounced than those of the crude extract, and the nanoparticles maintained normal renal architecture.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Evidence that increased selenium levels in FE-SeNPs enhanced their protective effects suggests a complementary interaction between elemental selenium and the bioactive componen","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery.","authors":"Harshit Kumar Maurya, Shaweta Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0122117385474272260625120504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385474272260625120504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacotherapy has shifted significantly from traditional drug delivery systems to precision nanomedicine. Polymeric nanocarriers, including nanospheres, nanocapsules, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, polymersomes, and nanogels, have now become multipurpose carriers to address key limitations: low solubility, early systemic clearance, and nonselective toxicity. This review is a critical and detailed study of the most recent developments in polymeric nanocarrier systems, focusing on their structural differentiation, physicochemical properties, and biological activity. Natural and synthetic polymers are both tested for biodegradability, biocompatibility, and functionality adaptation. Modern methods of fabrication, including solvent-based nanoprecipitation and controlled synthesis of dendrimers, are scrutinized critically in relation to the scaling up and translation issues to industry. The systematically analyzed aspects of drug delivery include the passive delivery using the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, active delivery using the ligand-mediated method, and stimuli-responsive release. Moreover, this review highlights other emerging trends, including multifunctional hybrid nanostructures, green synthesis, nanotoxicological and regulatory considerations, and clinical translocation. Clinical advancements and approved formulations by the FDA have also been provided in recent times. Lastly, future directions are also provided in the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the formulation design and the shift to personalized nanomedicine. In general, this review gives the future outlook of polymeric nanocarriers as the nextgeneration drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials for Wound Healing: Mechanisms and Challenges.","authors":"Abdelhak Maghchiche, Abdeltif Amrane","doi":"10.2174/0122117385452973260525185443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385452973260525185443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes, old age, infections, and malnutrition are some of the causes of chronic wounds, which are a major global health problem. These wounds affect millions of people and put an elevated demand on the health systems worldwide. Traditional wound dressings are often incapable of counteracting the main pathological features of chronic wounds, which include continuous biofilm formation, prolonged inflammation, and deficient tissue regeneration. The primary aim of this review is to outline the growing pharmaceutical potential of nanomaterials in the management of advanced and chronic wounds. Specifically, this work evaluates how nanotechnology improves healing through advanced drug delivery systems and antibacterial agents, and it proposes new hybrid solutions such as combining nanomaterials with bioactive scaffolds and 3D bioprinted dressings to shift wound care toward precise, responsive treatments for hard-to-heal injuries. This includes examining how the structural dimensionality of these nanomaterials, categorized into zero-dimensional nanoparticles, one-dimensional electrospun nanofibers, and two-dimensional graphene oxide-based composites, enhances their therapeutic efficacy. These nanomaterials provide benefits such as a large surface area, high biocompatibility, the ability to regulate drug release, and the capability to perform multiple functions. Thus, they make it possible to treat different pathological conditions of wounds by means of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative activities. There is an increasing focus on plant-derived nanomaterials for their antioxidant capabilities as well as for their potential for largescale, environmentally friendly manufacturing. The results from animal studies and small clinical trials indicate that nanomaterial-based dressings can, in some cases, speed up wound healing compared to traditional methods, although the efficacy differs among wound types and experimental models. Moving forward, the principal focus in this area of wound nanomedicine is on personalization, where microbiome analysis, inflammatory biomarker tracking, and wound sensor devices will help to continuously adapt the therapeutic materials. New techniques for production, such as microfluidic nanoparticle creation and AI-aided toxicology testing, combined with flexible clinical trial protocols, are expected to overcome the issues of safety testing, production at scale, and clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Cancer Therapy: Nano-Therapeutics for Precision Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment.","authors":"Sachin M Mendhi, Kuldeep Vinchurkar, Sheetal Mane","doi":"10.2174/0122117385372162250413064540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385372162250413064540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains one of the most challenging diseases to treat effectively, primarily due to the complex and adaptive nature of the tumour microenvironment. Traditional therapies often fail to target the TME adequately, leading to resistance and relapse. