Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"A direct anatomical characterization of the coronary sinus in dogs (<i>Canis lupus</i> familiaris).","authors":"Iván Andrés Pineda-Betancurt, Luis Ernesto Ballesteros-Acuña, Fabian Alejandro Gömez-Torres","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.53","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The inquiry on the venous drainage of the heart of dogs is still under development, despite its significant importance in the framework of comparative anatomy and its implications for veterinary medicine.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of the study was to perform a qualitative and biometric characterization of the cardiac veins of dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the venous bed perfusion technique, semi-synthetic resin (Palatal GP40L 80% and styrene 20% with blue dye) was injected into the venous system of 32 hearts of dogs that died in veterinary clinics, categorized by weight as follows: <10 kg; 10-19 kg; 20-29 kg; ≥30 Kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The length and diameter of the coronary sinus for the <10 kg group were 18.49 ± 3.31 and 4.40 ± 0.85 mm. Its morphology was cylindrical in 50% of cases and funnel-shaped in 34.4% of them. Arteriovenous trigone was observed in 93.8% of hearts, with a prevalence of closed configuration in 60% of cases, in both the superior and inferior segments. The diameter of the great cardiac vein at the level of the paraconal interventricular sulcus for the 20-29 kg group was 2.13 ± 0.49 mm, while its distal diameter was 4.03 ± 0.32 mm. The left marginal vein originated mainly in the lower third of the left margin (46.9%), and its caliber at the drainage (2.84 mm) was larger in cases at the level of the coronary sinus than in the great cardiac vein (<i>p</i> = 0.012). Venous anastomoses between the middle and great cardiac veins were observed in 50% of the hearts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The qualitative and biometric characteristics of the venous structures of the heart of dogs were described in detail and categorized by weight groups of the animals. These results are highly useful for the implementation of endovascular devices and the treatment of cardiac diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2840-2848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manure waste management: Perceptions and practices of dairy farmers in Punjab, India.","authors":"Nilam Wavhal, Pankaj Dhaka, Simranpreet Kaur, Jasbir Singh Bedi","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.32","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.32","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Manure waste disposal is an essential aspect of dairy farm biosecurity and significantly impacts farm productivity, animal health, public health, and environmental sustainability. Improper manure management can contribute to pathogen spread, groundwater contamination, and environmental pollution, necessitating targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the perceptions, practices, needs, and challenges faced by dairy farmers in Punjab in relation to manure management and its broader implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 275 dairy farmers in Punjab using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included closed-ended, Likert scale-based, and open-ended questions addressing key aspects of manure management. Data were analyzed to explore associations between demographic factors (gender, age, education, herd size) and manure management practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that most respondents (66.9% strongly agreed, 33.1% agreed) recognized manure as an effective fertilizer. However, 43.6% strongly disagreed that dung odor should be considered a source of environmental contamination or health concern, and only 47.3% linked manure to pathogen spread. The opinions on groundwater contamination were divided, with 41.1% agreeing and 43.6% strongly disagreeing. Risk practices identified included 92% of farmers storing dung within residential areas and 50.9% handling dung barehanded. Significant associations were observed between demographics and perceptions/practices, with higher education and larger herd sizes positively influencing adherence to proper manure management practices. The farmers emphasized the need for subsidies and training to improve their manure management practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights gaps in manure management practices among dairy farmers and underscores the need for targeted interventions, policy support, and awareness campaigns. Strengthening sustainable manure management through collaboration with farmers, extension agencies, researchers, and policymakers, along with innovative approaches, is essential for enhancing farm biosecurity, safeguarding animal, and public health, and ensuring agricultural sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2610-2625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratometry, biometry, and intraocular lens power calculation in Bornean sun bears (<i>Helarctos malayanus euryspilus</i>).","authors":"Yong Zheng Wai, Boon Nie Yeoh, Wai Seng Chiang, Muhammad Hazim Bin Sharum, Nurhayati Abdul Kadir, Nur Hafizah Binti Mat Jalil, Jessie Si Wai Ho, Nur Nabila Sarkawi, Siew Te Wong, Nadzariah Cheng Binti Abdullah","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cataracts are a common ocular condition that affects captive sun bears, yet there is a lack of detailed case reports and ocular studies of this species.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The examinations aim to calculate the intraocular lens (IOL) power required to achieve emmetropia following cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five Bornean sun bears diagnosed with cataracts at the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre in Malaysia underwent ocular examination under general anesthesia. Keratometry and biometry data, including anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness, and axial globe length, were collected using an automated keratometer and B-mode ultrasound. The Retzlaff, Binkhorst, Colenbrander, and Fyodorov formulas were used to estimate the required IOL power.