Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Acute phase proteins as potent early biomarkers for the detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> infection in white New Zealand rabbits.","authors":"Amer Al Ali, Sara M Salama, Wageh Sobhy Darwish, Aaser M Abdelazim","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, an increase in the synthesis of acute phase proteins (APPs) was associated with acute infections and inflammation in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify biochemical and molecular markers in rabbits that could be used for the early diagnosis of diarrhea.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty male White New Zealand rabbits with an average weight of 450-650 g and an age of 6-8 weeks were chosen and then divided into two groups: group A, which served as a control and was not exposed to any infections, and group B, which was infected with <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain O26 through a single oral injection. After 1, 3, 7, 11, and 15 days, four rabbits from the control group and six rabbits from the infected group were slaughtered at various ages. For the purpose of determining the levels of hemoglobin (HP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and ceruloplasmin (CP) activity, as well as the electrophoresis patterns of proteins, the serum samples were taken. For the purpose of determining the level of mRNA expression of HP, livers were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a significant increase in HP, CRP concentration, and CP activity in all infected rabbits. Electrophoresis patterns indicated a decline in serum albumin levels and an increase in α2, β, and γ-globulins levels post-infection. The mRNA expression of HP was significantly increased in infected rabbits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>APP patterns and concentrations could be used as potent markers for the early detection of enteric disorders and diarrhea induced by <i>E. coli</i> infection in weaning rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"977-982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of the use of pathological techniques in camel research.","authors":"Ahmed Aljazzar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Camel pathology research has evolved significantly over the past five decades, reflecting the growing recognition of camels' importance in agriculture, zoonotic disease control, and economic contributions. However, there has been limited evaluation of research trends, thematic advancements, and international collaborations in this field. Aim: This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of camel pathology research published between 1971 and 2024. The study identified key research themes, assessed collaboration patterns, and highlighted gaps to guide future research efforts in camel pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 297 research articles retrieved from Scopus. A steady increase in publications was observed, with a notable surge after 2010 due to advancements in molecular techniques and rising global interest in camel health. Thematic analysis identified well-established motor themes, such as camel histopathology and tuberculosis, while basic themes, such as infertility and postmortem studies, were found to be underexplored. Collaboration analysis revealed the dominance of Saudi Arabia and Egypt, emphasizing their pivotal role in camel research. However, under- represented regions, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, showed limited participation in collaborative networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the transition from traditional pathological techniques to advanced molecular and epidemiological approaches, enabling better disease detection, diagnosis, and management in camels. Despite significant progress, the slower adoption of cutting-edge technologies in certain regions indicates the need for targeted capacity-building initiatives. By addressing these gaps and fostering international collaborations, camel pathology research can contribute to sustainable development, improved public health, and improved global food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"1009-1023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing male layer chicken performance and health with probiotic supplementation: A sustainable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters.","authors":"Bodhi Agustono, Maya Nurwartanti Yunita, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari, Sunaryo Hadi Warsito, Tabita Dameria Marbun, Sarasatia Windri","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rising global concern over antibiotic resistance has heightened scrutiny of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry farming, prompting a shift toward alternative feed additives to ensure sustainable and safe poultry production. This trend aligns with the increasing demand for free-range and naturally raised chicken meat in various regions, including Indonesia. In response, Indonesian breeders have turned to medium-sized male layer chickens (MLCs) as substitutes for traditional free-range chickens. This practice, coupled with the need to replace AGPs, highlights the critical importance of exploring innovative and natural solutions to enhance poultry growth and health.