Pharmaceutical nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Nanobots in Assisted Reproduction: Enhancing Sperm Functionality for Male Infertility Treatment.","authors":"Prasurjya Saikia, Rajeswar Das, Gowri Sankar Chintapalli, Sadique Hussain Tapadar, Rajnandan Borah, Manoleena Sarkar, Faruk Alam, Alindam Ghosh, Moidul Islam Judder, Mohidul Islam, Surabhi Mandal, Durgaprasad Kemisetti","doi":"10.2174/0122117385402363251205065053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0122117385402363251205065053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The potential of micro- and nanorobots in biomedical applications has drawn significant interest. These devices are modeled after natural organisms such as bacteria and sperm cells. By utilizing the propulsion mechanisms of motile sperm and other microorganisms, these biohybrid systems offer innovative approaches for drug delivery, assisted reproduction, and disease therapy in fluidic environments. Despite advancements, replicating the intricate architecture and functions of natural sperm cells at the nanoscale remains challenging, particularly regarding size homogeneity, flexibility, and propulsion efficiency. Recent efforts have focused on developing artificial sperm-like nanorobots with enhanced motility using techniques such as electrospinning, 3D printing, and magnetic assembly. These spermbots demonstrate the ability to transport targeted payloads, navigate through biofluids, and potentially address male infertility. Furthermore, integrating external control systems- such as magnetic fields and chemical stimuli-enables precise regulation of spermbot movement and function. Although clinical translation is still in its early stages, preclinical studies have highlighted the promise of spermbots in targeted drug delivery, tumor therapy, and reproductive medicine. However, challenges related to biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ethical considerations- particularly regarding their application in human reproduction-must be addressed before these systems can be widely adopted in therapeutic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Oleic Acid Vesicles: A Novel Approach to Drug Delivery.","authors":"S Sandhya, Jayatheertha S Lokapur, Prakash S Goudanavar","doi":"10.2174/0122117385317956241008074909","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385317956241008074909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The implementation of several innovative drug delivery technologies has made medication distribution more focused and managed in recent years. These days, a vesicular drug delivery system defines the rate of distribution and the site of action in order to improve the action and increase patient compliance; there are various kinds of newly developed vesicular drug delivery systems, including transferosomes, niosomes, aquasomes, ufasomes, pharmacosomes, and phytosomes. Ufasomes are unsaturated fatty acid vesicles with a limited pH range of 7 to 9. They are a suspension of closed lipid bilayers made of fatty acids and their ionized species. The hydrocarbon tails of fatty acid molecules are oriented toward the membrane's inner core, and their carboxyl groups are in contact with water. The two fatty acids that are most frequently employed in the ufasomes' manufacturing process are oleic and linoleic acids. It is a common practice to produce fatty acid vesicles via the thin film hydration process. The manufacture of stable ufasomes is mostly dependent on the choice of fatty acids, amount of cholesterol, pH range, buffer, etc. This article goes into additional detail regarding unsaturated fatty acids' characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142505462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and Assessment of an Optimized Glimepiride Transdermal Therapeutic System Using 3² Full Factorial Design Approach.","authors":"Audumbar Mali, Sunayana Mali","doi":"10.2174/0122117385348069241017070659","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385348069241017070659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, a large number of populations are suffering from diabetes mellitus, which significantly increases the burden on public health. Glimepiride is an antidiabetic drug with a shorter half-life (approximately 5 hours), low bioavailability, and first-pass metabolism. Due to these limitations, it is required to maintain a uniform therapeutic level, and it has been chosen as a transdermal drug delivery approach.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate glimepiride-loaded transdermal patches on the skin to treat diabetes mellitus. To overcome the issue of oral glimepiride and provide a localized effect, a transdermal drug delivery approach was developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The glimepiride transdermal drug delivery approach was developed by using the solvent evaporation method. To examine the impact of altering amounts of polyvinyl alcohol (X₁) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (X₂) on tensile strength, % of glimepiride released in 12 hours (Q12), and % of glimepiride released in 24 hours (Q24), as reliant on variables, a 3² complete factorial design was employed. For dependent variables, regression estimation and estimation of variance were employed. In-vitro release statistics were fixed to different models for various glimepiride release kinetics. In-vitro glimepiride release was tested using the best formulation.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The formulation F4 with 1300.00 milligrams of polyvinyl alcohol and 600.00 milligrams of polyvinyl pyrrolidone demonstrated a release of 96.17% for up to 24 hours and zero order release kinetics consisting of r²=0.987, which was the best batch. The optimized formulation F4 showed a controlled release of glimepiride and better permeation and deposition properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this research work were demonstrated the potential of the 3² full factorial mathematical models created to anticipate formulations with additional desirable release and permeability qualities for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Curcumin-loaded Bacterial Nanocellulose for Topical Application: Preparation and In vivo Study.","authors":"Juniar Kalpika Resmi, Safira Prisya Dewi, Heni Rachmawati","doi":"10.2174/0122117385330452241015071605","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385330452241015071605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is typically produced through fermentation using Hestrin Schramm (HS) médium. However, its high cost limits its use in industry. Moreover, curcumin, as a model substance, is a potential bioactive compound but has low bioavailability. This also limits its use for clinical application. Thus, a delivery system using more affordable production of BNC was develop to improve the lack property of curcumin, focusing on topical route.