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean corneal keratometric power was 56.94 D, the mean axial globe length was 12.93 mm, and the mean calculated postoperative anterior chamber depth was 4.77 mm. The mean calculated IOL power was +92.96 D. Conclusion: Aphakic cataract surgery were decided following these findings showing no available commercial IOL implants for this species. These findings provide valuable baseline data for optimizing cataract surgery in Bornean sun bears.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2889-2894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastrointestinal parasite infection and the first molecular detection of strongyle infection in cattle of the Ayeyarwaddy Division, Myanmar.","authors":"Babi Kyi Soe, Apinya Arnuphapprasert, Ana Huertas-López, Toe Win Naing, Khin Su Hlaing, Win Myint","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.37","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal parasites (GI) are a group of pathogens that infect the digestive tract of a wide range of animals and cause significant infections in cattle worldwide. Nematodes at the order level Strongylida have the highest prevalence in livestock farming. In Myanmar, cattle production plays a critical role in the rural lifestyle. However, baseline data on GI parasitic infection in cattle from Myanmar remain scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study is the first report to identify the most abundant GI parasites in cattle from this country using microscopic identification, followed by species identification of egg-positive samples through molecular methods targeting the internal transcribed spacer (<i>ITS</i>) region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 219 cattle were involved in this cross-sectional study. Fecal flotation and formalin-ether centrifugal sedimentation techniques were used for conventional microscopic analysis. A fragment of the ITS gene was analyzed genetically in five samples identified as single-species infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopy revealed an overall infection rate of 79.5% with intestinal parasites. Regarding results, strongyles were the most frequently detected parasites, followed by <i>Eimeria</i> spp. and <i>Toxocara</i> spp. Concretely, two species from the family Trichostrongylidae were found in the study area, <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> and <i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first molecular evidence of GI parasites in cattle in Myanmar, highlighting the high risk of parasitic infections in this area. Molecular analysis of five samples showed single-species infections: four with <i>H. contortus</i> and one with <i>T. colubriformis</i>, both likely widespread and dominant in Myanmar. These findings suggest that cattle may contribute to local transmission. The high prevalence underscores the necessity for sustained surveillance, implementation of effective control strategies, intersectoral collaboration between veterinary and public health authorities, and enhancement of public awareness to prevent and manage significant GI parasitic infections in Myanmar.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2682-2692"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dog breeding practices, hygiene, attitudes, and knowledge of pet owners regarding zoonosis risks in Benin.","authors":"Ayaovi Bruno Yaovi, Nestor Noudeke, Junior Gbaguidi, Jean-Eudes Setondji, Mahugnon Bonaventure Azon, Gilles A Toni, Rodrigue Mêmavo Wankanrin, Morel Tcheho, Paulin Azokpota, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Souaïbou Farougou, Philippe Sessou","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.33","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Close and frequent contact with dogs that can carry zoonotic agents poses a threat to those interacting with them if necessary precautions are not observed.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to describe dog management and hygiene practices among Benin dog owners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey of 934 owners was conducted through direct interviews, and statistical analysis using the multiple correspondence analysis method was carried out on collected data to categorize the groups of dog owners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed that local dogs were more highly bred (88.87%) than cross-breeds (9.85%) and exotic breeds (6.21%). Dogs were more bred for household security (96.15%) than for companionship (57.6%), marketing (29.44%), and hunting (3.10%). The frequency of meals served to the dogs per day varied significantly and consisted mainly of residue food (96.68%). Only 20.34% of owners housed their dogs in cages, and 31.40% hired veterinarians to monitor their dogs. Regarding hygiene practices, 73.95% of owners washed their hands after touching their dogs. Dog excrement was well managed by 27.35% of respondents. The respondents' education level and municipality had a significant effect on hand hygiene practices, good management of dog excrement, and knowledge of exchanging microorganisms' risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reveals that all dog owners do not know or observe good hygiene practices. Programs to raise awareness and train dog owners in good hygiene practices need to be developed and implemented to prevent zoonotic diseases in households.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2626-2650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12507043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative effect of spirulina on methotrexate-induced male fertility and oxidative stress in rats.","authors":"Noran Ibrahim Salah, Reda M Abd El-Aziz, Sameh Elnabtity, Wageh Sobhy Darwish","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.25","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug that is used despite having several toxic effects. Spirulina is commonly consumed as a food supplement because of its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and other beneficial effects. Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the adverse effects of MTX on male sex hormones and subsequently its effects on oxidant/antioxidant status. The ameliorative effects of spirulina against such MTX-induced adverse effects were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, spirulina, MTX, and MTX + spirulina groups. The levels of testosterone (free and total), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin hormone were evaluated as biochemical markers of MTX-induced infertility. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were assayed in liver tissue as oxidative stress markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results obtained from the current study showed that Spirulina improved the adverse effects of MTX on testosterone (free and total), LH, FSH, MDA, and TAC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study indicated that spirulina can be used to ameliorate MTX-induced adverse effects on male infertility and oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2532-2539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astaxanthin improves hematology, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the albino rats' kidney model of dexamethasone toxicity.","authors":"Faisal Fikri, Auliyauna Miftahurrohmah, Muhammad Sbastian Pratama, Danis Farid Qosdina, Gigih Fikrillah Sya'ban, Salipudin Tasil Maslamama, Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In therapeutic scenarios, the anti-inflammatory medication dexamethasone is frequently administered. However, the consequences of prolonged use and dose residue may result in dexamethasone toxicity. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant that may lessen the harmful effects of dexamethasone.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of astaxanthin in a dexamethasone toxicity model in the kidney of albino rats based on hematological profiles and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved the random assignment of 25 albino rats into five treatment groups with five replications: (C-) placebo, (C+) intramuscular injection of 0.75 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone, and (T1, T2, and T3) intramuscular injection of 0.75 mg/kg BW of dexamethasone and oral administration of 2, 6, and 12 mg/kg BW of astaxanthin, respectively. All experimental animals were administered therapy for 10 days. Hematological profiles were evaluated using a blood analyzer, whereas IL-6 and TNF-α expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on leukocyte, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit characteristics, groups T2 and T3 were generally found to be significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from group C+ regarding the reduction of the effects of dexamethasone. In the meantime, group T3 showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 expression compared with group C+.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of 12 mg/kg BW of astaxanthin may be an antidote to dexamethasone toxicity in albino rats, according to the overall assessment of the hematological profile, IL-6, and TNF-α cytokines in the kidney.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2511-2517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semen characteristics of indigenous Lusitu boars compared to the Large White pig genotype reared in Zambia.","authors":"Rubaijaniza Abigaba, Edwell S Mwaanga, Pharaoh Collins Sianangama, Progress H Nyanga, Wilson N M Mwenya","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.16","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pigs contribute to the livelihoods of traditional pig farmers (TPFs) through meat production and economic gains. However, the production of pigs, particularly genotypes indigenous to Zambia, remains suboptimal, largely due to dominance of the traditional farming practice. To actualize full productivity and contribute to increased pig numbers, the application of artificial insemination (AI) and related reproductive biotechnologies has been recommended. However, the successful application of these biotechnologies requires knowledge of animal biology.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the semen attributes of Lusitu boars as an initial step toward successful biotechnology applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-stage nested design was used with a total of 60 ejaculates analyzed to generate data. The data were analyzed descriptively using means and standard deviations, while the inferential statistics included ANOVA and correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean scores for analyzed parameters, including semen volume, pH, sperm concentration, semen doses, vitality, total motility, and progressive motility, were above or within the recommended limits for fresh boar semen. Lusitu boar semen (LBS) scored higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in vitality and pH but significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in volume, sperm concentration, and semen doses compared with the Large White genotype. The mean scores of sperm abnormality indices and motility traits were generally similar (<i>p</i> > 0.05) between the two boar genotypes. The boar effect was significant on semen volume, pH, and motility (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Despite multiple correlations observed for some traits, no characteristic correlated with all studied traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Characterization of indigenous Lusitu boars by their semen attributes revealed that this genotype produced semen whose quality parameter scores were above/within limits/range acceptable for fresh boar semen. In addition, each genotype had some areas of strength over the other, although the Large White generally performed better. The indigenous Lusitu boar may perform with desirable results when reproductive biotechnology is applied, particularly the AI program.