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the effects of probiotics as an alternative to AGPs on the growth performance, carcass traits, and immune organs of male ISA Brown layer chickens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 180-day-old male ISA Brown layer chickens were used for the study. The intervention included six treatments. T1 basal feed, T2 2.5 g AGP/kg feed, T3 1 ml probiotic/kg feed, T4 3 ml probiotic/kg feed, T5 4 ml probiotic/kg feed, and T6 5 ml probiotic/kg feed. Probiotics used were <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i> sp., and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> at a concentration of 1.2 × 109 CFU/ml. The feeding trial lasted for 21 days for chickens aged 21-42 days, assessing growth performance [body weight, feed consumption, digestibility, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)], carcass traits, non-edible organs, and immune organs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrate that probiotic supplementation significantly outperformed the AGP-treated group (T2) in enhancing growth performance, carcass weight, pectoral weight development, FCR, internal and immune organ weights, nutrient intake, and digestibility. While AGPs showed improvements over the control (T1), probiotic- supplemented groups, particularly T6, achieved superior results across all parameters, indicating that probiotics are not only a viable alternative to AGPs but also a more effective and sustainable approach for poultry production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The probiotics used in the study at 4 and 5 ml/kg of feed significantly enhanced the performance, immune organ development, and carcass attributes of MLCs, demonstrating their effectiveness as a viable alternative to AGPs. These findings highlight the potential of probiotics to improve poultry production sustainability by reducing reliance on antibiotics, enhancing growth and health outcomes, and promoting animal welfare through natural and efficient dietary interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"668-679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, John Yew Huat Tang, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Ima Fauziah, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Latifah Latifah","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a global issue requiring serious attention and management. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock for growth promotion, disease prevention, and treatment has led to the dissemination of AMR bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. In addition, unethical antibiotic sales without prescriptions, poor sanitation, and improper disposal cause significant amounts of antibiotics used in livestock to enter the environment, causing the emergence of resistant bacteria. Intensive livestock farming is an important source of AMR genes, environmental bacteria contamination, and possible transfer to human pathogens. Bacteria intrinsically antibiotic resistant, which are independent of antibiotic use, further complicate AMR and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality following infections by AMR bacteria. <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. are commonly found in livestock that carry resistance genes and have a risk of human infection. The impact of AMR, if left unchecked, could lead to substantial public health burdens globally, with a predicted mortality rate higher than cancer by 2050. \"One Health\" integrates strategies across human, animal, and environmental health domains, including improving antibiotic stewardship in livestock, preventing infection, and raising awareness regarding the judicious use of antibiotics. The use of antibiotic alternatives, such as prebiotics, probiotics, bacteriophages, bacteriocins, and vaccinations, to control or prevent infections in livestock will help to avoid over-reliance on antibiotics. Coordinated international actions are needed to mitigate the spread of AMR through improved regulations, technology improvements, and awareness campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"504-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed morphological study of the tongue of forest dragon (<i>Gonocephalus chamaeleontinus</i>) by scanning electron and light microscopy.","authors":"Amanda Dominica Theqla, Srikanth Karnati, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.51","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The forest dragon (<i>Gonocephalus chamaeleontinus</i>) is a reptile of the Agamidae family, and its distribution includes Indonesia and Malaysia. The forest dragon uses its tongue to catch insects and invertebrates. In terms of morphology, the tongue of the Agamidae family is different from other reptiles. The study of morphology in the tongues of Agamidae is crucial for understanding their feeding behavior, prey capture mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This research attempts to analyze the morphology of the dorsal surface of the tongue of <i>G. chamaeleontinus</i> by using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its histological structure by using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study achieves the SEM and light microscope images using hematoxylin eosin stains and employs six samples of <i>G. chamaeleontinus</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The tongue of <i>G. chamaeleontinus</i> separated into three distinct parts: the apex (A), corpus (C), and radix ®. The structure's A contains dome-shaped papillae (DP). The C section contains DP and circumvallate papillae. The R contains scale-like papillae. Additionally, histological analysis using HE stains revealed the taste buds on the DP and circumvallate papillae and the presence of lingual salivary glands (SG) on the lamina propria mucosa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tongue's papillae of <i>G. chamaeleontinus</i> comprise sensory and mechanic papillae, which are also completed by lingual SG.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 2","pages":"1032-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implantation of porcine amniotic epithelial cells model for myocardial infarction combined with cardiomyocyte therapy of pigs (<i>Sus scrofa domestica</i>).","authors":"Arni Diana Fitri, Deni Noviana, Gunanti Gunanti, Anita Esfandiari, Mawar Subangkit","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.9","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common heart disorder in patients with cardiovascular disease. Obstruction of blood flow to the heart causes ischemia and results in heart pump failure.