Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Crocin and Nano-Crocin Mitigate Paraquat Hepatotoxicity by Modulating Expression of Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.","authors":"Zahra Khaksari, Freshteh Mehri, Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab, Mohammad Amin Manavi, Mohammad Hosein Fathian Nasab, Ashkan Karbasi, Maryam Baeeri, Akram Ranjbar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385323941241211084423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385323941241211084423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Crocin, a natural compound found in saffron, has shown promising potential as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Paraquat is a widely used herbicide known to cause severe oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, leading to significant tissue damage. This study explores the potential of crocin and its nanoformulation for mitigating paraquat-induced liver damage associated with inflammation and oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experimental design included 30 male Wistar rats divided into a control group, a paraquat group (5 mg/kg/day for 1 week, i.p.), and four treatment groups: crocin (20 mg/kg/day for 1 week, i.p.), nano-crocin (20 mg/kg/day for 1 week, i.p.), crocin+paraquat, and nano-crocin+paraquat. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB mRNA, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO) generation, thiol level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results, the TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB mRNA levels, as well as LPO and ROS generation increased following paraquat administration. Furthermore, both treatment groups showed significantly lower levels compared to the paraquat group (p<0.0001), with the nano-crocin group showing the most significant reduction (p<0.0001). On the other hand, reduced thiol level and SOD activity in the paraquat group were significantly attenuated by crocin and nano-crocin administration (p<0.0001). Notably, nano-crocin exhibited superior protective effects, with a greater reduction in inflammatory markers and oxidative stress indicators compared to crocin (p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides strong evidence that nano-crocin offers superior hepatoprotective effects over crocin in mitigating paraquat-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. The results suggest that nano-crocin could be a promising candidate for the development of novel antioxidant therapies targeting liver diseases characterized by oxidative stress. The study further elucidates the underlying mechanisms of action, highlighting the role of nano-crocin in modulating inflammatory pathways and enhancing antioxidant defenses, which may be attributed to its improved bioavailability and targeted delivery. Future studies should focus on the long-term safety and efficacy of nano-crocin, as well as exploring its potential applications in other models of liver injury and systemic oxidative stress-related diseases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, nano-crocin treatment exerted more protective effects than crocin on the liver against inflammation and oxidative stress induced by paraquat. These findings suggest that nano-crocin could serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of liver diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Future studies should focus on exploring the long-term safety and efficacy of na","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metallic Nanostructures: An Updated Review on Synthesis, Stability, Safety, and Applications with Tremendous Multifunctional Opportunities.","authors":"Pooja V Nagime, Nishat M Shaikh, Sudarshan Singh, Vaishali S Chandak, Vijay R Chidrawar, Eloise Parry Nweye","doi":"10.2174/0122117385358312250108180301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385358312250108180301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metallic nanostructures play a vital role in technological advancement, providing exceptional performance and improved adaptability in comparison to their bulk equivalents. Conventional synthesis techniques frequently depend on dangerous reducing agents to transform metal ions into Nanoparticles (NPs), which presents considerable environmental and health issues. In contrast, the approach of green synthesis, which emphasizes the use of non-toxic reagents, has garnered significant interest as a sustainable method for the fabrication of Metallic Nanoparticles (MNPs). This sustainable approach utilizes biological sources, like actinomycetes, algae, fungi, polymers, crops, waste biomass, and yeast, recognized for their excellent biocompatibility, availability, affordability, and efficiency. Biological extracts act as reducing and stabilizing agents, with the metabolites and enzymes present in these extracts aiding in the conversion of metal ions into nanoparticles. This review offers an in-depth examination of different MNPs, such as copper, gold, platinum, silver, and zinc, emphasizing their distinct characteristics and a variety of synthesis methods. The review further explores the diverse applications of MNPs in biomimetics, agriculture, and various industrial sectors, including energy, catalysis, and wastewater treatment, along with optical enhancement. This review explores stability and toxicity profiles, filling a significant gap in the existing knowledge base and providing valuable insights into the broad applicability of MNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: A Design Professional's Approach to Drug-loaded Transferosomal Vesicles for Transdermal Use.","authors":"Gopinath Subramaniyan, Rubina Shaik, Bachu Venkata Ramana, Meriton Stanley A, Devasena Srinivasan","doi":"10.2174/0122117385346215250109142123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385346215250109142123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate lornoxicam (LXM) and thiocolchicoside (TCS) transferosomal transdermal patches.