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2439-24848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of garlic powder and probiotics on production and growth performance parameters in broiler challenged with coccidia.","authors":"Azhar Eltanahy, Dima Alkadri, Mohamed Alaaeldein Elmorsy, Huda A El-Emam, Nahed A El-Shall, Bassem Elmishmishy, Asmaa Elsayyad, Gehad A Ezzat, Marwa A El-Beltagy, Mohamed Shaalan, Radwa R Elzwahary, Ahmed I El Sheikh, Ahmed M Abdellatif","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.42","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coccidial intestinal infection induces significant economic losses in the production of birds. It also constitutes a major hazard of drug residues to meat consumers if the coccidia is controlled using anticoccidial drugs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of dietary garlic as a natural alternative with or without probiotics compared to the anticoccidial drug against <i>Eimeria</i> infection of broilers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Growth rate, carcass dressing, blood metabolites, meat quality, intestinal histomorphology, oocyst shedding, and gene expression were assessed. A total of 150 one-day-old Ross broiler chicks were divided into five groups: NC, negative control; PC, positive control; AC, anticoccidial drug; GR, garlic; GR-P, garlic plus probiotics. The coccidia challenge was conducted for all experimental groups except NC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PC birds showed a significantly lower weight gain and worse feed conversion ratio compared to the NC birds. The GR-P and AC groups revealed comparable results regarding WG and were significantly higher than the GR and PC groups. In comparison to the PC, AC, and GR-P groups, the GR group exhibited significantly decreased cecal lesion score, mortality rate, and oocyst shedding. GR-P improved carcass traits compared to other groups. GR-P and GR-P showed the highest scores for appearance, juiciness, tenderness, and the overall acceptability of breast meat. GR-P, GR, and AC reduced breast meat PH, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSs), fat, and ash compared to PC. AC, GR, and GR-P significantly increased jejunal and cecal villus length and crypt depth. Improvements in blood parameters were seen in the AC, GR, and GR-P groups rather than in the PC group. The coccidia challenge significantly induced changes in gene expression levels, while the three additives mainly reversed their expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study reported a promising role of garlic-probiotics dietary supplements in broiler chickens' growth performance during coccidiosis due to their antioxidant, anticoccidial, and antimicrobial activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2729-2749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Veterinarians' perspectives on pet abuse, legal involvement, and forensic investigation in Thailand: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Athip Lorsirigool, Yuttana Sudjaroen, Narong Kulnides, Natapol Pumipuntu, Arunroj Kullaya, Nontachai Santichat, Kanokwan Tawinwang","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.49","DOIUrl":"10.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i6.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Animal abuse is a significant global issue affecting pets, livestock, and wildlife. In Thailand, the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Welfare of Animals Act B.E. 2557 (2014) provides a legal framework for animal protection. However, effective law enforcement and forensic investigations are essential for prosecuting offenders. Veterinarians play a crucial role in identifying and reporting abuse, yet their awareness, legal knowledge, and forensic expertise remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study explores veterinarians' perspectives on pet abuse, legal involvement, and forensic investigations in Thailand.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to December 2024 using an online questionnaire distributed via social media. A total of 153 veterinarians participated, providing demographic data and responses on three key areas: awareness of animal cruelty and welfare (PAWC), knowledge of relevant laws (PLAT), and understanding of forensic science applications forensic methods used to investigate pet animal cruelty (FMIC). Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were used to examine associations between demographic factors and awareness levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Veterinarians exhibited high awareness in all three areas (mean scores: PAWC = 4.13, PLAT = 3.59, FMIC = 3.44). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between gender, age, education level, years since graduation, and workplace awareness levels. Female veterinarians and those working in government agencies demonstrated higher forensic knowledge. Veterinarians aged 35-39 years and those with doctoral degrees exhibited the highest understanding of animal welfare issues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gender, age, education level, years since graduation, and workplace were found to influence veterinarians' awareness levels and perspectives. The findings highlight the need for continued education and standardized training to enhance veterinarians' roles in preventing and investigating pet abuse cases. Strengthening forensic veterinary practices can contribute to improved animal welfare and legal enforcement in Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":"15 6","pages":"2806-2814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12451188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145131563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}