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effects of porcine amniotic epithelial cell (pAEC)-based stem cell therapy alone and in combination with cardiomyocytes to understand its potential benefits in MI treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we conducted MI therapy using pluripotent stem cells derived from the amnion (AEC) implanted into the infarcted heart. Nine domestic pigs (<i>Sus scrofa domestica</i>), aged 3-4 months and weighing 35-40 kg, were used as models. The animal models were divided into three groups: the placebo MI group, the MI group treated with pAEC stem cells, and the MI group treated with amniotic epithelial stem cells combined with cardiomyocyte cells. Electrocardiography (ECG), pulsed wave (PW) Doppler, and biomarker examinations were performed to evaluate the effects of stem cell intervention on MI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Single pAEC stem cell therapy and its combination with cardiomyocytes in MI lesions demonstrated improvements in VTI, particularly renal artery, mitral, and tricuspid valve compared to untreated infarction (placebo). Notably, single pAEC therapy significantly improved more than combining them with cardiomyocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with AEC stem cells alone resulted in more significant improvements in heart valve function and large blood vessels compared to combining AEC with cardiomyocytes. This study allowed us to understand better the effects of stem cell therapy on blood hemodynamics and biomarker parameters of heart injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study on physiological dynamism of various serum cardiac biomarkers in apparently healthy Sipli sheep of Pakistan.","authors":"Madiha Sharif, Mushtaq Hussain Lashari, Umer Farooq, Musadiq Idris, Aisha Mahmood, Musarrat Abbas Khan","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.40","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For sheep in tropical/subtropical areas of the world, the reported mortality and morbidity rate regarding cardiomyopathies is quite low (1%-2%), yet it has been elucidated that many sheep slaughtered for meat purposes in Pakistan have enlarged hearts with underlying cardiac abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present preliminary work is the first record of deducing normal reference intervals (RIs) for various serum cardiac biomarkers namely cardiac troponin I (cTnI), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and total protein (TP), and their interrelationship in apparently healthy indigenous Sipli breed of sheep (<i>n</i> = 141) from Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Apropos to aseptic blood collection and serum extraction, the attributes were deduced using commercially available kits. For the sake of analyses, the studied biomarkers were attributed as independent (Na⁺, K⁺, and TP) and dependent (LDH, ALT, AST, cTnI, and CK-MB) variables. The RIs were determined through Reference Value Advisor Version 2.1 as <i>per</i> gender and age keeping in view the guidelines provided by the American Society of Veterinary Pathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RIs for cardiac serum biomarkers included in the present study were generally within the reference range provided for sheep with slight variations which might be attributed to physiological adaptation to harsh desert climate. The Na⁺ significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) predicted AST (adj. <i>r</i>-square = 0.976, 97% probability) and CK-MB (adj. <i>r</i>-square = 0.477, 47% probability). Similarly, K⁺ significantly (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) predicted LDH (adj. <i>r</i>-square = 0.626, 62% probability) and ALT (adj. <i>r</i>-square = 0.897, 89% probability). The TP had the highest adjusted <i>r</i>-square of 0.770 (77% probability) with AST; however, it was statistically non-significant (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the study present baseline data about these cardiac biomarkers which may be utilized for cardiac assessment of the sheep. It is recommended that the serum cardiac biomarkers ascertained in this study be studied in perspective to electrophysiology and ultrasonography of sheep heart for confirmed diagnosis/prognosis of cardiomyopathies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"446-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-nephrotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficiency of <i>Nigella sativa</i> ethanolic extract against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.","authors":"Barakat M Alrashdi, Mahmoud Ashry, Mousa O Germoush, Maged Fouda, Ibrahim Abdel-Farid, Diaa Massoud, Fayez Shaldoum, Ahmed E Abdel Moneim, Ali G Gadel-Rab, Mohamed Mahrous, Mohamed H A Gadelmawla, And Hussam Askar","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.36","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induces acute and chronic kidney damage alongside oxidative stress in rats.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examines <i>Nigella sativa</i> ethanolic extract's (NEE) potential barriers against CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wistar albino male rats weighing between 150 and 200 g were acclimatized and randomly divided into four groups, each comprising 10 animals. The control group consisted of healthy rats; the second group received oral administration of 200 mg/kg NEE for six weeks; the third group received intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg twice weekly for six weeks; and the fourth group received both oral NEE and CCl4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate that NEE significantly mitigated renal degeneration induced by CCl4, evidenced by notable reductions in creatinine, urea, urea nitrogen, uric acid, potassium, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, renal NO, MDA, and DNA fragmentation, coupled with substantial