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine the best substrate component according to yield value and evaluate the physical properties as well as the permeation capability of BNC as a delivery matrix system for curcumin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The optimization of Gluconacetobacter xylinus culture media to produce BNC was conducted using 6 variation substrates consisting of Palmyra sap (PS) and tofu pulp with certain concentrations. Following a nine-day period, the yield of BNC was calculated. The selected BNCs were then impregnated with curcumin-DMSO and curcumin in the form of nanoemulsion (curcumin- NE). Subsequently, the BNCs containing these curcumin forms were characterized. In vitro testing of curcumin reléased from BNC was conducted using Franz difusión cells. In addition, the penetration ability of curcumin across the mice skin was observed using confocal microscopy. In vivo testing was also conducted to ascertain the safety of BNC-loaded curcumin on mice skin.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>PS-TP substrate (100:0, S-6) was the most appropriate substrate for BNC production, yielding 118.5±0.09 g/L. CR-DMSO and CR-NE were successfully impregnated into BNC. Confocal data showed that both formulations were able to penétrate the dermis layer. There was no significant difference was observed between the administration of BNC/CR-DMSO and BNC/CR-NE against the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BNC successfully produced using palmyra sap shows promising biomembrane for topical delivery of curcumin. No evidence inflammation or neovascularization in BNC/CR-DMSO- and BNC/CR-NE-treated mice confirms the safety use of this biomembrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"312-323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Trends in Transdermal Drug Delivery: Nanoparticle Formulations and Technologies for Enhanced Skin Penetration and Drug Efficiency.","authors":"Kiran Dudhat","doi":"10.2174/0122117385331393241111073911","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385331393241111073911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have emerged as a popular non-invasive approach for treating skin-related disorders, offering quick and reliable drug delivery into the skin, thereby accelerating therapeutic efficacy. In India, there is a growing interest in TDDS due to its perceived safety and effectiveness. Researchers are actively developing new formulations and technologies to enhance drug delivery efficiency and reduce side effects. Recent trends indicate a focus on overcoming challenges such as low permeability and stability issues through innovative nanoparticle-based delivery systems. Nanotechnology has revolutionized transdermal drug delivery by offering precise control over nanoparticle properties, enabling enhanced skin permeation and targeted delivery. Various nanoparticle formulations, including polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nanotubes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanoemulsions, have shown promise in improving drug solubility, bioavailability, and sustained release. Additionally, microneedles have emerged as a successful transdermal delivery method, offering advantages over traditional creams and patches. Metallic nanocarriers and nanoemulsions are also being explored for their potential in targeted drug delivery and enhanced skin penetration. Despite these advancements, challenges such as toxicity and biocompatibility need to be addressed for widespread clinical translation. Overall, the growing interest in transdermal drug delivery systems in India reflects the potential for improved therapeutic outcomes and patient convenience through innovative nanoparticle- based formulations and technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"209-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Plant Bioactive Compounds-based Novel Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.","authors":"Akshat Agrawal, Vijayalakshmi Ghosh, Ajaz Uddin, Parag Jain","doi":"10.2174/0122117385333643241016075918","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385333643241016075918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and eventual joint damage. This condition occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovium, the lining of the membranes surrounding the joints. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, alleviating pain, and preventing joint damage through a combination of medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Recently, biological therapies have been introduced, including Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF) blockers (such as etanercept, infliximab, and adalimumab), IL-6 inhibitors (tocilizumab), and interleukin- 1 inhibitors (anakinra). These treatments can lead to various side effects. The use of herbalbased treatments, such as secondary metabolites, has gained popularity due to their better tolerability, safety, and effectiveness compared to conventional therapies. However, there are also some limitations, like poor bioavailability and permeability and lower stability; to overcome these issues, Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have been introduced as better treatment options in recent years. Polymer science advancements and nanotechnology applications have opened new avenues for RA treatment, emphasizing the development of smart drug delivery systems. These systems aim to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, newly synthesized biocompatible drug delivery systems, combined with anti-inflammatory drugs composed of secondary metabolites, offer potential solutions for RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"193-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Flavonoid Content in <i>Apium graveolens</i> Nanocrystals Improves Colitis in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Colitis Mice.","authors":"Verda Farida, Chandra Saputra, Ardian Dewangga, Widi Kurniawan, Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid, Cornelia M Keck","doi":"10.2174/0122117385358037250415034215","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385358037250415034215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop medicinal plant nanoparticles as colitis alternative/supplementary therapy.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited reports about the effectiveness of medicinal plant nanocrystals in treating or preventing colitis.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We investigated the effect of nanonizing Apium graveolens (AG) on improving dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- induced colitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanonization was performed via the bead milling process. The nanocrystal product was characterized (i.e., particle size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI) values) and freezedried. Total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in nanocrystal products were compared with ethanolic extract of AG (AGEE). Anti-colitis activity of AG-nanocrystal water suspensions (AGNS) was compared to AG bulk powder suspensions (AGBS). Colitis severity was determined via physiological, macroscopic, and microscopic colon assessment. In addition, the fecal Enterobacteriaceae population and urine glucose levels were determined.