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral administration of LXM and TCS can lead to gastric irritation, necessitating alternative delivery methods for pain and inflammation relief. Incorporating LXM & TCS into transferosomes within a transdermal patch offers a potential solution.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate transferosomal transdermal patches containing LXM and TCS, incorporating Aloe vera leaf mucilage (AVLM) and lime oil (LO) as permeability enhancers. The aim is to enhance the skin permeation of these drugs while mitigating gastric irritation associated with their oral administration.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Transferosomes were made by the thin film hydration tactic, with nine formulations based on three independent variables: phosphatidylcholine, span 80, and sonication time. Entrapment efficiency and drug release at 6th h were assessed as dependent variables. The optimized combination was then formulated into transdermal patches via central composite design, evaluating the impact of AVLM and LO on lornoxicam discharge and other physicochemical properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average weight and thickness of the patches ranged from 7.52±0.75 to 8.07±0.11g and from 1.69±0.01 to 1.82±0.02mm, respectively, representing minimal variance. The LXM/TCS content homogeneity ranged from 92.84±3.55 to 94.07±4.61% for LXM and from 90.17±1.98 to 93.18±2.98% for TCS, demonstrating robust uniformity. Higher proportions of phosphatidylcholine and span 80, along with lesser sonication time, led to improved entrapment of lornoxicam. In vitro, discharge studies demonstrated optimal discharge with a higher proportion of phosphatidylcholine, a medium proportion of span 80, and a longer sonication time. The transferosomal patches exhibited zero-order discharge kinetics, with LXM & TCS discharge % at 24, 48, and 72 h.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that formulation TDP-8, which incorporates 3g of Aloe vera leaf mucilage (AVLM) and lime oil (LO) as permeability enhancers, demonstrated favorable discharge characteristics. This indicates its potential as an effective transdermal delivery system for LXM and TCS, offering a promising substitute for pain and inflammation relief while minimizing gastric irritation. The study succeeded in developing and evaluating transferosomal transdermal patches for LXM and TCS, providing an alternative delivery method that minimizes gastric irritation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Mysteries of Brain Cancer from Diagnosis to Treatment.","authors":"Dyandevi Mathure, Sejal Bhandare, Dipanjan Karati, Mohammad Adnan, Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385331332241226101149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385331332241226101149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even with recent advancements in surgery and multimodal adjuvant therapy, brain cancer treatment is still difficult. The blood-brain barrier and the potentially deadly medications' nonspecificity have made pharmacological treatment for brain cancer particularly ineffective. The nanoparticle has surfaced as a viable brain delivery vector that can solve the issues with existing approaches. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate many functions into a single nanoplatform to enable tumor-specific diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up observation. Conventional technology does not allow for such multitasking. Recent developments in brain cancer treatment and detection using nanoparticles are discussed in this study. The benefits of delivery via nanoparticles are discussed, along with the kinds of nanoparticle systems being studied and their potential uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Solubility of a BCS Class II Drug- Itraconazole by Developing and Optimizing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles using a Central Composite Design.","authors":"Irfan A Mohammed, Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda","doi":"10.2174/0122117385341583250119054309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385341583250119054309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Itraconazole (ICZ) has been approved by the FDA to treat many fungal infections including, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. ICZ can be also used as prophylaxis in the population who are at high risk for developing systemic fungal infections, such as HIV patients, and chemotherapy patients.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>However, since ICZ is a BCS Class II drug that has low solubility and high permeability, leads to low oral bioavailability. In addition, the absorption of ICZ from commercial oral dosage forms is highly affected by food intake and pH.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to develop, optimize, and characterize ICZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (ICZ-SLNs) using a Central Composite Design for improved solubility and extendedrelease profile.