increases in kidney SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT levels. Additionally, CD4, Albumin, Sodium, Calcium, Immunohistochemistry, and Histopathological analyses revealed marked regenerative effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, NEE exhibits anti-nephrotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, with a likely mediation by its antioxidant constituents. The radical scavenging activity, particularly the high phenolic content of its active component, suggests NEE's potential efficacy as a nephroprotective supplement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"402-415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical insights on paratuberculosis in Arabian camels (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>): A review.","authors":"Mohamed Tharwat, Haytham Ali, Abdulrahman A Alkheraif","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.2","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a long-standing granulomatous infectious disease of both domesticated and wild ruminants. It is caused by <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP). This review emphasizes the clinical, hematobiochemical, sonographic, and pathologic findings as well as therapeutic and control measures in dromedary camels infected with PTB. The clinical signs include intermittent and/or chronic diarrhea, decreased milk yield, emaciation, submandibular edema, dehydration, irregular and weak rumen contractions, and abdominal pain. Hematological changes include leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and decreased erythrocytes, hematocrit percent, and hemoglobin concentration. Biochemical alterations included hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoglycemia, increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity, and increased concentration of magnesium and calcium. Sonographically, the intestinal wall is either mildly, moderately, or severely thickened along with mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) enlargement. The LN capsule is either anechoic or echoic and the contents are either echogenic, anechoic, or heterogenous. Other sonographic findings include bright hepatic parenchyma, aggregation of echogenic materials separated with fluids among the intestines, and pleural and pericardial effusions. The typical pathological lesions are corrugation of the small intestinal mucosa, especially that of the ileum, and the colonic mucosa is folded. Mesenteric and ileocecal LNs are edematous, congested, and granular. Other necropsy findings include fatty liver and peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural effusions. Histologically, proliferative enteritis and lepromatous granulomas are detected. Clusters of acid-fast bacilli are usually found in the intestinal mucosa and lamina propria. Accurate diagnosis of PTB depends on the culture and identification of the causative organism MAP from tissue or feces. Herd screening is also performed through complement fixation, agar gel immunodiffusion, competitive-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Ziehl-Neelsen staining of tissue or feces, histologic pattern of a granulomatous reaction, DNA probes, and polymerase chain reaction. A trial for the treatment of PTB in dromedary camels was carried out through IM injection of rifampin and streptomycin for 10 weeks. The diarrhea resolved within 1 week of treatment, and MAP disappeared from rectal scraping 5-9 weeks after treatment. In conclusion, early detection and eradication procedures of PTB should be more implemented for the control and prevention of PTB in dromedary camels. More research should be directed toward vaccination programs in those species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the morphology of <i>Eimeria</i> spp. in beef cattle in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia.","authors":"Fathur Rohman Haryadi, Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo, Dwi Priyowidodo, Soedarmanto Indarjulianto, Fitrine Ekawasti, Vika Ichsania Ninditya","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.7","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v15.i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Eimeria</i> spp. include endoparasites that can infect the digestive tract of cattle. Coccidiosis can reduce productivity, cause economic losses, increase susceptibility to other diseases, and even cause death; therefore, the urgency of the government's role in giving special attention to this case. A high potential case was found in farms with poor livestock management systems. Coccidiosis often does not show clinical symptoms; therefore, breeders and veterinarians have difficulty recognizing early symptoms in the field.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of the research is to identify and characterize the morphology of <i>Eimeria</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fresh fecal samples were obtained from 106 beef cattle from Bandung Regency. Examination of fecal samples using the floating method with saturated sugar. The shape of the oocyst was observed using an Optilab microscope and oocyst measurements were performed using Image Raster software.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The examination results showed that 51 stool samples out of the 106 samples tested positive for <i>Eimeria</i> spp. The samples revealed eight different species of <i>Eimeria</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight <i>Eimeria</i> spp. were identified from the samples taken from the Bandung regency and they were <i>Eimeria bovis, Eimeria zuernii, Eimeria alabamensis, Eimeria cylindrica, Eimeria auburnensis, Eimeria.wyomingensis, Eimeria pellita, Eimeria canadensis</i>. The prevalence of beef cattle coccidiosis in Bandung Regency was 48.11%. Morphological determination can be used to diagnose <i>Eimeria</i> spp. based on shape, size, shape index, and characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}