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for targeted cancer therapy, offering innovative solutions to overcome these challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nano-therapeutics designed to target the TME, highlighting their mechanisms, current progress, and prospects. By emphasizing the relationship between nanotherapeutics and different TME constituents, such as immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix, we want to clarify how these innovative techniques might improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. The potential of combining nano-therapeutics with conventional treatments is also explored, emphasizing a multi-faceted strategy in the fight against cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148362029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effect of Chitosan-saponin-bentonite Nanocomposite against Infertility in Male Rats.","authors":"Hanan Ramzy Abd El-Haleem, Tahani Younis Omar, Saja Mohammad Al-Mosaidyyen, Ayman Saber Mohamed, Ahmed I Dakrory, Mennatallah H Abdelaziz","doi":"10.2174/0122117385381125260126093513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385381125260126093513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pollution of the environment and infertility are two current worldwide health problems that plague people everywhere. Hexavalent chromium has been linked to reproductive toxicity, as seen by a decrease in sperm motility, count, and testosterone levels, as well as an increase in sperm abnormalities. The current study assessed the fertility effect of chitosan-saponinbentonite nanocomposite (CSB NC) against potassium dichromate-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 49 rats were placed into seven groups of seven rats each. All groups, except for control, were administered K2Cr2O7 at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight via subcutaneous injection as a single dose. The treated groups administered saponin, chitosan, bentonite, or CSB NC (30 and 60 mg/kg, orally). Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffractometer, and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the NC of CSB.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, glutathione reduced, and catalase all rose, whereas malondialdehyde and nitric oxide fell in response to CSB NC administration. Sperm count, motility, and semen fructose were all enhanced by the CSB NC, whereas sperm abnormalities were reduced. Histologically, the effects of K2Cr2O7 on testicular shrinkage, degenerative alterations, and disorganized germinal cell layers were reversed after oral administration of CSB NC.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Restoration of sex hormonal balance and semen quality after administration of CSB NC may be related to Cr- adsorption properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The chromium adsorption properties and antioxidant activity of CSB NC mitigate chromium-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats as it increases the sperm motility to about 43%.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxifolin-Functionalized Rivastigmine Liposomal Nanoformulation: A Synergistic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease Management.","authors":"Manoyogambiga M, Rajaganapathy Kaliyaperumal","doi":"10.2174/0122117385456970260609153349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385456970260609153349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by cognitive decline, oxidative stress, and amyloid plaque accumulation. Current therapies, including cholinesterase inhibitors, mainly provide symptomatic relief and are limited by suboptimal brain delivery, necessitating multifunctional nanocarrier-based strategies. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a Taxifolin-decorated Rivastigmine liposomal nanocarrier (Tax-Riva-Lipo) to achieve synergistic neuroprotection through combined cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant defense, and anti-amyloid activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Taxifolin was covalently conjugated to DSPE-PEG using EDC/NHS chemistry and incorporated into Rivastigmine-loaded liposomes prepared by thin-film hydration. The optimized formulation was characterized by DLS, TEM, FTIR, and DSC. In vitro evaluations included release kinetics, cholinesterase inhibition, antioxidant assays, and neuroprotection studies, followed by in vivo assessment in an ICV-STZ-induced AD rat model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tax-Riva-Lipo formed uniform nanosized vesicles (~145 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (≈85%) and sustained drug release up to 48 h. The formulation showed enhanced AChE and BuChE inhibition (IC₅₀: 0.08 μM and 0.52 μM), strong free radical scavenging activity, and significant protection of SH-SY5Y cells (92% viability). In vivo studies demonstrated improved cognitive performance, restoration of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH), suppression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and preservation of hippocampal architecture without detectable toxicity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that Taxifolin functionalization enables complementary multitarget actions, integrating antioxidant and anti-amyloid effects with sustained cholinesterase inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tax-Riva-Lipo represents a promising synergistic nanotherapeutic platform for improved management of Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}