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ICZ-SLNs were optimized based on physicochemical characteristics. ICZ-SLNs were also evaluated for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in-vitro release, lyophilization, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and physicochemical stability at refrigerated and room temperatures for three months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized ICZ-SLNs formulation showed particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug content, and entrapment efficiency of 335.6±8.0 nm, 0.25±0.02, -23.8±0.5 mV, 98.3±2.5%, and 99.5±1.5%, respectively. ICZ-SLN dispersions showed extended-release profiles for ICZ compared to the control solution over 24 h. The absence of the endothermic melting drug peak of the lyophilized formulation indicated that the drug was converted to its amorphous form inside the solid matrix. In addition, TEM studies showed spherical shape nanoparticles. Moreover, the optimized ICZ-SLN formulation was stable at both tested storage conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current ICZ formulation could exhibit improved oral bioavailability with better therapeutic outcomes during the treatment of systemic fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Nano-discs: A Versatile Nanocarrier Platform for Delivering Topical Theranostics.","authors":"Devesh U Kapoor, Mansi Gaur, Hetal Hingalajia, Sudarshan Singh, Bhupendra G Prajapati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385353188241218153916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385353188241218153916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymeric nano-discs offer a promising and adaptable nanocarrier platform for topical applications involving the targeted administration of drugs. These biocompatible polymer-based, disc-shaped, nanoscale structures have drawn interest due to their exceptional capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of theranostics. Theranostics, the concept of combining treatments and diagnostics into a single system, is the core of attraction. Precision and fewer adverse effects are provided by the regulated and prolonged release of these drugs made possible by polymeric nano-discs. They also offer the perfect foundation for keeping track of the effectiveness of treatments. The selection of polymeric materials that provide biocompatibility and customized release mechanisms is critical to effectively implementing polymeric nano-discs. Recent pre-clinical and clinical research has demonstrated efficacy in targeted therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, there are obstacles and restrictions in real-world implementation, and more study is necessary to fully realize their potential. Hence polymeric nano-discs offer controlled drug release and simultaneous diagnostic capabilities, making them a flexible and viable path forward for topical theranostics. Their advancement has opportunities for improved treatment results; however, more study is needed to properly resolve obstacles and realize their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143009443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and <i>In-Vitro</i> Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Artemisinin and Curcumin.","authors":"Bhagyashri Khatri, Vaishali Thakkar, Saloni Dalwadi, Avani Shah, Hardik Rana, Purvi Shah, Tejal Gandhi, Bhupendra Prajapati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385296893240626061552","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385296893240626061552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malaria remains a formidable public health obstacle across Africa, Southeast Asia, and portions of South America, exacerbated by resistance to antimalarial medications, such as artemisinin-based combinations. The combination of curcumin and artemisinin shows promise due to its potential for dose reduction, reduced toxicity, synergistic effects, and suitability for drug delivery improvement.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research aims to enhance the solubility and dissolution rates of curcumin and artemisinin by employing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs). Oral delivery of both drugs faces challenges due to their poor water solubility, inefficient absorption, and rapid metabolism and elimination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study focuses on formulating and optimizing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) encapsulating artemisinin (ART) and curcumin (CUR). SLNs were developed using the hot homogenization method, incorporating ultrasonication. Drug-excipient compatibility was evaluated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Lipid and surfactant screening was performed to select suitable components. A 3² full factorial design was utilized to investigate the influence of lipid and surfactant concentrations on key parameters, such as entrapment efficiency (%EE) and cumulative drug release (%CDR). Additionally, evaluations of %EE, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, and <i>in-vitro</i> drug release were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Successful development of artemisinin and curcumin SLNs was achieved using a full factorial design, demonstrating controlled drug release and high entrapment efficiency. The optimized nanoparticles exhibited a size of 114.7nm, uniformity (PDI: 0.261), and a zeta potential of -9.24 mV. Artemisinin and curcumin showed %EE values of 79.1% and 74.5%, respectively, with cumulative drug release of 85.1% and 80.9%, respectively. The full factorial design indicated that increased lipid concentration improved %EE, while higher surfactant concentration enhanced drug release and %EE. Stability studies of the optimized batch revealed no alterations in physical or chemical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study successfully developed Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for artemisinin