Veterinarians' perspectives on pet abuse, legal involvement, and forensic investigation in Thailand: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Animal abuse is a significant global issue affecting pets, livestock, and wildlife. In Thailand, the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the Welfare of Animals Act B.E. 2557 (2014) provides a legal framework for animal protection. However, effective law enforcement and forensic investigations are essential for prosecuting offenders. Veterinarians play a crucial role in identifying and reporting abuse, yet their awareness, legal knowledge, and forensic expertise remain unclear.

Aim: This study explores veterinarians' perspectives on pet abuse, legal involvement, and forensic investigations in Thailand.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to December 2024 using an online questionnaire distributed via social media. A total of 153 veterinarians participated, providing demographic data and responses on three key areas: awareness of animal cruelty and welfare (PAWC), knowledge of relevant laws (PLAT), and understanding of forensic science applications forensic methods used to investigate pet animal cruelty (FMIC). Descriptive statistics and inferential analyses were used to examine associations between demographic factors and awareness levels.

Results: Veterinarians exhibited high awareness in all three areas (mean scores: PAWC = 4.13, PLAT = 3.59, FMIC = 3.44). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between gender, age, education level, years since graduation, and workplace awareness levels. Female veterinarians and those working in government agencies demonstrated higher forensic knowledge. Veterinarians aged 35-39 years and those with doctoral degrees exhibited the highest understanding of animal welfare issues.

Conclusion: Gender, age, education level, years since graduation, and workplace were found to influence veterinarians' awareness levels and perspectives. The findings highlight the need for continued education and standardized training to enhance veterinarians' roles in preventing and investigating pet abuse cases. Strengthening forensic veterinary practices can contribute to improved animal welfare and legal enforcement in Thailand.