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The AG nanoparticle products are 200-400 nm, with PDI values 0.5-0.6, and ZP values -12 to -20 mV. The total flavonoid and phenolic compounds of AGNS were 115.12±4.32 ppm and 37.11±0.34 ppm, respectively. This value is higher compared to the content in AGEE. AGNS (350 mg/kg) improves physiological (i.e., fecal blood), macroscopic (i.e., length, diameter), and microscopic (i.e., structure and immune cell infiltration) colon conditions in a comparable level to the positive control of 5-aminosalicylic acid (100 mg/kg). AGNS have a compelling ability to restore colon microscopic and Enterobacteriaceae population compared to AGBS (700 mg/kg). AGNS (350 mg/kg) also recovered colon permeability as marked by the lower urine glucose concentration (9.90±0.15 mg/dL) compared to colitis mice (12.43±0.09 mg/dL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nanonization of AG contributes to improved anti-colitis activities compared to AGBS. Nanonization of medicinal plants will reduce organic solvent extraction, which supports the sustainable development goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"447-459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review on Strategies of Topical Niosomes and Their Synergistic Effect for Enhanced Therapeutic Outcomes.","authors":"N Bharathi Sai Thilagam, V P Karthik, R Gnanasambandan, C Sowmya","doi":"10.2174/0122117385345369241212071947","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385345369241212071947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review aims to assess the potential of niosomes-nonionic surfactant-based vesicular systems-as carriers for topical and transdermal drug delivery. Niosomes enable targeted and controlled drug release while minimizing systemic toxicity. The investigation centers on their structure, stability, and capacity to entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, as well as their use in managing various dermatological and systemic disorders. Recent studies have examined the formulation of niosomes, particularly highlighting the roles of nonionic surfactants and cholesterol in enhancing the stability and entrapment efficiency of these vesicles. Research on permeability enhancers has been reviewed for their ability to work together to improve drug transport and bioavailability. It also provides a detailed discussion on the use of niosomes in treating various dermatological conditions, as well as their applications in systemic diseases, with a particular focus on co-delivery systems in cancer therapies. Niosomes exhibit efficacy in drug delivery by providing an increase in penetration through the stratum corneum, targeting hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs for dermatological and systemic applications. The Development of niosomal therapy has expanded into immunization, antiinflammatory treatments, and the control of pigmentation. Permeability enhancers further increase their efficacy, bioavailability, and tissue localization. Anticancer treatment using niosomes for codelivery of agents demonstrates synergistic effects with reduced side effects. Niosomes have tremendous potential in advancing topical and transdermal drug delivery, offering controlled, targeted release and improved patient outcomes. With optimized fabrication and comprehensive toxicity evaluation, niosomes can potentially revolutionize topical therapies, making them safer, more effective, and patient-friendly for a range of next-generation treatment options across dermatology and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic and Diagnostic Implications of Carbon Dot: An Advancement in the Avenue towards Cancer, Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"Sreejan Manna, Sabyasachi Banerjee, Arnab De, Subhasis Banerjee, Stabak Das, Pallabita Rakshit, Ashok Kumar S K, Kalyan Kumar Sen, Sourav De","doi":"10.2174/0122117385314533240824090949","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385314533240824090949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carbon dots (CDs), by virtue of their electrical and optical properties, emit intense light and fluorescence. They have attributes like photostability, high quantum yield (QY), high emission, and scalability. In the recent past, theranostic-CDs have been widely used in sensing, imaging, and medication administration. Furthermore, CDs may provide significant promise to detect and ability to cros blood-brain barrier (BBB) along with a drug to treat numerous neurodegenerative disorders (ND), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and multiple scleross.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review aims at exploring the immense utility of CDs in the arena of theranostics. The immense utility of CDs was investigated through a systematic exploration of previously published data in the relevant field. The application of CDs is well extended to treat life-threatening disorders, like diabetes and cancer. In order to keep harmful substances out of the brain, the blood- -brain barrier (BBB) forms a defensive barrier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Water and gases being simple molecules can traverse the BBB without getting filtered out, but several large molecules suffer to reach the site of action owing to their poor solubility. CDs have recently been employed for delivering drugs to the brain and to assess the central nervous system. An in-depth study of relevant literature indicates that CDs are the next-generation carrier with an innate potential to subside the drawbacks of conventional nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CDs have recently been employed for delivering drugs to the brain and to assess the central nervous system. An in-depth study of relevant literature indicates that CDs are the next-- generation carrier with an innate potential to subside the drawbacks of conventional nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review illustrates several biomedical applications of CDs, primarily focusing on neurological illnesses, diabetes, and cancers. It also confers the usefulness of CDs in diagnostic imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"94-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface.","authors":"Zongjin Li","doi":"10.2174/0122117385464265251123124200","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0122117385464265251123124200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19774,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"vi"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146053343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}