and curcumin, achieving controlled drug release, high entrapment efficiency, and desired particle size and uniformity. This advancement holds promise for enhancing drug delivery of herbal formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Gene Therapy through Ultradeformable Vesicles for Efficient siRNA Delivery.","authors":"Chintan Aundhia, Nirmal Shah, Chitrali Talele, Aarti Zanwar, Mamta Kumari, Sapana Patil","doi":"10.2174/0122117385271654231215064542","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385271654231215064542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene therapy is a revolutionary approach aimed at treating various diseases by manipulating the expression of specific genes. The composition and formulation of ultra-deformable vesicles play a crucial role in determining their properties and performance as siRNA delivery vectors. In the development of ultra-deformable vesicles for siRNA delivery, careful lipid selection and optimization are crucial for achieving desirable vesicle characteristics and efficient siRNA encapsulation and delivery. The stratum corneum acts as a protective barrier, limiting the penetration of molecules, including siRNA, into the deeper layers of the skin. Ultradeformable vesicles offer a promising solution to overcome this barrier and facilitate efficient siRNA delivery to target cells in the skin. The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, acts as a significant barrier to the penetration of siRNA.These engineering approaches enable the production of uniform and well-defined vesicles with enhanced deformability and improved siRNA encapsulation efficiency. Looking ahead, advancements in ultra-deformable vesicle design and optimization, along with continued exploration of combination strategies and regulatory frameworks, will further drive the field of ultra-deformable vesicle-based siRNA delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"55-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light Sensitive Liposomes: A Novel Strategy for Targeted Drug Delivery.","authors":"Chintan Aundhia, Ghanshyam Parmar, Chitrali Talele, Dipali Talele, Avinsh Kumar Seth","doi":"10.2174/0122117385271651231228073850","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385271651231228073850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-sensitive liposomes have emerged as a promising platform for drug delivery, offering the potential for precise control over drug release and targeted therapy. These lipid-based nanoparticles possess photoresponsive properties, allowing them to undergo structural changes or release therapeutic payloads upon exposure to specific wavelengths of light. This review presents an overview of the design principles, fabrication methods, and applications of light-sensitive liposomes in drug delivery. Further, this article also discusses the incorporation of light-sensitive moieties, such as azobenzene, spiropyran, and diarylethene, into liposomal structures, enabling spatiotemporal control over drug release. The utilization of photosensitizers and imaging agents to enhance the functionality and versatility of light-sensitive liposomes is also highlighted. Finally, the recent advances, challenges, and future directions in the field, emphasizing the potential for these innovative nanocarriers to revolutionize targeted therapeutics, are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139567234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Pulmonary Drug Delivery.","authors":"Mukesh P Ratnaparkhi, Shailendra S Salvankar, Avinash R Tekade, Gajanan M Kulkarni","doi":"10.2174/0122117385277725231120043600","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385277725231120043600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoscale drug delivery systems have provoked interest for application in various therapies on account of their ability to elevate the intracellular concentration of drugs inside target cells, which leads to an increase in efficacy, a decrease in dose, and dose-associated adverse effects. There are several types of nanoparticles available; however, core-shell nanoparticles outperform bare nanoparticles in terms of their reduced cytotoxicity, high dispersibility and biocompatibility, and improved conjugation with drugs and biomolecules because of better surface characteristics. These nanoparticulate drug delivery systems are used for targeting a number of organs, such as the colon, brain, lung, etc. Pulmonary administration of medicines is a more appealing method as it is a noninvasive route for systemic and locally acting drugs as the pulmonary region has a wide surface area, delicate blood-alveolar barrier, and significant vascularization. A core-shell nano-particulate drug delivery system is more effective in the treatment of various pulmonary disorders. Thus, this review has discussed the potential of several types of core-shell nanoparticles in treating various diseases and synthesis methods of core-shell nanoparticles. The methods for synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles include solid phase reaction, liquid phase reaction, gas phase reaction, mechanical mixing, microwave- assisted synthesis, sono-synthesis, and non-thermal plasma technology. The basic types of core-shell nanoparticles are metallic, magnetic, polymeric, silica, upconversion, and carbon nanomaterial- based core-shell nanoparticles. With this special platform, it is possible to integrate the benefits of both core and shell materials, such as strong serum stability, effective drug loading, adjustable particle size, and immunocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"90-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}